Articles
<![CDATA[MACROSTRUCTURES AND SUPERSTRUCTURES PATTERNS OF JOKOWI’S SPEECHES ]]>
<![CDATA[Anggini Pratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ English Language and Literature Vol 7, No 4 (2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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DOI: 10.24036/ell.v7i4.102107
<![CDATA[Presidential speech is one of the mushrooming issues nowadays. By applying different point of view in analyzing, the objective of this research was to figure out the patterns of Jokowi’s speeches in form of Macrostructure and Superstructure. The subjects of this research were 13 speeches in English and Indonesian. In addition, this research applied two levels in text analysis in Van Dijk’s Design, Macrostructure and Superstructure. The results of the research showed that the implementation of text analysis in Van Dijk’s Design was believed to be effective to improve the speeches. This research, in consequence, concerns with the study of critical discourse analysis in Text Analysis. This study was intended to analyze the transcription of Jokowi’s speeches. The text analysis was based on Van Dijk’s design in which the unit elements of the analysis are divided into three parts: macro-structure, superstructure and microstructure. The ones which have been analyzed in this paper are limited and focused only in; Macrostructure (Thematic) and Superstructure (Schematic). This research, thus, tries to examine on how speeches are structured and organized locally turn by turn. The result of the analysis revealed that several sentences in Jokowi’s speeches were less coherent in term of stating theme. Then, in superstructure, the scheme of the speech consisted of opening, content and closing.]]>
<![CDATA[THE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS FOUND IN POLITICAL CONVERSATION AT ROSI TALKSHOW ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Septela Rahmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>;
<![CDATA[Delvi Wahyuni]]>
<![CDATA[ English Language and Literature Vol 7, No 1 (2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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DOI: 10.24036/ell.v7i1.9910
<![CDATA[This study focuses on cooperative principle violation done by the interviewee in answering the question in Rosi Talkshow at Kompas TV using Grice’s theory. The objectives of study are to discover the type of conversational maxim violation and the reason the interviewee violate the maxims in talk show. The data is utterances between the interviewer and the interviewee taken from internet. This research was conducted by using descriptive method. The results of the study show that there are four maxims of the cooperative principle violated by the interviewee in answering the question at Rosi Talkshow. These maxims are: (1) maxim of quality (2) maxim of quantity, (3) maxim of relation, and (4) maxim of manner. The dominant maxim that is violated is maxim of quantity which occurred 18 times, whereas the other maxim such as maxim of relation occurred 14 times, maxim of quality 9 times and maxim of manner only occurred 6 times. The most dominant type of maxim violation is quantity because the speakers give information as much as possible to make it clear and to create good image with good words to get sympathy from audiences.]]>
<![CDATA[PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES OF MINANGKABAUNESE LANGUAGE FOUND IN PADANG AREA DIALECT USED IN KURANJI ]]>
<![CDATA[Sauqi Hadi Amri, Refnaldi, Rusdi Noor Rosa (p: 245-255)]]>
<![CDATA[ English Language and Literature Vol 2, No 1 (2013): SERIE : C ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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DOI: 10.24036/ell.v2i1.2415
<![CDATA[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perubahan secara fonologi yang terjadi di dialek standar Minangkabau dengan dialek Padang area Kuranji dengan menitik beratkan pada perubahan bunyi pada sebuah kata. Perubahan bunyi tersebut akan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tipe perubahan yang ada. Penelitian ini juga menentukan aturan perubahan bunyi pada kedua dialek tersebut Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perbandingan yang membandingkan perubahan bunyi sebuah kata yang ada pada dialek standar Minangkabau dengan dialek Padang area Kuranji, sehingga dapat diketahui tipe perubahan bunyi apa saja yang di temukan pada dialek standar Minangkabau dengan dialek Padang area Kuranji. Tipe perubahan bunyi yang ditemukan setelah membandingkan dialek standar Minangkabau dengan dialek Padang area Kuranji dua tipe, yaitu loss/deletion, dan epenthesis. Dari kedua tipe perubahan bunyi yang ditemukan, loss/deletion lebih mendominasi yang lainnya. Sedangkan untuk aturan perubahan bunyi, terdapat enam aturan. Aturan tersebut juga diklasifikasikan berdasarkan dua tipe perubahan bunyi. Lima aturan perubahan terdapat pada loss/deletion dan satu aturan perubahan pada epenthesis. Kata Kunci : Comparison, Sound changes, Loss/deletion, Epenthesis]]>
<![CDATA[IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENERBITAN SURAT PERSETUJUAN BERLAYAR (SPB) (Studi Kasus di Kantor Syahbandar Dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kijang) ]]>
<![CDATA[Edward Mandala]]>;
<![CDATA[Rendra Setyadiharja]]>;
<![CDATA[Jefri, RIo Refnaldi Nurul Mulyani]]>
<![CDATA[ JIP (Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan) : Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Politik Daerah Vol 1 No 2 (2016) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pancasakti Tegal ]]>
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DOI: 10.24905/jip.1.2.2016.247-264
<![CDATA[Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (Port Clearance) merupakan suatu proses pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Syahbandar terhadap kapal yang akan berlayar meninggalkan pelabuhan untuk memastikan bahwa Kapal, awak kapal, dan muatannya secara teknis administratif telah memenuhi persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran serta perlindungan lingkungan maritim. Pemahaman dari persyaratan Keselamatan dan Keamanan pelayaran adalah suatu keadaan terpenuhinya persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan yang menyangkut angkutan diperairan, kepelabuhanan dan lingkungan maritim. Tanggung jawab Syahbandar memang sangat berat dalam menjamin keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran, karena Syahbandar merupakan pejabat pemerintah di pelabuhan yang diangkat oleh Menteri dan memiliki kewenangan tertinggi untuk menjalankan dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap dipenuhinya ketentuan peraturan perundang undangan untuk menjamin keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran.Teori yang digunakan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini adalah teori implementasi kebijakan dari Edward III. Teori Edward III dalam penyusunan penelitian ini terdiri dari empat indikator, yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan stuktur birokrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pedoman wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sampling purposive. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat ketahui bahwa implementasian kebijakan surat persetujuan berlayar masih kurang berjalan dengan baik. Masih banyak para pengguna jasa SPB yang tidak mengetahui cara pembuatan surat tersebut. Dengan tidak memiliki surat tersebut dapat mengakibatkan keselamatan para pengguna jasa terancam. Dan masih terdapat ketidakjujuran dari kantor syahbandar dan otoritas kijang terhadap anggaran yang disediakan buat kebijakan SPB. komunikasi antara aparatur dengan masyarakat belum sepenuhnya terlaksana dengan baik. Menghadapi permasalahan tersebut seharusnya kantor syahbandar dan otoritas kijang lebih melakukan sosialisasi kepada para pengguna jasa sehingga pelanggaran-pelanggran yang tidak dinginkan tidak terjadi dan keselamatan mereka terjaga dan aman.]]>
<![CDATA[DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SCAFFOLDING MATERIALS FOR ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING: AN IDEA FOR TEACHING INTERMEDIATE WRITING SKILLS ]]>
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya Vol 4, No 2 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto ]]>
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DOI: 10.30595/lks.v4i2.2214
<![CDATA[Materials are generally used to provide a stimulus to writing ordiscussion, as a starting point for language input and analysis, and asideas for organizing lesson activities. In EFL context, materials playparticular important roles because they may be the only contact thatlearners have with English and offer the only opportunities for them to study target texts. One of the important roles of instructionalmaterials is to provide the foundation for learners’ understandings ofwriting and language use. They are often used to present a focus forlanguage, such as to scaffold learners’ evolving control of differenttexts. Materials that assist learners toward producing clear andaccurate sentences and cohesive texts are obviously very importantwhen learning to write. This paper aims at discussing thedevelopment of language scaffolding materials in the writing activitywhich is based on the genre-based approach. “Scaffolding” in this case is the activity to provide any kind of support for students while they are establishing their understanding of a text and their linguistic competence to create the text. The materials provide input, tasks, and instruction that can be used to encourage and as well as to challenge students. The discussion will be focused on developing materials on four main steps of scaffolding for students of English Department. They are language familiarization, model analysis and manipulation, controlled composition, and guided composition.]]>
<![CDATA[ELICITATION TECHNIQUES IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION USED BY ENGLISH TEACHERS AT SMAN 1 2x11 KAYUTANAM ]]>
<![CDATA[Mellati Mandasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermawati Syarif]]>;
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Seni Vol 20, No 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni UNP ]]>
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DOI: 10.24036/komposisi.v20i1.10036
<![CDATA[This study aims to explain the elicitation techniques teachers use to interact in the classroom. This research is descriptive research. The subjects of the study were English teachers at SMAN 1 2x11 Kayutanam. The data were collected using video recordings and observations in four different classes. Conversation analysis is used to analyze and classify data. The research findings show that there are five elicitation techniques used by teachers. The technique is to ask using pictures, texts, dialogues, body language and techniques designed by the teacher himself. Asking to use dialogue is a technique most often used by teachers to ask students. In addition, inquiring using body language is very rarely used by teachers. In the use of elicitation techniques, teachers use several types of questions. The questions consist of yes / no questions, closed questions and open questions. In its use, English teachers ask more yes / no questions and closed questions, while open questions are rarely used. Student responses to elicitation techniques used by teachers are dominated by simple or short answers. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that teachers tend to use one same elicitation technique at each meeting so that the process of interaction in the classroom is still dominated by the teacher.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER STRATEGY TOWARD STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL ]]>
<![CDATA[Ulfah Dina Maryanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermawati Syarif]]>;
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang Vol 6 (2018): Prosiding of The Sixth International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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<![CDATA[Teacher needs better strategy to help students in teaching speaking of spoken text. Numbered Heads Together is a cooperative learning strategy that holds each student accountable for learning materials in order to improve students’ speaking skill. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Numbered Heads Together strategy toward the students’ speaking skill of spoken text. This research was quasi-experimental research. The population of this research was the eleventh grade of senior high school located in Bengkulu province. Two classes were randomly selected as sample, namely XI IPS B as experimental class and XI IPS A as control class. The reseacher used speaking test to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using t-test. The result shows that Numbered Heads Together (NHT) strategy gives better result than Pair Work (PW) strategy on teaching speaking of spoken text.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) STRATEGY AND STUDENTS’ READING HABIT TOWARD STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY ]]>
<![CDATA[Heny Ambarsari]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermawati Syarif]]>;
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang Vol 6 (2018): Prosiding of The Sixth International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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<![CDATA[The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Think-Talk-Write Strategy and students’ reading habit toward students’ writing ability of report text. The design of this research was quasi experimental with 2x2 factorial design. The population of this research was the third grade students of SMP IT Al-Husna Kampar Riau. The technique that was used in selecting the sample was cluster random sampling. The sample of his research was IX C as the experimental research and IX D as the control class. Writing test and reading habit questionnaire were used as the research instruments. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using t-test formula and two ways Anova. The finding showed that Think-Talk-Write Strategy gives significant effect on students’ writing ability as compared to Listing Strategy especially for students with high reading habit as compared to Listing Strategy. The result of two ways Anova showed that there is no interaction between strategy used and reading habit toward students’ writing ability.]]>
<![CDATA[WHEN VERBS BECOME NOUNS: GRAMMATICAL MBTAPHOR IN STUDENTS' ACADEMIC TEXTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang Vol 3 (2015): Proceedings of 3nd International Seminar on English Language Teaching (ISELT) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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<![CDATA[The major challenge, according to Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), for students in writing courses is the frequent use of grammatical metaphor in acaciemic texts. Grammatical metaphor is the key element of academic discourse and a "single most distinctive characteristic" (Halliday, 2004) of written language compared to spoken language. This study is focused on the use of grammatical metaphors in students' abstracts. Using content analysis as data collection technique, this study examines 20 students' thesis abstract. The findlng shows that the use of grammatical metaphgrs is not yet optimal due to students' lack of understanding of grammatical metaphor functions in written English. The conclusion is there is a need for students on the improvement concerning the use of grammatical metaphors.]]>
<![CDATA[Appraisals in Students’ Hortatory Exposition Essays ]]>
<![CDATA[Refnaldi Refnaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Conference on Languages and Arts Proceeding of the 1st ISLA 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Padang ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper aims at describing how appraisals are used by the writer in using the language components for the purpose of developing discussion texts. The focus of the analysis is how the three appraisal sub-systems—attitude, engagement, and graduation—are taught to students. Attitude itself will be further divided into affect, judgment, and appreciation. Engagement is also classified into two, mono-gloss and hetero-gloss. Graduation is, furthermore, subcategorized into force (gradable) and focus (non-graded). Moreover, the functions performed by appraisals used are classified into three positioning, attitudinal positioning, dialogistic positioning, and intertextual positioning.]]>
