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Journal : International Journal of Informatics, Information System and Computer Engineering (INJIISCOM)

Enhancing Computational Thinking through a 2D Block-Coding Game: A Comparative GDLT–TAM Study in Elementary Education Wibowo, Tony; Wilson, Wilson; Gernaldi, Kevin; Simanjuntak, Fredian
International Journal of Informatics, Information System and Computer Engineering (INJIISCOM) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): INJIISCOM: VOLUME 7, ISSUE 2, DECEMBER 2026 (Online First)
Publisher : Universitas Komputer Indonesia

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Abstract

The aims of this study was to develop and evaluate a 2D block- coding educational game designed to introduce computational thinking concepts to elementary school students. The game was developed using the Game Development Life Cycle Theory (GDLT), while its acceptance was evaluated using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), focusing on perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude, and behavioral intention. The study involved 122 students from grades 3 and 6, divided into two groups: Group A received instructional guidance before gameplay, while Group B played the game without guidance. Data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using deductive thematic analysis based on the TAM framework. The results showed clear differences between the two groups. Group A demonstrated faster understanding of block- coding concepts, required fewer attempts to complete levels, and exhibited more consistent learning progress. In contrast, Group B experienced a longer adjustment period and relied more on trial- and-error learning. Group A also perceived the game as more useful and easier to use, and showed a stronger intention to continue using it. Overall, the findings indicate that the proposed game is an effective tool for introducing computational thinking in elementary education and highlight the importance of combining instructional guidance with game-based coding to enhance learning effectiveness and user acceptance.
Co-Authors Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Agustina Arundina Triharja Tejoyuwono, Agustina Arundina Triharja Alfonso Munte Alvi, Ria Rizkia Ananda, Juria Tri Andik Yulianto Andy Andy Aswandi Bahar Azzahrah, Putri Azizah Bate’e, Yamowa’a Battu, Desianto Payung Caesar, Abiyyu Chandra Chandra Christina Eka Daeng Ayub David David Desti Irja Didik Aryanto edi edi Efendi, Dodi Elia, Elia Enda Puspitasari Ery Hermawati Estrada, Yuki Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrialismanto, Febrialismanto Felix Felix Firdaus Firdaus Fitri Yani Fitrilinda, Dafetta Gernaldi, Kevin Hastuti, Desi Herianti, Gita Melinia Ilmiawan, M. In’am Intan Sari Jasfar Jas Jaspar Jas, Jaspar Jhonatan, Apfia Natalie Johanes Terang Kita Perangin Angin Joni Joni Juliandi Sahputra Kesumawardhani, Rossa Diah Khairat, UL Khomali, Carlos Justin Latersia Br. Gurusinga Lepina, Lepina Limbong, Putri Lorenz, Chintya Manfaati, Dwi Kurnia Marsisvi, Neli MASLINDA MASLINDA, MASLINDA Maulana, Azhar Maulina, Melisa Meidyrianto, Rizky Kukuh Monika, Tri Cici Muhammad Jais, Muhammad Muharam, Fajri Mukmin , M. Nur Mukti, Abdul Mungkap Mangapul Siahaan Muslima, Fikri Nopembereni, Eti Dewi Novita, Fitriana Nunung Nurhasanah Nur Kamila, Elsya Nuratika, Nuratika Nurlita, Nurlita Nurlita, Nurlita Pieter Octaviandy, Pieter Poppy Amalia, Poppy Pordamantra, Pordamantra Praditiani, Ririn Purwanti, Melvi Putri, Eka Ardiani Putri, Eka Ardiani Rachmadani, Annisa Suci Rahayu, Ica Rahmatasya, Whiwin Ramadhani, Dwi Cahya Ramadhani, Masyitha Ramadhani, Masytha Ratna Sari Rejeki, Sri Ayu Rismawati Wainarisi , Yane Octavia Rozalina, Rozalina Sagala, Nia Sabrina Said Suhil Achmad Sari, Ayu Zarmita Sari, Febrina Sartika, Indah selly Selly Sembiring, Dinofta Amos Septriana, Wahyuni Sera, Rohima Simanjuntak, Fredian Sri Adiningsih Suci Nasution, Raudya Nurul Supriani, Mega Susanto, Deni Taai, Derwin Tamara, Rizky Tamin, Rosmawati Tering, Solideo Gloria Titi Maemunaty, Titi Tony Wibowo, Tony Uswatun Hasanah Utami, Fitri Nur Utami, Melisa Vikriani, Aulia Vitraningsih, Dhiny Wainarisi, Yane Octavia Rismawati Wenky, Wenky Wijaya, Robby Wiwik Handayani Yani, Lora Yenti, Fitri Yulisman, Anindita Z, Khafifah Zulkarnain Zulkarnain