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All Journal PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Ensiklopedia of Journal Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) Ensiklopedia Education Review TERAJU : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Pahlawan : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Sosial dan Budaya International Journal of Social Service and Research International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Journal of Law, Administration, and Social Science Jurnal Iso Jurnal Impresi Indonesia JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI Al-MIKRAJ: Jurnal studi Islam dan Humaniora Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Jurnal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Trisakti Cessie : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Jurnal Hukum Prioris Reformasi Hukum Trisakti QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin dan Inovasi Teknologi Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum Jurnal Batavia Amicus Curiae Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory
Listyowati Sumanto
Universitas Trisakti
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ANALISIS PERAN STRUKTUR HUKUM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PIDANA DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN TEORI FRIEDMAN Hanoko, Aimee Reyhansa; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3470

Abstract

This article discusses the role of legal structures in the development of the criminal justice system in Indonesia using Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory approach. The main focus of this study is on the elements of structure, namely institutions, authority, and human resource capacity in criminal justice institutions, such as the police, prosecutors, courts, and correctional institutions. Although criminal law reforms have been carried out through the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code and other supporting regulations, the effectiveness of their implementation is still hampered by the unpreparedness of the legal structures that enforce them. This article uses a normative and descriptive type of legal research. Secondary data was analyzed qualitatively based on a literature study, reviewing legal documents, scientific journals, and relevant research results. Conclusions are drawn using deductive logic. The results of the study show an imbalance between progressive legal substance and the reality of a slow, fragmented legal bureaucracy that is often overloaded with cases. Weak legal structures prevent the optimal achievement of criminal justice objectives such as resocialization, restorative justice, and rehabilitation. Therefore, criminal law reform must be accompanied by legal institutional restructuring so that the criminal justice system can function effectively and fairlyKeywords: Criminal Justice System, Legal Development, Legal Reform
PENERAPAN TEORI SISTEM HUKUM DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TINDAKAN OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE OLEH APARAT KEPOLISIAN Gabrielle, Sabrina; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3479

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of obstruction of justice by police officers in Indonesia, focusing on the application of Lawrence Friedman's legal system theory. In the context of a state governed by the rule of law, the principles of the supremacy of law and justice are often threatened by acts of obstruction of justice committed by law enforcement officials themselves. This study identifies various forms of obstruction of justice, such as the destruction of evidence and intimidation of witnesses, as well as their impact on public trust in the judicial system. Using Friedman's theory, the analysis focuses on three main elements: legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. This study uses a descriptive normative legal research method. Secondary data is analyzed qualitatively. Conclusions were drawn using deductive logic. The results of the study show that weaknesses in internal oversight, ambiguity in legal substance, and a culture of solidarity among police officers contribute to the practice of obstruction of justice. This study recommends the need for comprehensive reform in the oversight structure, strengthening of legal substance, and transformation of legal culture to improve accountability and transparency in law enforcement in Indonesia.Keywords: obstruction of justice; criminal liability; legal system theory
ANALISIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DATA PRIBADI DI INDONESIA Azhari, Sultan Fathan; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3481

Abstract

Thee developmente of informatione technologye in ethee digital eeraee hase brought significant impacts on people'se lives, e one of which is the increasing risk of personal data theft. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against perpetrators of personal data theft in Indonesia using the Lawrence M. Friedman legal system theory approach, specifically focusing on the element of legal substance. This studye usese ae normativee juridical researche typee and ise descriptivee in nature. Secondarye datae ise analyzede qualitatively. Conclusions are drawn using deductive logic. The research results indicate that despite the availability of relatively complete legal instruments, there are still various obstacles in their implementation, including unclear legal norms, weak criminal sanctions, the unavailability of supporting technical regulations, and a lack of comprehensive integration among regulations governing personal data protection. Through an analysis of several actual cases, it was found that there is disparity in the imposition of sanctions and the legale systeme has enot ebeene optimal in providing a deterrent effect for perpetrators. Therefore, reformulation of legal substance and harmonization of regulations are necessary to address the challengese of personale datae protectione in thee digital era comprehensively and effectively Keywords: Law Enforcement , Personal Data Protection , Legal System 
REFORMASI SISTEM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA AGRARIA DENGAN MEMBENTUK PERADILAN PERTANAHAN DT Nouvendi SK, DT Nouvendi SK; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3473

Abstract

Agrarian disputes in Indonesia are a classic, recurring problem due to overlapping regulations, weak legal certainty, and the lack of integration of authorized dispute resolution institutions. This situation creates uncertainty for the public and investors, and hampers national economic development. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of the current agrarian dispute resolution system and propose the establishment of a Land Court as an effort to reform agrarian law that is more effective, efficient, and equitable. The research method used is normative juridical research, with descriptive nature. Secondary data is analyzed qualitatively. Conclusions are drawn using deductive logic. The results indicate that the resolution of agrarian disputes through general and state administrative courts has not been able to provide certainty and substantive justice for the parties, due to the limited competence of judges and the complexity of agrarian law. Therefore, the establishment of a Land Court is a strategic step in realizing the reform of the national agrarian legal system oriented towards social justice, legal certainty, and public welfare, as mandated by Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. Keywords: Legal Reform, Agrarian Disputes, Special Courts, Legal Certainty, Social Justice
EKSPOLITASI ANAK PADA DUNIA ENTERTAIMENT PERIKLANAN Oktavia, Andrea; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3472

Abstract

Children are often commercialized in various television and digital media advertisements due to their allure of innocence and high market value. This situation raises legal and ethical issues because the involvement of children often does not consider their basic rights. This study uses a descriptive, normative legal research method, which examines primary and secondary legal materials. Secondary data is analyzed qualitatively. Conclusions are drawn using deductive logic. This study aims to identify forms of child exploitation in the entertainment and advertising sectors, analyze their impacts, and analyze the legal protections children receive. The results indicate that exploitation often occurs in the form of excessive working hours, psychological pressure, and a lack of understanding of children's rights by parents and agencies. Ideal legal protection should be comprehensive, encompassing strengthened regulations, improved oversight mechanisms, strict sanctions for violators, and education and changes in public mindsets. Legal protection for children is not only an obligation of the state but also a collective responsibility of society in creating a more just and humane future for Indonesian children. Keywords: Child Exploitation, Legal Protection, Advertising
FENOMENA PRAKTIK PINJAMAN ONLINE ILEGAL DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN Baroto, Pandit Dimas; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3475

Abstract

The phenomenon of illegal online lending practices in Indonesia has become increasingly widespread and troubling for the public, as these platforms operate without licenses and are not registered with the Financial Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to the growth of illegal online lending practices, examine the forms of legal protection available to victimized consumers, evaluate the roles of OJK and law enforcement authorities, and assess the implementation of existing regulations in addressing illegal online lending. The research employs a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis of secondary data. The findings reveal that illegal online lending causes significant harm to consumers, particularly due to the lack of transparency in information regarding excessively high interest rates, multiple penalties, short repayment periods, and unlawful debt collection practices. The low level of digital financial literacy among the public, ease of technological access, and limited regulatory supervision are identified as the main factors fostering the proliferation of illegal online lending. Although various regulations have been established, their implementation remains suboptimal. Therefore, stronger synergy between institutions and law enforcement, along with enhanced public education, is required as both preventive and repressive measures against illegal online lending practices. Keywords         : illegal online lending, law enforcement, consumer protection, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Services (OJK), financial technology (fintech)
KERUGIAN EKOLOGIS AKIBAT TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PADA SEKTOR LINGKUNGAN HIDUP Putra, Rizky Tri; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3477

Abstract

Corruption in the environmental sector constitutes an extraordinary crime that not only causes financial losses to the state but also exerts systemic impacts on ecosystems and the sustainability of natural resources. This study highlights corrupt practices related to illegal mining activities that have led to severe environmental degradation and inflicted state losses amounting to hundreds of trillions of rupiah, including ecological damages that cannot yet be conventionally quantified. The research employs a normative approach through the analysis of legislation and case studies, integrating Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory and J.D. Nyhart’s theory of law and economic development to examine the interrelation between law enforcement, ecological loss, and sustainable development. The findings emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in assessing losses arising from environmental corruption and the urgent need to reform legal instruments to ensure accountability not only for financial damage but also for long-term ecological harm. This study is expected to strengthen both academic and practical arguments in advancing environmental law and combating corruption based on ecological justice in Indonesia. Keywords: environmental corruption, ecological loss, law and economics
PENGARUH DESENTRALISASI FISKAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KASUS KORUPSI DI PEMERINTAH DAERAH Waruwu, Malmingcer; Sumanto, Listyowati
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 1 Edisi 3 Oktober 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3474

Abstract

Fiscal decentralization is a policy strategy that aims to strengthen regional independence in managing financial resources and bringing public services closer to the community. However, in practice, fiscal decentralization often raises new problems, one of which is the increasing potential for corruption at the local government level. This study examines the weaknesses of the supervisory system, lack of human resource capacity, and weak institutional integrity as factors that reinforce the negative relationship between fiscal decentralization and clean governance. This study aims to analyze how the delegation of fiscal authority from the central government to the regions affects the frequency and pattern of corruption in the local government environment. Using a type of descriptive normative juridical research, secondary data were analyzed qualitatively. Draw conclusions using deductive logic. The findings show that although fiscal decentralization brings positive potential in regional development, its implementation has not been accompanied by an adequate internal and external control system, thus increasing the scope for budget abuse. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervisory policies, increase fiscal transparency, and empower civil society as social control. The study concludes that fiscal decentralization will only have a positive impact if it is accompanied by reform of the legal system, increased accountability, and integrity enforcement at the local level.  Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization, Corruption, Local Government, Supervision, Financial Governance 
Ketidakpastian Hukum Aset Daerah dalam Perspektif Sistem Hukum Friedman di Cilandak Barat Kiswanto, Yuli; Sumanto, Listyowati
Cessie : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol. 4 No. 5 (2026): Cessie: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum (In press)
Publisher : ARKA INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55904/we9t1z76

Abstract

Permasalahan ketidakpastian hukum dalam pengelolaan aset daerah merupakan isu fundamental dalam tata kelola pemerintahan yang berimplikasi langsung terhadap legitimasi aset publik dan efektivitas pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketidakpastian hukum atas aset milik Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan menggunakan Teori Sistem Hukum Lawrence M. Friedman sebagai kerangka analisis utama melalui studi kasus penerbitan Sertifikat Hak Pakai (SHP) No.169/Cilandak Barat dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung No.690 K/Pdt/2025 (Kasus Djawahir). Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif bersifat deskriptif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus; data sekunder dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan penalaran deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakpastian hukum muncul akibat kelemahan koordinasi antar lembaga (struktur hukum), inkonsistensi penerapan norma pertanahan (substansi hukum), dan rendahnya budaya hukum birokrasi (legal culture). Dalam kasus SHP No.169, kepastian hukum formal lebih diutamakan melalui perlindungan sertifikat, sedangkan dalam kasus Djawahir klaim aset daerah runtuh karena pemerintah tidak mampu membuktikan alas hak yang sah dan pencatatan dalam KIB A tidak diakui sebagai dasar kepemilikan. Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian terdahulu tentang lemahnya administrasi aset daerah, tetapi memperluasnya dengan menunjukkan bahwa akar masalah terletak pada ketidakseimbangan tiga unsur sistem hukum, sehingga reformasi pengelolaan aset daerah harus menyentuh integrasi kelembagaan, konsistensi norma, dan pembenahan budaya hukum aparatur secara simultan.
Co-Authors Ade Wahyudin, Ade Affan Zaidan Afifah Matrullah Andini, Siska Dwi Angelina, Jennifer Annisa Rheinata Suhartono Anriyani, Dian Arif, Heru Wira Astaman Asyisyifa, Ananda Fia Azhari, Sultan Fathan Baroto, Pandit Dimas Bintan R. Saragih Bintang, Cantika Ramadhani Christiangie, Merry DT Nouvendi SK, DT Nouvendi SK Endang Pandamdari Ersya Maulina Fachri Mohammad Rizki Fachri Mohammad Rizki Gabrielle, Sabrina Hanoko, Aimee Reyhansa Hizkia Immanuel Toban Idris, Siti Hafsyah binti Ignatius Pradipa Probondaru Irene Eka Sihombing Irene Eka Sihombing Jesse Heber Ambuwaru Jessica Jessica Juliani, Wenny Kabes, Irianto Kiswanto, Yuli Kolono, Sucipto Komeni, Wirdi Hisroh Latuconsina, Ruswan Mansur, Habil Ma’ruf Manurung, Susi Marlinda Mariane, Irene Maritza, Allya Lavenia Matrullah, Afifah Muhammad Fajar Shodiq, Muhammad Fajar Muhammad Jafar Shodiq Ninda Puspita Dewi Nurmayana, Suri Oddy Inayah Kasri Oktavia, Andrea Permata Sari, Masayu Nilam Putra, Rizky Tri Rachmadayanti, Regina Rahmadania, Andi Wulan Ratnawati, Elfrifa Rizki, Fachri Mohammad Rosisca, Napoleon Forte Salsabilla, Azra Santos, Ricardo Sari, Masayu Nilam Permata Sayid Fahmi Siahaan, Sahala MPH Silooy, Ester Sugiyatmo, Agus uwiyono, uwiyono Varany, Yacinta Tira Waruwu, Malmingcer Wijayanto, Budi Tri Wildan Fikarudin Yuliansar, Nabila Faraz