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Decentralization in a Unitary State: A Comparative Analysis and Adaptive Governance Design Based on Performance Panji Hendrarso; Nina Kurnia; Ahmad Subhan; Mutia Rizky Septiani; Gugun Gunawan; Arif Nugroho
Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, July - August (2025)
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Over the past two decades, decentralization has emerged as a primary strategy in governance reform across various countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of decentralization within the framework of a unitary state by examining its concepts, implementation models, and impacts on local government performance through a systematic literature review and cross country comparison. By analyzing practices in Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, and India, the study finds that the success of decentralization is highly dependent on the alignment between institutional design, fiscal and administrative capacity, and the structure of intergovernmental relations. Indonesia has adopted a controlled asymmetric decentralization model that has succeeded in fostering local innovation but continues to face challenges in coordination and fiscal disparities. The study proposes a new analytical framework that integrates institutional and performance based governance approaches, and emphasizes the importance of fiscal reform, adaptive institutional design, and digital transformation. The main contribution of this study lies in strengthening theoretical discourse and formulating decentralization policy recommendations that are more responsive to local dynamics and future challenges.
Colonial Legacy and Industrialization: Historical Determinants in the Formation of Local Government Institutions Haryo Setyoko; Arif Nugroho
Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, July - August (2025)
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

This article examines the historical interaction between colonialism and industrialization as primary determinants in shaping the structure and performance of local governments in post colonial countries. Based on comparative studies and empirical literature, the findings reveal that both direct and indirect colonial models, along with the degree of industrialization, significantly influence fiscal capacity, public participation, and the level of centralization in local governance. Countries with an indirect colonial legacy and early industrialization tend to develop more adaptive and inclusive local governments, whereas direct colonial models without accompanying industrialization tend to reinforce centralization and weaken institutional capacity. These findings underscore that contemporary local institutional designs cannot be fully understood without considering the structural legacies of the colonial and industrialization periods.
Institutional Evolution of Subdistricts in Indonesia: Transformation of the Subdistrict Head’s Role from the Colonial Era to Contemporary Decentralization Moh Arif Mulyawan R; Arif Nugroho
Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, July - August (2025)
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

The decentralization reform in Indonesia has transformed the institutional framework of sub districts (kecamatan) and shifted the role of the sub district head (Camat) from an administrative bureaucrat to an adaptive participatory development agent. This study employs a historical institutional approach and path dependency analysis to explore the evolution of sub district institutions from the colonial era to contemporary decentralization. The findings reveal significant disparities in institutional capacity among sub districts, influenced by the legacy of colonial bureaucracy and resource inequalities, which result in governance asymmetry and the risk of a decentralization trap. High capacity sub districts are able to optimize resources, social capital, and leadership for service innovation and community participation, whereas low capacity sub districts face stagnation. This study emphasizes the need for a governance model that integrates historical, structural, and socio political dimensions within a multi level governance framework, as well as a transformation of accountability toward performance based accountability. Strategic recommendations include strengthening performance based funding, human resource and leadership development, enhancing social capital, and transparent evaluation mechanisms to improve the quality of sub district governance in Indonesia.
Strategic Policy for the Development of Tanjung Lesung Tourist Destination as A Special Economic Zone in Banten Province Nugroho, Arif; Jumanah, Jumanah; Stiawati, Titi
Publik : (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31314/pjia.14.1.118-132.2025

Abstract

Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Tanjung Lesung, designated under Government Regulation Number 26 of 2012, holds significant potential as a premier tourist destination in Banten Province. However, after more than five years of operation, the development of this area has not been optimal. It has yet to deliver a significant impact on the national, regional, and local economies. This study aims to identify the key tourist destination potentials within SEZ Tanjung Lesung. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data collection methods, including field observations, documentation, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and literature review. The findings indicate that SEZ Tanjung Lesung possesses substantial potential in the tourism sector, particularly due to its attractive beach tourism, strong support from central and regional governments, and readiness of human resources. However, the main challenges faced include limited investment capital, inadequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, and difficult accessibility from urban centers. The alignment between the master plan and the existing conditions remains low, indicating discrepancies between planning and actual implementation on the ground. This study recommends improvements in the planning and policy implementation for the development of SEZ Tanjung Lesung, including enhancing infrastructure, facilitating investment, and strengthening human resource capacities to achieve sustainable development goals and positively impact the regional economy.
Connectivity of Accreditation Instrument Strengthening Policy in Realizing Excellent Primary and Secondary Education Services in Banten Province Jumanah, Jumanah; Nugroho, Arif; Ratnasari, Dine Trio
Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Vol 9, No 3 (2025): Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jmpp.v9i3.65016

Abstract

This study examines the policy connectivity of strengthening accreditation instruments in relation to efforts to realize quality education services at the primary and secondary levels in Banten Province. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study method, the research involved informants from local government officials, BAN-S/M assessors, school principals, teachers, supervisors, school committees, and parents. The findings reveal that although the School Accreditation Instrument (IASP 2020) has been introduced, its integration into regional education planning, budgeting, and supervision remains limited. Some schools are able to translate accreditation indicators into quality management practices, yet the majority face challenges related to understanding, inter agency coordination, and follow up on accreditation results. Additional inhibiting factors include the absence of a formal coordination mechanism between BAN-S/M and the Education Office, as well as the lack of technical policies at the regional level. This study highlights the importance of cross level policy connectivity as a prerequisite for strengthening accreditation, an issue that has been rarely explored in previous studies. The recommendations emphasize synchronizing national and regional policies, enhancing the capacity of education personnel, and formulating operational regulations at the regional level to ensure that accreditation functions effectively as an instrument for improving the quality of education services.
Adaptive Innovation Paradigm in Archipelagic Governance Analysis of Civil Servants' Perceptions in Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, Indonesia Rusito, Rusito; Sonjaya, Trisna; Nugroho, Arif; Permana, Deni
Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Vol 9, No 3 (2025): Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jmpp.v9i3.67034

Abstract

This study considered civil servants' perceptions of public service innovation in archipelagic governance contexts in Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, South Sulawesi. By adopting stratified random sampling, 121 civil servants from four island sub-districts completed a validated 57-item questionnaire measuring five innovation dimensions. The results revealed high innovation perceptions with distinctive characteristics differing from mainland technocratic paradigms. Community-Based Implementation Strategy scored highest, while Structural Challenge Management scored lowest, with significant differences across island types. Infrastructure access, position level, and service length were key predictors, explaining 54.7% of variance. Cluster analysis identified three typologies: Pragmatic Adapters, Community Innovators, and Balanced Practitioners. Comparative analysis showed large gaps in technology orientation and local wisdom integration versus expected mainland responses, indicating paradigmatic differences. Archipelagic civil servants developed systematic adaptive innovation approaches emphasizing flexibility, community collaboration, and relational outcomes over technological modernization. These findings confronted universal public management principles and suggest context-specific innovation policies are necessary for effective archipelagic governance.
Mediating Economic Growth toward Inclusive Development: State Institutional Capacity and the Developmental Role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Indonesia Julizar Idris; Abdul Gaffar Karim; Abdul Wahab Samad; Arif Nugroho
Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu Vol. 5 No. 08 (2025): Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, December (2025)
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

This article examines BPJS Ketenagakerjaan as a manifestation of state institutional capacity in mediating the transformation of economic growth into inclusive development in Indonesia. Challenging growth centred development assumptions, the study argues that labour welfare outcomes depend on institutional mediation rather than macroeconomic expansion alone. Using a qualitative institutional and public policy analysis based on statutory documents, official reports, labour market data, and peer reviewed literature, the study identifies three key mechanisms. First, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan strengthens social fiscal and administrative capacity through expanding coverage and long term fund accumulation. Second, it institutionalises collective risk pooling that stabilises labour incomes amid market volatility. Third, its long horizon funds exhibit potential to function as public patient capital for development financing, conditional on governance quality. The findings reposition employment based social security as an active developmental institution rather than a residual welfare instrument. The study contributes to development economics and public administration by extending social investment and state capacity debates to developing economies with high labour informality.
Cross-Institutional Digitalisation and the Digi-Service Bubble Pitfalls in Public Sector Transformation in Indonesia Ondy Asep Saputra; Arif Nugroho; Duratul Ain Tholibon; Rudi Salam
Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (April 2025)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Kontemporer, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46507/jcgpp.v6i1.682

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Digitalisation has emerged as a dominant trend in public service delivery, often regarded as a means to reduce costs, improve accessibility and contribute to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 on Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. However, as institutions adopt digital service models, critical questions remain regarding the urgency, effectiveness and potential shortcomings of such reforms. This study examines Indonesia’s public sector amid a wave of digital reforms, exploring the broader implications of cross-institutional digitalisation through the concept of the digi-service bubble. This refers to a condition where the pace of digital adoption exceeds the capacity for strategic planning and meaningful implementation. Data were collected via online surveys involving 50 participants, complemented by in-depth interviews with 20 informants. The research investigates public perceptions of digital services, particularly in relation to their necessity, accessibility and practical effects on everyday governance interactions. The findings highlight three key patterns. First, there is broad consensus on the importance of digitalisation. Second, perceptions vary based on educational background. Third, fragmented digital infrastructure remains a challenge, leading to redundancy and inefficient resource allocation. While digital transformation in public services is broadly supported, long-term success depends on strategic coordination, inclusivity and coherent policymaking. The study underscores the need for integrated digital infrastructure, widespread digital literacy and transparency in governance. These factors are vital to avoiding inefficient or poorly implemented digital initiatives, which typify the digi-service bubble.
Policy Connectivity and Fiscal Decentralization in Encouraging Economic Development through Marine Tourism in Banten Province Nugroho, Arif; Jumanah, Jumanah; Stiawati, Titi; Handoko, Pryo
Neo Journal of economy and social humanities Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities
Publisher : International Publisher (YAPENBI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56403/nejesh.v5i1.426

Abstract

This study analyzes the role of fiscal and administrative decentralization and policy connectivity in the development of marine tourism as a driver of economic development in Banten Province. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative analysis of GRDP data, tourism sector contributions, the number of destinations, and investment indicators with qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results show that while decentralization provides flexibility for local governments in destination management and budget allocation, its effectiveness depends heavily on vertical and horizontal policy integration and cross-sectoral coordination. Disparities in tourism contributions between districts remain high, but good policy connectivity can increase GRDP per capita by between five and seven percent, create new jobs, encourage investment, and empower local MSMEs. These findings confirm that effective marine tourism management requires synergy between multi-level governance, active community participation, and data-driven decision-making to achieve inclusive, sustainable, and resilient economic development.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KARTU IDENTITAS ANAK (KIA) DI KABUPATEN LEBAK Julizar Idris; Anti Annisa Subhiyati; Ondy Asep Saputra; Arif Nugroho; Jumanah Jumanah
Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah Vol 8 No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56945/jkpd.v8i1.264

Abstract

The Central Government's efforts to implement the Child Identity Card (KIA) program as the newest population administration program, namely to become a concrete form of protection for children as the state's obligation to protect every citizen, where recently there has been a phenomenon of deprivation of civil rights for children. This research aims to determine the implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy or program at the Lebak Regency Population and Civil Registration Service. This implementation can be known by using the concept of Policy Implementation according to George C. Edward III whose dimensions include Communication, Resources, Disposition, Bureaucratic Structure. The research was conducted using descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) program in Lebak Regency has not been fully maximized, one of which can be seen from the socialization which has not been maximized, then the delivery of information which is not clear, the condition of the facilities is less than optimal, the attitude and commitment of the Dukcapil Office in implementing the KIA program Less than optimal and assessment of the implementation of the KIA program that is less than optimal. Recommendations for this research; (1) Socialization should go directly to the school, involving teachers and student guardians. (2) Provide clear information both offline and online. (3) The condition of the seating facilities must be improved. The recommendation for further research is to conduct a policy evaluation study to assess the output of the KIA program in Lebak Regency in particular and generally to carry out comparative studies in several regions in Indonesia.