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The Effect of the Implementation of Student Teams–Achievement Divisions (STAD) Cooperative Learning on Students’ English Learning Outcomes at SMK Negeri 1 Manado Iknasia Reiti Sompotan; Mister Gidion Maru; Ceisy Nita Wuntu
Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature
Publisher : CV Wahana Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59011/austronesian.5.1.2026.221-231

Abstract

The increasing demand for English proficiency in vocational education requires the implementation of innovative teaching strategies that actively engage students in the learning process. This study investigates the effect of the Student Teams–Achievement Divisions (STAD) cooperative learning model on students’ English learning outcomes at SMK Negeri 1 Manado. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving twenty eleventh-grade students and one English teacher as research participants. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, reflective journals, and learning records. The implementation of STAD was conducted through heterogeneous group formation, class presentations, team study activities, individual quizzes, and team recognition sessions. The findings revealed that the STAD model significantly improved students’ participation, motivation, confidence, and engagement in English learning. Students demonstrated greater willingness to communicate in English, increased collaboration skills, and improved understanding of vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, and speaking activities. The study further identified four major themes explaining the effectiveness of STAD: reduction of language anxiety, enhancement of intrinsic motivation, effectiveness of peer scaffolding, and development of social competencies. Despite challenges related to time management and unequal participation during the early stages of implementation, the model proved successful in creating a more interactive and student-centered learning environment. The findings suggest that STAD is an effective pedagogical approach for improving English learning outcomes in vocational schools while simultaneously fostering collaborative and communicative competencies required in contemporary workplaces. 
Language as Confinement and Liberation: Perlocutionary Speech Acts in Sartre’s Huis Clos Amid Modern Existential Crises Grace Shirley Luntungan; Mister Gidion Maru; Jeihn Novita Christanty Budiman; Subhan Rahmat; Fergina Lengkoan; Devilito Prasetyo Tatipang
REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language
Publisher : The Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) - Universitas Lancang Kuning

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/2ew80p08

Abstract

Language does not merely convey meaning; it actively shapes psychological realities, relational dynamics, and existential conditions. This study investigates how perlocutionary speech acts function as a mechanism of confinement and liberation in Jean-Paul Sartre’s Huis Clos, addressing a critical gap in existing scholarship that has largely prioritized illocutionary structures over the cumulative effects of language in literary discourse. Adopting a qualitative discourse analysis grounded in Austin’s (1962) and Searle’s (1979) speech act theory, this research examines selected dialogues from the original French text, focusing on how utterances generate psychological, relational, and existential impacts on interlocutors. The findings reveal that perlocutionary acts operate as a recursive system that produces sustained emotional states such as shame, anxiety, and dependency, while simultaneously structuring power relations and identity construction. Rather than functioning as isolated communicative events, these acts accumulate across interaction, creating cyclical patterns of provocation and response that intensify conflict and prevent resolution. Moreover, language emerges as a paradoxical force that both entraps individuals within continuous judgment and enables heightened self-awareness through the presence of the Other. This study offers originality by integrating pragmatic analysis with existential philosophy, demonstrating that perlocutionary effects extend beyond communication to shape ontological experience. Its contribution lies in advancing speech act theory within literary studies and providing interdisciplinary insights relevant to pragmatics, discourse analysis, and philosophy. The findings further suggest broader implications for understanding how language operates as a powerful social and psychological force in human interaction across contexts.
Co-Authors Agnes Mila Agus Senduk Agustinus Nai Aki Aki, Agustinus Nai Ali, Nornazurah Nazir Allen Dicson Tampi Angelie Aurelia Janis Angkouw, Larry Gina Aris Girsang Aris M. Girsang Astrid T. Saluman Ceisy Nita Wuntu Chris Ceasar Pikirang Christy Saerang Claudia Nivita Ante Cyprianus Mbeko Darisun, Cantika Putri David Lung Deane Joke Wowor Deisyi A. Batunan Delli Sabudu Devilito Prasetyo Tatipang Dewi Christiyani Tumoka Dolongtelide, Eliska L. Donal Mateos Ratu Eka Selfany Gladys Hohary Ekawati Marhenny Dukut Eliasar P., Febryan Elisabeth Z Oroh Eliska L. Dolongtelide Elizabeth Zuska Oroh Emelia Panambunan Emes, Kezia Endriani Salamat Entoh, Thessa Hermita Ermilaty Silya Runtukahu Ervita Carolina Tania Fergina Lengkoan Feronica Kilmas Fivy Andries Fridolin J. P Kukus Gin Gin Gustine Glenie Latuni Gloria Anastasia Suoth Gloria Pangkey Glorya Agape Montang Golda J Tulung Grace Shirley Luntungan Hertila Umbola Hesty Yuanita Saroinsong Husain, Sabrina W. J. I Dewa Gede Arisudana Iknasia Reiti Sompotan Imelda Lolowang Javier Tuerah Jeane Tuilan Jeihn Novita Christanty Budiman Jein, Maniku Jenerio Michal Mokal Jenie Posumah Jessinia Laracroft Korengkeng Jilly M Kessek Jim Ronny Tuna Jim Ronny Tuna Julio Juniver Tadete Kaya, Nasya Nadinia Kilmas, Feronica Kinanti, Dewi Korengkeng, Jessinia Laracroft Kristyanti Adhelheid Borang Kumaat, Swita Wulan Labangka, Eva Silfana Laluan, Injilia Marchella Lengkoan, Fergina Lestary Sudarsono Livianni Lambe Lolowang, Imelda S. Lontaan, Michelle Rachel Louna Anastasia Rogahang Maikel Sanger Maria Rahelia Tulung Maryam M. H . Lughu Maukar, Merlin M. Meity Muntuuntu Melia Debora Sweetzemey Piri Mellinia Tawas Merlin M. Maukar Meyer Worang Matey Mintje, Intan Muhammad Basri Muhlis, Dinda C. P. Nadia Adelia Baadib Nadia Deibi Lambaiga Najoan, Violetta Nasya Nadinia Kaya Natalia Sembel Nihta Vera Frelly Liando Nitha F. V Liando Nitha Liando Noldy Pelengkahu Noldy Pelenkahu Ntoy, Kania Adeline Nurmin Samola Okclassiya Mega Sarajar Oktavianus Dengah Olga Rorintulus Oroh, Elisabeth Z. Pajow, Christin Natalia Pangke, Alcelcius Pangkey, Gloria Paputungan, Ahmad Sahid Paranduk, Rida Parimalang, Farhan Ryan Pasuhuk, Natasya Paula L Hampp Paula Rombepajung Piri, Melia Debora Sweetzemey Pratasik, Loviando Pratasik, Stralen Rahel Kimbal Ramona Paputungan Ratu, Noviana Neila Revolson Mege Rianto, Indra Richard Sumakul Rinny Rorimpandey Rombepajung, Paula A. Rudy Harijadi Wibowo Pardanus Sahril Nur Sanerita T. Olii Sanger, Maikel B. G. Sarah Kamagi Saroinsong, Novena M. M. Semuel Lasut Sergio Reanaldy Mantouw Sintia Wuri SLAMET SETIAWAN Subhan Rahmat Sukirman, Firjinia Putri Utami Sumigar, F B Swita Wulan Kumaat Tamowangkay, Fransisca Priskila Tania mandias Tarumingkeng, Lietania Chikita Thessa Hermita Entoh Tifanny Peleng Tini Mogea Tirza A Kumayas Tirza Kumajas Tiwa, Jerikho Louis Tuerah, I J C Tumoka, Dewi Christiyani Umbola, Hertila Valincia Febry Lim Pinangkaan Veronika Waroka Wuri, Sintia Yapi Henri Wongkar Yofri Karisi Yohanis Rantelangan Zeiniaty Rafaelly Sabaru