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Transesterifikasi Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Menggunakan Isobutanol Dengan Variasi Jumlah Katalis Dan Waktu Reaksi Risky Deliana; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Plastisizer is an organic solvent with high boiling point. As a solid, its melting point is considerably low.  Plastisizer is produced from process called transesterification. It is a reaction between oil (ester) and alcohol, creating new esters and glycerol as it’s by products. This experiment used waste of Pangasius sutchi oil, isobutanol, and H-Zeolit. The transesterification is performed in a reactor equipped with mixer. Independent variables were set prior to the study, consists of molar ratio 1:6,  mixer velocity 175 rpm, and temperature of 90° C. While the dependent variables are reaction rate of 5, 6, and 7 hours, and catalyst amount 10%, 15%, and 20% of oil weight. This experiment resulted in plastisizer with similar characteristics to commercial plastisizer in  specific gravity, viscosity, except saponification value. Furthermore, at reaction rate 6 hours and catalyst amount of 15 %, the conversion of 18,03%. Keywords: H-Zeolit, Isobutanol, Plastisizer, Transesterification
Transesterifikasi Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Menggunakan Isopropanol Dengan Variasi Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Perbandingan Molar Reaktan Fernando S Sihotang; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Transesterification is a reaction between oil (tryglecerida) and alcohol, creating fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerol as it’s by products. Plastisizer is one of the commercial product of fatty acid alkyl ester. Plastisizer is an organic solvent with high boiling point. As a solid, its melting point is considerably low. Plasticizers from bio-oil production is still very limited, it is necessary to develop a bio-oil-based plasticizers. One of vegetable oils that can be used to produce plastisizer, and still has not been utilized optimally is waste cat fish oil. Plastisizer can be synthesized by transesterification using acid catalysts. Most of the transesterification reaction using homogeneous acid catalysts such as H2SO4, HNO3 and HCl are difficult to separate from product. Alternative catalysts that can be used for the transesterification reaction is natural zeolite catalyst which is easily separated from the heterogeneous reaction products. In this research, the synthesis of plasticizers by transesterification reaction used an activated natural zeolite catalysts to H-zeolite, with variations of stirring speed (150, 175 and 200 rpm) and the molar ratio of reactants (1:6, 1:9, and 1:12) , with a fixed variable was 60-65 0C reaction temperature, 6 hours reaction time, and 20% H-zeolite catalyst composition based by weight of waste catfish oil. The test results showed that the molar ratio and stirring speed affects the speed of the reaction to reach equilibrium reaction. The best operating conditions obtained by this research was the molar ratio of 1: 9, stirring speed 150 rpm, 20% catalyst composition and 6 hours reaction time, obtain conversion of 50,7% Product. Characteristics of plasticizers, which produced by this research meets the standards of commercial plasticizers, with 8,96 – 12,41 mPa s viscosity value (400C), 0,882 – 0,894 Specific Gravity (400C) and saponification number is 135, 41 – 161,75 mg KOH, Where, the standards which used by this research are 8,96 – 12,41 mPa s viscosity value (400C), 0,882 – 0,894 Specific Gravity (400C) and saponification number is 133 – 172 mg KOH.
Sintesis Biopelumas Dari Minyak Biji Jarak: Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Suhu Reaksi Nico Gunawan; Irdoni Irdoni; Nirwana Nirwana
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Lubricants is an inseparable part of machine. Lubricants used to protect engine components from worn-out. Along with the increasing demands on materials that are environmentallyfriendly and renewable, vegetable oils or animal fats based biolubricants can be claimed as a solution. Jatropha curcas oil is an oil that can not be consumed cause had phorbol ester andkurkin that are toxicthus potentially used as raw material for biolubricants. This research purposes to study the synthesis of biolubricants from castor oil to observe the effect of stirring speed and esterification reaction temperature. The research was begun with the saponification of jatropha curcas oil to make fatty acid. Furthermore, fatty acids will be esterified with etylen glycol ona mole ratio of 1: 4, and time reaction for 4 hours, stirringspeed 150, 180, 210 rpm, and the reaction temperature of 120oC, 150oC, and 180oC. The yield raised with the increase of stirring speed and reaction temperature. Temperature influence is more significant than the speed of stirring. The highest yield is 91,96% at reaction temperature at 180 C and a stirring speed of 180 rpm with a flash point 435°C, pour point 4°C, density 0,9005 g/ml and viscosity index amounted 161,678.Keywords: biolubricants, esterification, etylen glycol, jatropha curcas oil, yield
Sintesa Surfaktan Ramah Lingkungan Metil Ester Sulfonat Dari Palm Oil Methyl Ester Dengan Variasi Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Suhu Reaksi Rahmad Agung Yanuardhi; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Waste generated from surfactant LABS (Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate) can be toxic to aquatic organisms, causing damage to ecosystems and groundwater that may havean impact on human life. Surfactants are surface active agent, which works to lower the surface tension of a liquid, active nature is derived from the dual nature of the molecule. Surfactants are molecules that have polar groups that like water(hydrophilic) and non-polar groups are like oil (lipophilic). Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) is one type of anionic surfactant which has advantages in terms of detergency, resistant to hardness, are renewable and environmentally friendly. Methyl EsterSulfonate produced by the process of sulfonation between Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) and sulfonating agent Sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) with a catalyst of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). This research aims to create a methyl ester sulfonate withstirring speed variation and reaction temperature. Sulfonation process using Palm Oil Methyl Ester mole ratio of 1: 1.5 and sulfonating compounds with sodium metabisulfite variation stirring speed of 400, 450, 500 rpm and temperature variations of 80, 100,120 0C, with a reaction time of 4.5 hours. The results were obtained product category decrease in surface tension of water is a stirring speed of 400 rpm and a temperature of80 0C, with a decrease of 21 dyne / cm. for category decrease interfacial tension obtained the best product on the stirring speed of 450 rpm and a temperature of 100 0C, with a decrease of 5.80 dyne / cmKeyword : Anionic Surfactants, Methyl Ester, Methyl Ester Sulfonate, Sulfonation, Surfactant.
Sintesis Bio-Pelumas Minyak Minyak Biji Jarak: Pengaruh Rasio Mol Dan Waktu Reaksi Angelina Debbie; Irdoni Irdoni; Nirwana Nirwana
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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A lubricant is an inseparable part of machine. Lubricants used to protect engine components from worn-out. Along with the increasing demands on materials that are environmentally friendly and renewable, vegetable oils or animal fats based Bio-lubricants can be claim as a solution. Castor oil is an oil that can not be consumed thus potentiallyy used as raw material for bio-lubricants. This research purposes to study the synthesis of bio-lubricants from castor oil to observe the effect of stirring speed and reaction temperature. The research was begun with the saponification of castor oil with 2 N KOH, the reaction temperature at 70 ° C. Solid formed was mixed with 10 N HCl and stirred for 20 minutes and then the formed fatty acid is separated from the rest of reactants. Furthermore, fatty acids will be esterified with etylen glycol on a stirring speed 180 rpm at 150C, with the variation of mole ratio: 1:3,1:4;1:5 and the reaction time: 2,4,6 hours . The highest yield is 91.15% at mole ratio 1:4 for 6 hours with a flash point 302°C, pour point 5°C, density 0.9005 g/ml and viscosity index amounted 145,596.Keywords: Bio-Lubricants, Castor Oil, Yield
Pembuatan Grease Dari Minyak Biji Karet : Mempelajari Pengaruh Campuran Lioh-Ca(OH)2 Dan Rasio Base Oil Septiani Lestari; Irdoni Irdoni; Nirwana Nirwana
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Grease is a semi-solid lubricant that is given between two metal objects that move independently or one of the moving objects while the other is stationary with the aim of reducing friction. Grease is applied to industrial and automotive machinery. Rubber seed oil is non edible oil because it is toxic, so it has the potential to be a grease. This research aims to make grease using rubber seed oil, studying the effect of ratio mol metal LiOH:Ca(OH)2, as well as the effect of comparison of metal soap:base oil on the quality and characteristics of grease. The research stage is: raw material preparation includes extraction of rubber seed oil by pressing method, then degumming process using phosphoric acid (85%) 0.5% (w/w), temperature of 90oC, for 1 hour and centrifuge for 20 minutes. Then the process of making metal soap (thickening agent), 100 ml of rubber seed oil is heated to a temperature of 70oC, then added LiOH:Ca(OH)2 metal while stirring with a stirring speed of 650 rpm for 30 minutes. Furthermore, the process of making grease, rubber seed oil as a base oil is mixed with metal soap (thickening agent) according to predetermined variables. The mixing process was carried out at a temperature of 70oC then metal soap (thickening agent) was added to the reactor and stirred with a stirring speed of 650 rpm for 30 minutes, after the temperature of the mixture reached 120oC additives added 5% w/w and a stirring time of 3.5 hours. Then the grease test is carried out, namely the dropping point test based on ASTM D566 and the penetration test based on ASTM D217. The best results on the soap formula 90%:10% and the grease formula 75%:20%:5% obtained dropping point 145oC, penetration 240 (0.1 mm) and NLGI 3.Keywords: grease, rubber seed oil, dropping point test, penetration test
Pengaruh Kadar Sulfur Dan Plastisizer Paraffin Terhadap Morfologi Dan Sifat Karet Alam Thermoset Dengan Filler Abu Sawit/Carbon Black Maradona Maradona; Nirwana Nirwana; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Sulfur and plasticizer has an important role in the manufacture of thermoset rubber. Plasticizer serves to increase the spread of filler in the elastic properties of rubber. While the function of sulfur during the vulcanization process. This research aims to study the effect of sulfur and paraffin plasticizers on the morphology and properties of thermoset rubber with palm ash /carbon black as filler. sufur content used were 1,5 phr 2,5 phr and 3 phr (per hundred rubber ). Plastisizer content used were 2,5 phr and 5 phr. Mastication process is carried out using a roll mill at room temperature, roll rotational speed of 20 rpm, and the overall time of the manufacture of compound ± 50 minutes. Activator used was ZnO, a co–activator used was stearic acid, an accelerator used was MBTS, antidegradant used was TMQ. Vulcanization process was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C and pressure of 50 kgf/cm2. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus using standard ISO 527-2 type 5A with a universal testing machine. Testing morphology was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Other parameter tested is water absorption resistance. The results showed that the rate of sulfur and plasticizer influence the properties of vulcanized rubber. The best mechanical properties obtained at 2.5 phr sulfur and 2.5 phr plasticizer with filler ratio of palm ash /carbon black 30/70 with a tensile strength of 18.41 MPa, elongation at break 1155.9 % and elastic modulus of 0.9 MPa.                                     Keywords : sulfur , plasticizers , fillers hybrid , natural rubber , vulcanized
Pemetaan ancaman bencana banjir kecamatan sungai serut, sebagi media pembelajaran topik bahasan global warming di SMKN 3 Kota Bengkulu Eva Efriyani; Nirwana Nirwana; Muhammad Farid
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 2, No 1 (2018): February
Publisher : University of Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (685.618 KB) | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.2.1.100-105

Abstract

 AbstrakAda kecenderungan peningkatan kuantitas banjir yang terjadi di Kota Bengkulu dalam setiap tahunnya. Salah satu wilayah yang selalu mengalami bencana banjir adalah kecamatan Sungai Serut, khususnya wilayah Kelurahan Tanjung Agung, Tanjung Jaya dan Kelurahan Semarang. Banjir yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut tergolong tipe banjir karena tumpahan air sungai yang menggenang karena elevasi rendah. Pemetaan ancaman banjir di Kecamatan Sungai Serut dilakukan dengan mengukur ketinggian di setiap titik pengukuran, menggunakan GPS. Pengukuran jarak sungai terdekat dan jarak dari garis pantai dilakukan menggunakan google earth. Pemetaan wilayah terkena dampak dan ancaman banjir tidak saja penting untuk perencanaan wilayah, akan tetapi juga untuk media pembelajaran di sekolah. Pada proses pembelajaran tentang pemenasan global, banjir menjadi salah satu dampak yang terjadi kerenanya. Banjir yang terjadi di Kecamatan Sungai serut dapat ditelusuri kejadiannya karena debit Sungai Bengkulu yang sangat besar. Debit yang sangat besar tidak langsung ditampung oleh laut, karena pada saat itu laut dalam kondisi pasang. Kejadian laut pasang disaat musim penghujan mengindikasikan adanya anomali yang terjadi di laut, yang besar kemungkinan disebabkan karena dampak pemanasan global. Banjir sebagai media pada  topik bahasan pemanasan global mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar pada konsep pemanasan global siswa ekstrakulikuler KIR SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bengkulu kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Hal ini di buktikan dengan nilai N-gain untuk kelas tinggi adalah sebesar 0,75 dalam katagori tinggi, kelas sedang sebesar 0,52 dalam katagori sedang, dan kelas rendah sebesar 0,44 dalam katagori sedang. Kata kunci: Banjir, potensi banjir, pemanasan global, hasil belajar.
Penerapan model PBL materi aplikasi gelombang elektromagnetik hasil analisis kontaminan daging menggunakan metode spektroskopi Ria Aprilia; Nirwana Nirwana; M. Lutfi Firdaus
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 3, No 3 (2019): OCTOBER
Publisher : University of Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (826.065 KB) | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.3.3.114-119

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ABSTRACT[Implementation PBL model in electromagnetic wave material from analysis result of meat contaminant with spectroscopy method]. The aims at this study was to explain differences in learning outcomes between students who study with Problem Based Learning Learning Model (PBL) with students who study conventionally on Electromagnetic Waves material. This method of educational research used quasi experimental research methods. The design of this research is pretest-posttest control group design. Population in this research is all class X SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau, which consists of 4 classes and selected as sample is class X.1 as experiment class and X.2 as control class. Technique of collecting data used is test. The hypothesis of this study is that there are differences in learning outcomes between students learning to use Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with students who study conventionally in Physics learning at SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau. Differences can be seen from the results of the mean values of the control and experimental classes, the control class has an average grade value of 80.09 and the experimental class has an average value of 87.25. Based on result of analysis obtained from t test, that is tcount bigger than ttable with value 4,64 > 1,68 then H0 refused and Ha accepted. Thus the hypothesis proposed in this study accepted the truth. Keywords: Learning Outcomes; Problem Based Learning (PBL); Electromagnetic Waves; Spectroscopy. (Received February 20, 2018; Accepted July 15, 2019; Published October 8, 2019) AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan siswa yang belajar secara konvensional pada materi Gelombang Elektromagnetik. Metode penelitian pendidikan ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen semu. Desain penelitian ini adalah pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau, yang terdiri dari 4 kelas dan yang terpilih sebagai sampel adalah kelas X.1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X.2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan siswa yang belajar secara konvensional pada pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau. Perbedaan dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol dan eksperiman, kelas kontrol memiliki nilai rata-rata kelas 80,09 dan kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai rata-rata 87,25. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh dari uji t, yaitu thitung  lebih besar daripada ttabel dengan nilai 4,64 > 1,68 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima kebenarannya.Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar; Problem Based Learning (PBL); Gelombang Elektromagnetik; Spektroskopi.
Implementasi Model Discovery Learning Pada Materi Aplikasi Gelombang Elektromagnetik Analisis Pengotor Berbagai Minyak Goreng Sawit dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis Tria Wulandari; Nirwana Nirwana; M. Lutfi Firdaus
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 3, No 2 (2019): JUNE
Publisher : University of Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (237.693 KB) | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.3.2.66-71

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ABSTRACT[Implementation of Discovery Learning Model on Electromagnetic Wave Application Material of Various Palm Oil Impurity Analysis With Spectrophotometry UV-Vis].The aims of this study was to describe the differences between the learning outcomes of students who learn to use the learning model of Discovery Learning with students studying physics learning conventionally onwaves electromagnetic material.  The method used quasi experimental research with Pretest-Posttest Control GroupDesign research conducted at SMA Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau. Sample research used 2 classes i.e. class X.3 as a experimental class and class X.2 as a control class. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that there was a difference between learning outcomes of students who learn to use the learning model of Discovery Learningwith students studying in conventional method. The data views from the average final value obtained after being given the treatment. The average value of experimental classes after being given the treatment model of learning by Discovery Learning was 76.27, while the average value of control class after being given treatment to conventional learning was 67.00.Keywords: Discovery; Learning;Electromagnetic Waves; Spectrophotometry UV-Vis.(Received August 23, 2018; Accepted March 2, 2019; Published June 18, 2019)ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dengan siswa yang belajar secara konvensional pada pembelajaran fisika dengan materi gelombang elektromagnetik.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperimen) dengan desain penelitian Pretest-Posttest Control GroupDesign, yang dilakukan di SMA Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan berjumlah 2 kelas yakni kelas X.3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X.2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dengan siswa yang belajar secara konvensional. Data tersebut dilihat dari nilai rata-rata akhir yang diperoleh setelah diberi perlakuan. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen setelah diberi perlakuan dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning sebesar 76,27, sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol setelah diberi perlakuan pembelajaran konvensional sebesar 67,00.Kata Kunci:Discovery; Learning; GelombangElektromagnetik; Spektrofotometri UV-Vis.
Co-Authors A. Indrianti Ismunandar Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri ABDUL HAMID HABBE Abdul Razak Munir Adrian Syawal Ahmad Wiranto Ainun Azzarah Annur Alimuddin Alimuddin Amalia, Alia Rezki Andi Kusumawati Andi Rahma Nur Alam Andi Wawo Angelina Debbie Asri Aulia Ainun Bahruddin Darmawati Darmawati Dedy Hamdani Dewi Anggraeni Dewi Herawaty Dewi Retnaningati Donny Kurniawan Dwi Reski Marham Novianti Eko Swistoro Erdiyanto Erdiyanto Erniati Erniati Eva Efriyani Fernando S Sihotang Fitri Kumalasary Fitriani Fitriani Frengky Mandacan Galih Ageng Pambudi Gde Made Dwi Praditya Rahadi Habib, Alltop Amri Ya Hafsah Hafsah Haliah, Haliah Hanis Destrini Hari Rionaldo Hasbullah Hasbullah Helda Nelvia Hendri, Yola Bertilsya Husnul Hatima Hutri Rara Panggalo Ian Siswanto Idral Amri Indra Sakti Irdoni HS Irdoni Irdoni Irmayanti Sudirman Januari Darung Joni Miharyono Jumriana Ibriani Kartini Kartini Kiran Salsabilah Lisa Legawati M Lutfi Firdaus M. Lutfi Firdaus Maliyo Junizon Mansur Mansur Maradona Maradona Maria Peratenta Marina Marina Muhammad Ismail Mustafa, Mifta Mustika Hadijati Muthmainnah Mursidin Nico Gunawan Noferi Yanli Nur Alam Fajar Nur alim Bahri Nurayni Wahdaniyah Nurmilasari Nurmilasari Nurul Fitrahminarsih N Nurul Fitriyani NURUL HIDAYAT Nyoman Rohadi Pratiwi Bayuningrum Qoningatun Nashikhah Rahmad Agung Yanuardhi Randi Farlindo Rexi Agusmin RIA AGUSTIN Ria Aprilia Rico Januar Sitorus Ridwan Ridho Rika Dwi Ayu Parmitasari Risky Deliana Safira Welay Salma Liska Sandra Jeanet Muntu Septiani Lestari Sitti Jam'iah H.A Sri Helianty Suhairi Suhairi Suhendri Suhendri Susilawati Susilawati Syahruni Syahruni Syamsu Herman Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsul Alam Syarif Syahrir Malle Syarima Z Tria Wulandari Ummu Aiman Vandy Rahmarta Vijay Amar Wa Ode Helda Wahidah Abdullah Wahyu Widada Wasriani Wasriani Yolanda, Yogi Yustinawati Yustinawati Yusuf Bahtiar Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zuqni Meldha