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Religion and Nationalism in Shaping the Fiqh of Armed Jihad: A Lesson to the Indonesian National Counterterrorism Policy Munajat, Munajat
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol. 22 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v22i2.26130

Abstract

Understanding the formulation of the fiqh of jihad is a key success in countering violent  Islamist  extremism  and  terrorism. Two salient factors that often come up in the academic  discussion  of  the  making  of  violent jihad are nationalism and religion. The present study investigates these two crucial  related  factors  in  the  two  prominent  cases  of  armed  jihad  in  Iran (1980-1988) and Palestina (1990-2010); and, then, how they may provide a lesson to the counterterrorism policy in Indonesia. The study uses secondary data  to  investigate  the  making  of  violent  jihad  of  Iran  and  the  Palestinian Hamas. While in the case of Indonesian policy, this article uses a government report  on counterterrorism  and  interviews  with  the  state  counterterrorism authorities. This study shows that the interactions of two ideologies (religion and nationalism) together create a sustained and powerful force of a violent jihad by the Iranians during the Iraq-Iran War and Palestinian Hamas against Israel to achieve their political goals. In contrast to this practice, Indonesia has applied nationalism in counterterrorism policies as a strategy to deradicalize violent ideology with religious motives. This article shows that counterterrorism policies need to put more emphasis on the meaning of non-violent jihad.Keywords: religion; nationalism; jihad; counterterrorism AbstrakMemahami fikih jihad merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam melawan ekstrimisme  dan  terorisme.  Dua  faktor  yang  sering  muncul  dalam  diskusi akademis tentang pembentukkan wacana jihad kekerasan adalah nasionalisme dan  agama.  Studi  ini  menyelidiki  dua  faktor  penting  dalam  kasus  jihad bersenjata  di  Iran  (1980-1988)  dan  Palestina  (1990-2010);  dan  bagaimana kasus ini menjadi pertimbangan dalam kebijakan kontraterorisme di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder untuk menyelidiki pembentukkan jihad kekerasan di Iran dan Hamas Palestina. Pada konteks Indonesia, penelitian ini menggunakan  laporan  pemerintah  tentang  kontraterorisme  dan  wawancara dengan  otoritas  terkait.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  interaksi  dua ideologi (agama dan nasionalisme) secara bersama-sama menciptakan kekuatan jihad kekerasan yang signifikan dan berkelanjutan di Iran selama Perang Irak- Iran  dan  Hamas  Palestina  melawan  Israel  dalam  mencapai  tujuan  politik. Berbeda dengan praktik tersebut, Indonesia menggunakan nasionalisme dalam kebijakan kontraterorisme sebagai strategi melawan ideologi kekerasan bermotif agama. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan kontraterorisme perlu lebih menekankan pada pemaknaan jihad tanpa kekerasan.Kata Kunci: agama; nasionalisme; jihad; penanggulangan terorisme
The Development Strategy of The Shallot as A Commodty Featured in OKU District Pakhruddin, Pakhruddin; Munajat, Munajat; Efriyanty, Rini
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i1.92

Abstract

Shallot is the one commodity vegetable featured long been cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. Shallot is also the main commodity in the prioritized development of vegetable lowlands in Indonesia in addition to the already hundreds of years cultivated, as well as is one of the sources of income of farmers and the country's economy. The study aimed to examine whether the shallot is the main commodity in the OKU District and the strategy of developing shallot planting in the OKU District. The research results show that the commodity shallot sub in OKU District with the analysis of the LQ had an index value of 0.42 = LQ < 1. Thus, shallot plantation is a sector in which its production fails to meet the needs of District OKU due to the lack of the role of the sector in the regional economy. It does not have the advantages of the comparative and categorized the non-base or not commodities is a sub-sector of the non-base following the value of LQ < 1. The government conduct management improvement coaching for farmer groups so that institutions in the downstream sector and agribusiness are strong. It is necessary to implement four development strategies to develop shallot planting as a commodity in the OKU District.
Evaluation of Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution to Corn Farmers in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency Sahroni, Sahroni; Munajat, Munajat; Sari, Yunita
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i2.100

Abstract

This study reviewed the Evaluation of Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution in Corn Farmers in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province. This research aims to analyze the distribution of subsidized fertilizer from producers to farmers of corn crops whether it is following the applicable rules, and to analyze the constraints in the distribution of subsidized fertilizer to corn crop farmers in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province. The research method used is the survey method. The respondents of the study were corn farmers in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency as many as 105 people. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive analysis techniques with the help of Likers Approximation by using scores on each question item in the questionnaire by making the highest answer to the highest answer "1" precise and lowest score "0", Not Exactly. The data that has been indicated is then determined by the overall questionnaire percentage by grouping the data by the type of statement. Furthermore, the results obtained are interpreted using the percentage category based on the criteria for assessing the accuracy of subsidized fertilizer distribution, and using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis with the help of the Problem List Table is to use an alternative answer on each question item in the questionnaire by making an alternative "Yes" answer and an authentic "No" answer. The data that has been indicated is then determined by the overall questionnaire percentage by grouping the data by the type of statement. Furthermore, the results are interpreted using the percentage category based on the criteria for assessing the constraints of subsidized fertilizer distribution. The results of this study found that the implementation of subsidized fertilizer distribution at the research site, namely Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, especially in Lengkiti District, East Baturaja District, and Sosoh Buay Rayap District has been carried out following the implementation instructions that have been set. But there are still problems that occur such as the Highest Retail Price (HIDR) and the use of Farmer Cards that have not been implemented in the field. Fertilizer subsidy policies are measured in six precise indicators, type, quantity, price, place, time, and quality. Based on the six indicators, 2 indicators of place and quality are categorized very precisely / according to the rule, while for 2 indicators of the type and the quantity can be categorized appropriately / quite according to the rule. Timely indicators can be categorized as inappropriate / not following the rules, while the price indicators for fertilizer subsidy policies can be categorized as inappropriate/very not following the rules due to the problem of price gaps in subsidized fertilizers in farmers, Line III (distributors) sell subsidized fertilizers above the Highest Retail Price (HRP) to Line IV (official kiosks) because there are additional transportation and loading and unloading costs and purchases with a pay system after harvest. Thus causing retailers to also sell subsidized fertilizer to farmers above the Highest Retail Price (HRP).
Perception of Women Farmers Group towards the Use of Home Yards Garden in Supporting Food Diversification in Semidang Aji District OKU Regency Susanti, Fitri Yani; Munajat, Munajat; Efrianti, Rini
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i2.105

Abstract

Food diversification is one way to overcome food security problems in Indonesia. Food diversification aims to anticipate crises, provide alternative food, stimulate the economy and create healthy human resources. With the target of reducing dependence on rice consumption, Semidang Aji District is one of the districts in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency that participates in the Accelerated Food Consumption Diversification (P2KP) program. Through this P2KP program, the community is directly involved in efforts to improve family welfare, including through diversification of food consumption and home yard utilization. This study aims to find out the perception of women farmers groups on home yard functions in Semidang Aji District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, and to find out the perception of women farmers groups towards food diversification in Semidang Aji District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The sampling method used in this study is simple randomness, where from 21 villages in Semidang Aji District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, there are 10 villages each with one group of peasant women so there are a total of 10 groups of women. Farmer. Of these 10 groups of female farmers, 10 members were taken as randomly taken respondents, so the total sample of this study was 100 people. The measured level of perception is the perception of female farmers about yard function and women's perception of food diversification. Perception level measurement uses the Likert Scale, which is a research scale commonly used to measure attitudes and opinions. The perception of female farmers in Semidang Aji District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency towards the function of the home yard garden is in a high category, and food diversification is in a very high category. In addition, it was also found that female farmers in Semidang Aji District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, agreed with the statement that the function of the home yard garden can support family food consumption, food diversification can support family food consumption and home yard functions and food diversification together can support family food consumption.
Strategy for Business Development of Community Food Barn in South OKU District Budi, Julian Setia; Munajat, Munajat; Efrianti, Rini
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i3.115

Abstract

Indonesia is known as an agricultural country that has diverse natural resource potential. However, Indonesia is facing a serious problem in terms of food which is the basic need of everyone. Food problems can be in the form of excess food, food shortages, household inability to meet food needs, and emergencies. One of the problems faced by Indonesia is food insecurity or food shortages which are closely related to poverty. One of the development focuses at the moment is directed at addressing the problems of food insecurity and poverty by improving food security. The Food Barn Business Development activity is one of the government's efforts to maintain price stability both at the farmer/producer level and at the consumer level. Through this activity, the Food Barn Group is empowered to be able to carry out its function as a distribution institution in a more efficient distribution chain to reduce price disparities between producers and consumers and indirectly play a role in overcoming plummeting prices during the harvest period and high prices during famine and become an instrument made by the government to withstand price fluctuations in certain situations. Based on the research that has been carried out, the strategies that should be carried out for the Development of a Food Barn Business in South Ogan Komering Ulu District.
Utilization of Social Media in Agricultural Extension Activities in South Ogan Komering District Sari, Nisma Ulda; Munajat, Munajat; Yunita, Yunita
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i3.119

Abstract

The development of science and technology today produces many communication media that can be used to share information quickly. There are many alternative communication media available to help disseminate information. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence agricultural extension workers in the use of social media and to determine the use of social media in agricultural extension activities. The research method used survey methods, namely interviews and questionnaires with the first quantitative problem formulation data analysis using simple linear regression and the first qualitative. The results showed that 4 factors influence the extensionist in the use of social media, namely age, internet network, number of social media accounts, and income. Of the four factors, three factors have a significant effect, namely the age factor, internet network, and income, while the factor that has no significant effect is the number of social media accounts. In the second problem formulation of the use of media for agricultural extension activities, there are four social media in the categories used by the extension workers, namely Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Instagram. Of these media, the most frequently used by extension workers to support extension activities are WhatsApp and youtube. Various kinds of information are accessed on social media, the most sought after by extension workers, namely pest and disease control and information on commodity prices.
Effectiveness of Subsidised Fertilizer Distribution on Corn Farming in South Ogan Komering Ulu District Saputri, Emaliana; Munajat, Munajat; Sari, Yunita
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i3.120

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers in corn farming in the South OKU District. Analyzing the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution is to use the scoring method and to see the correlation between the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution and corn production, the Spearman correlation coefficient is a nonparametric statistic. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average level of effectiveness of the six indicators was 75.25%. From the results of the percentage of the six indicators that are greater than 61% and less than 80%, the fertilizer subsidy policy of the South OKU District is said to be quite effective. The relationship between the effectiveness of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers on corn production in South OKU District. there is no significant relationship with a significance value greater than the value, which is 0.336>0.05. Based on the results of the correlation test of the effectiveness of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers with corn production, the indicators of price effectiveness and type have a unidirectional relationship. While the indicators of the effectiveness of place, time, quality, and quantity have a non-unidirectional relationship.
Variables Affecting the Repayment of the Community Business Credit KUR by Farmers in Coffee Farming Alawiyah, Refni; Munajat, Munajat; Efrianti, Rini
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i3.122

Abstract

Coffee productivity experiences fluctuations where production from year to year always fluctuates but judging from the development of the business world which is increasing, especially in agriculture with coffee producing centers. Natural coffee cultivation activities certainly require maintenance costs which are not a few things this also cannot meet from one's capital alone and requires additional capital from other parties. In doing this business, not all farmers have sufficient capital to run their business, so the community needs additional capital to increase their business. One of the financial institutions that provide loans is bandages through the KUR guarantee program, which is 80 percent of which is indeed allocated to the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, in South OKU District itself, almost all coffee farmers are banking customers who get KUR credit facilities from several banks in Muara Dua OKU Selatan. During the pandemic, it can be said that it has not experienced the problem of bad debts which is so meaningful. So this attracted researchers to further examine the factors that affect the return of KUR by farmers in coffee farming in Runjung Agung District, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan District. The focus of this study will be to review more deeply what factors affect the repayment of KUR on coffee farming in Runjung Agung District, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan District (ownership status, income from coffee farming, land area, coffee farming costs, number of family dependents, loan amount, and credit repayment period)
Potential Identification and Business Development Strategies for Freshwater Fish Cultivation in Ogan Komering Ulu District Dwisepti, Betaria; Munajat, Munajat; Efrianti, Rini
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i3.126

Abstract

Freshwater aquaculture is one of the businesses that have promising prospects. From an economic point of view, this business provides promising benefits. With good processing, freshwater fishery commodities become superior. This research aimed to identify and analyze the potential for developing freshwater aquaculture in Ogan Komering Ulu District and finding strategies to establish the potential for developing freshwater aquaculture businesses in Ogan Komering Ulu District. The method in this study used the survey method. The data collection method is an exploratory qualitative data collection method. The data analysis technique used is allocation Quotient (LQ) analysis, Shift-Share analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results of the study found that the freshwater aquaculture business in Ogan Komering Ulu District can be developed using strengths using existing opportunities and this is a very good situation where Ogan Komering Ulu District has freshwater aquaculture business by taking advantage of existing opportunities. The strategy that can be used is the SO Strategy, namely (Strength and Opportunities), which is a strategy that optimizes strengths to take advantage of opportunities (opportunities), namely optimizing land by utilizing the Ogan river as cages/fish ponds, increasing the role of the government in supporting the marketing of products. freshwater fish production at OKU and increased production to meet market demand.
Strategies to Increase Income for Semi-technical Irrigated Rice Farming in Pengandonan Subdistrict, Pengandonan District, Ogan Komering Ulu Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Munajat, Munajat; Sari, Yunita
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v6i3.127

Abstract

Rice farming is one of the production activities in agriculture carried out by farmers, including those carried out by farmers in the Pengandonan district of Ogan Komering Ulu regency. Farmers run their Rice farming business to get their family's source of income to meet the needs of life and improve the level of welfare of farmers. This study aims to determine the amount of income for half-technical irrigated Rice farming and determine the strategy of increasing the income of half-technical irrigated Rice farming in the Pengandonan District. The research was carried out in Pengandonan District, Ogan Komering Ulu regency, which was carried out from March to July 2022 using survey and interview methods and filling out questionnaires. The data collected are primary and secondary. The sampling technique uses a simple random method on a sample of farmers as respondents where the number of farmers is determined by the solving method. The data analysis method uses R/C ratio analysis and SWOT analysis by considering internal factors or IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Strategic) and external factors or EFAS (External Factor Analysis Strategic). The results showed that the half-technical irrigated rice farming business in the Pengandonan sub-district is profitable with an R/C ratio of 2.8 and the strategy of increasing the income of half-technical irrigated Rice farming in the Pengandonan sub-district is a diversification strategy, namely by utilizing the high motivation of farmers by participating in the AUTP (Rice Anticipation Insurance) program as a crop failure due to pest and disease attacks, always optimize the adoption rate of technology as well as involve more labor in the family in farming activities, increase the intensity of meetings with agricultural officials in overcoming pest and disease attacks, and optimize land conditions by improving irrigation systems.