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Journal : The Journal of Educational Development

THE WORD, PHRASE, AND SENTENCE PRODUCTIVITY, AND THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF UTTERANCES AMONG CHILDREN WITH MILD MENTAL RETARDATION Rustono, Rustono; Su’udi, Edi Astini; Mulyani, Mimi; Astuty, Astuty
The Journal of Educational Development Vol 5 No 1 (2017): February 2017
Publisher : The Journal of Educational Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jed.v5i1.14305

Abstract

Children with mild mental retardation hereinafter referred to as CMMR experience cognitive impairment so that a variety of linguistic deficit exists. Nevertheless, their language skills can be optimized because within their inner language ability there is a Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). This study aims to describe and explain the patterns of words, phrases, sentences, and the average length of utterances in the CMMR speech based on the minimum and maximum ability. This research approach is a qualitative one that is observationally controlled through a cross-sectional design. In this study, the researcher positioned herself as a key instrument because she acts as a human instrument that serves to fix the research focus, data sources, data collection, data reduction, and data presentation, and to draw conclusions/verification of the findings. The research data were in the form of written stories, conversations, and records  of field data. The background the research was SLB Negeri Ungaran Semarang. The source of the data was the  MMRC of Year 5. The technique of collecting data was recording and observation. The data were validated using data triangulation. Data analysis included (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) inference or verification of the results. The findings of this study were as follows. (1) Based on the maximum capability, the word productivity was that the noun increased by 86%,  the verbs by 81%, function words by 75%, adjectives by 76%, pronouns by 78%, numerals by 83%, and adverbs by 75%. (2) Based on the maximum capacity, the productivity of phrases was that the prepositional phrases increased by 72%,  nominal phrases by 88%, verbal phrases by 70%, numeral phrases by 76%, pronominal phrases by 50%, conjunctive phrases by 100%, and adverbial phrases by 100%. (3) Based on the number of clauses related to the minimal capabilities, the sentence productivity  found in the form of a simple sentences and can not be found in neither compound nor complex sentences and based on the maximum capabilities productivity of simple sentence increased by 86% and it was found that there was neither compound nor complex sentences. Based on the completeness of the sentence elements, it was found that according to the minimal ability there were 15% of complete sentences and 85% of incomplete sentences  and based on the maximum capabilities, there was a 25% increase of  complete sentences and a decrease by 75% of incomplete sentences. (4)  Based the minimum capability, the average length of utterances (ALU) was 5.69  and  based on the maximum capacity it increased by 6.24.
Linguistic Defamiliarization in The Text of Ahmad Tohari’s Novel Trilogy Asrofah, Asrofah; Rustono, Rustono; Supriyanto, Teguh; Mulyani, Mimi
The Journal of Educational Development Vol 5 No 3 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : The Journal of Educational Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jed.v5i3.18118

Abstract

This research is entitled Linguistic Defamiliarization in the text of Ahmad Tohari’s Trilogy. One of problems discussed is the form of linguistic defamiliarization in the text of Ahmad Tohari’s novels united in a trilogy. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of linguistic defamiliarization in the text. Theoretically, this research contributes (1) to adding a new insight about the writing Ahmad Tohari’s rhetorical style and (2) to the preparation or writing of the history of Indonesian literary theory. Meanwhile, among the practical benefits that can be obtained is the appreciation of interesting language and literature learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study employing an analytical approach and hermeneutic technique. It was carried out in such a way because it was difficult to avoid using an eclectic method to analyze a novel. The use of integrated the methods was expected to get maximum results. The data in this study were linguistic data in the form of sentence fragments contained in the text of the novels in the trilogy, namely Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, Lintang Kemukus Dini Hari, and Jentera Bianglala. The data were in the form of chunks of the characters’ speech and the author’s narration in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and discourse that allegedly contained forms of defamiliarization. The data collection technique employed in this study was the documentary technique and first level of semiotic reading technique. The data collection technique used in this study can be described as follows, (1) reading the text of the trilogy employing the first level of semiotic reading technique, i.e. the heuristic reading. This reading technique was based on a linguistic convention; (2) keeping records of data coded according to the characteristics on the data cards; (3) classifying the data according to the types of problems, namely the forms defamiliarization at word, phrase, clause, sentence, and discourse levels. On the data analysis stage, a second level of reading technique was applied, that is the hermeneutic technique, to provide the overall meanings of the text. The results of this study show that the form of text defamiliarization in  Ahmad Tohari’s trilogy are in all linguistic levels, i.e. word, phrase, clause, sentence and discourse ones. At the word level, the defamiliarization is in the form of connotative meaning utilization, exploiting the Javanese words, the use of foreign terms, the use of expletives, and the utilization of compositum. Meanwhile, at the phrase level it shows the use of endocentric attributive phrases, endocentric connective phrases, verbal phrases, noun phrases, and prepositional phrases. An the clause level it shows the use of verbal clauses, adjectival clauses, and nominal clauses. The sentences found in the text are in the form of simple sentences and compound/complex sentences with varied structural patterns, both compound and complex sentences.
THE WORD, PHRASE, AND SENTENCE PRODUCTIVITY, AND THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF UTTERANCES AMONG CHILDREN WITH MILD MENTAL RETARDATION Astuty, Astuty; Rustono, Rustono; Su’udi, Edi Astini; Mulyani, Mimi
The Journal of Educational Development Vol 5 No 1 (2017): February 2017
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jed.v5i1.14305

Abstract

Children with mild mental retardation hereinafter referred to as CMMR experience cognitive impairment so that a variety of linguistic deficit exists. Nevertheless, their language skills can be optimized because within their inner language ability there is a Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). This study aims to describe and explain the patterns of words, phrases, sentences, and the average length of utterances in the CMMR speech based on the minimum and maximum ability. This research approach is a qualitative one that is observationally controlled through a cross-sectional design. In this study, the researcher positioned herself as a key instrument because she acts as a human instrument that serves to fix the research focus, data sources, data collection, data reduction, and data presentation, and to draw conclusions/verification of the findings. The research data were in the form of written stories, conversations, and records of field data. The background the research was SLB Negeri Ungaran Semarang. The source of the data was the MMRC of Year 5. The technique of collecting data was recording and observation. The data were validated using data triangulation. Data analysis included (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) inference or verification of the results. The findings of this study were as follows. (1) Based on the maximum capability, the word productivity was that the noun increased by 86%, the verbs by 81%, function words by 75%, adjectives by 76%, pronouns by 78%, numerals by 83%, and adverbs by 75%. (2) Based on the maximum capacity, the productivity of phrases was that the prepositional phrases increased by 72%, nominal phrases by 88%, verbal phrases by 70%, numeral phrases by 76%, pronominal phrases by 50%, conjunctive phrases by 100%, and adverbial phrases by 100%. (3) Based on the number of clauses related to the minimal capabilities, the sentence productivity found in the form of a simple sentences and can not be found in neither compound nor complex sentences and based on the maximum capabilities productivity of simple sentence increased by 86% and it was found that there was neither compound nor complex sentences. Based on the completeness of the sentence elements, it was found that according to the minimal ability there were 15% of complete sentences and 85% of incomplete sentences and based on the maximum capabilities, there was a 25% increase of complete sentences and a decrease by 75% of incomplete sentences. (4) Based the minimum capability, the average length of utterances (ALU) was 5.69 and based on the maximum capacity it increased by 6.24.
Linguistic Defamiliarization in The Text of Ahmad Tohari’s Novel Trilogy Asrofah, Asrofah; Rustono, Rustono; Supriyanto, Teguh; Mulyani, Mimi
The Journal of Educational Development Vol 5 No 3 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jed.v5i3.18118

Abstract

This research is entitled Linguistic Defamiliarization in the text of Ahmad Tohari’s Trilogy. One of problems discussed is the form of linguistic defamiliarization in the text of Ahmad Tohari’s novels united in a trilogy. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of linguistic defamiliarization in the text. Theoretically, this research contributes (1) to adding a new insight about the writing Ahmad Tohari’s rhetorical style and (2) to the preparation or writing of the history of Indonesian literary theory. Meanwhile, among the practical benefits that can be obtained is the appreciation of interesting language and literature learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study employing an analytical approach and hermeneutic technique. It was carried out in such a way because it was difficult to avoid using an eclectic method to analyze a novel. The use of integrated the methods was expected to get maximum results. The data in this study were linguistic data in the form of sentence fragments contained in the text of the novels in the trilogy, namely Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, Lintang Kemukus Dini Hari, and Jentera Bianglala. The data were in the form of chunks of the characters’ speech and the author’s narration in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and discourse that allegedly contained forms of defamiliarization. The data collection technique employed in this study was the documentary technique and first level of semiotic reading technique. The data collection technique used in this study can be described as follows, (1) reading the text of the trilogy employing the first level of semiotic reading technique, i.e. the heuristic reading. This reading technique was based on a linguistic convention; (2) keeping records of data coded according to the characteristics on the data cards; (3) classifying the data according to the types of problems, namely the forms defamiliarization at word, phrase, clause, sentence, and discourse levels. On the data analysis stage, a second level of reading technique was applied, that is the hermeneutic technique, to provide the overall meanings of the text. The results of this study show that the form of text defamiliarization in Ahmad Tohari’s trilogy are in all linguistic levels, i.e. word, phrase, clause, sentence and discourse ones. At the word level, the defamiliarization is in the form of connotative meaning utilization, exploiting the Javanese words, the use of foreign terms, the use of expletives, and the utilization of compositum. Meanwhile, at the phrase level it shows the use of endocentric attributive phrases, endocentric connective phrases, verbal phrases, noun phrases, and prepositional phrases. An the clause level it shows the use of verbal clauses, adjectival clauses, and nominal clauses. The sentences found in the text are in the form of simple sentences and compound/complex sentences with varied structural patterns, both compound and complex sentences.
Co-Authors Abdul Mukhlis Afi Normawati Afifah Qodri Rinjani Agus Nuryatin Akhadiyah, Maulina Amalia Fajriyyatin Najichah Andini, Jihan Widya Arlinda Devi Utami Arlis Muryani Asrofah Asrofah ASTUTY Astuty Astuty Astuty Astuty Astuty Astuty, Astuty Atsani Wulansari Aulya Cahyaningrum Aulya Cahyaningrum AYU WULANDARI B. Wahyudi Joko Santoso Bayu Aji Nugroho, Bayu Aji Danang Dwi Pradita Dhanu Priyo Widodo Dian Muazinzah, Dian Dwi Riyanti Dwi Winarsih Dzikrina Dian Cahyani Edi Astini Su’udi, Edi Astini Farikah Fatmawati, Aristia Hakim, Sholihul Hamdani, Rifki Hari Wahyono Harno, Sumber Ida Ratna Sari Ilyas, Patmawati Islahudin Istianah, Anif Jendriadi, Jendriadi Juminartanti, Dwi Kuncara, Kusuma Peny Kusnida, Faris Liana, Novi Izmi M Fatkhu Arifin Madasari, Kurnia Asti Mahda Haidar Rahman Mahda Haidar Rahman, Mahda Haidar Mashud Syahroni Mazid , Sukron Mazid, Sukron Muhamad Yahya Mauliddin Muhilal Muhilal Munarto, Munarto Mursia Ekawati Mustaqim, Ahmad Ngibadiyah, Nurul Noor, Syafiq Hakim Opi Hanidian Prasetyo, R. Iguh PRASETYO, RIYAN Puri Bakthawar Raikhana, Salma Ratna Rosita Pangestika Retno Dwi Lestari, Retno Dwi Rifqi Fitriana Rina Supriananingsih Rini, Arika Rinjani, Afifah Qodri Rizky Dian Safitri Robert Rizki Yono Rohmat D. S., Heru Nur Rosiana, Shinta Rustono - Safitri, Rizki Dian Setiyowati, Yani Setyananda, Bagas Daffa Sirajul Munir Siti Kholishotul Ilmiah Siwi Dwi Mei Widiastuti St. Nurbaya Su’udi, Edi Astini Subyantoro Sukron Mazid Sumartini Sumartini Su’udi, Astini Syafiq Hakim Noor Teguh Supriyanto Titi Wuryani Uly Fikriyyah Winasti Rahma Diani Yusuf Hendrawanto