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Karbonasi Pelepah Sawit Yemita, Sylvia; Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm fronds only used as a source of raw materials for animal feed, compost and organic fertilizer in the garden area so far. The heating value of palm fronds is 17.200 kJ/kg. The heating value can be improved by conducting carbonization process. Carbonization is a method to process biomass into solid fuel without oxygen where the temperature range is between 400-600 °C. The aim of this study is to produce a solid fuel from palm fronds by using carbonization process, to know the characteristics of products and to see the influence of reaction temperature, carbonization time and particle size of product towards heating value and volatile matter content. Carbonization temperature used were 400, 500, 600oC, carbonization time used were 90, 120, 150 minutes, and particle size used were 2, 4, 6 cm. Processing data in this study was conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by using Design Expert 7.0.0 program which is experimental design determined by Central Composite Design (CCD). The highest result of heating value was 28.469 kJ/kg at 400oC for 150 minutes and particle size 2 cm. The highest result of volatile matter content was 21,14 %-wt at 670oC for 120 minutes and particle size 4 cm. Significant process condition affecting the heating value was temperature and carbonization time. However, the condition affecting the volatile matter content were carbonization temperature, carbonization time and particle size.Keywords: Carbonization, Heating Value, Palm Frond, Volatile Matter.
Alkaline Treatment of Oil Palm Frond Fibers by Using Extract of Oil Palm EFB Ash for Better Adhesion toward Polymeric Matrix Warman Fatra; Randi Sanjaya; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Hari Rionaldo; Zuchra Helwani
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 47 No. 5 (2015)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.5.3

Abstract

In Indonesia, 187 million tons of biomass were produced from 8.11 million ha of oil palm plantation in 2009. This massive amount of biomass mainly consists of oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), which are normally categorized as waste. The properties of OPF fibers compared to those of synthetic fibers, such as low density, low cost, less abrasion of equipment, and safer production, makes them an attractive reinforcement for composite materials. In this work, the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash for OPF fiber-polyester resin composite and the effect of process conditions were studied. Water absorption, tensile and flexural strength were used to characterize the effects of alkaline treatment on modified OPF fibers in polyester resin. The investigation focused on the effect of alkaline treatment time. Treatment temperature and liquid to solid ratio were analyzed using Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). The highest tensile strength (44.87 MPa) was achieved at 12 hours soaking time, at 40°C treatment temperature and 5:1 water to ash ratio. The highest flexural strength (120.50 MPa) was obtained at 1.3 hours soaking time, 4 dissolving ratio and 35°C treatment temperature. The lowest water absorption of composite (3.00%) was achieved at the longest soaking time (14.7 hours), 4 dissolving ratio and 35°C treatment temperature. Variance of soaking time, dissolving ratio and temperature in the alkaline treatment process using extract of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash significantly affected the mechanical and physical properties of the oil palm frond fibers reinforced composite.
SIMULASI TERMODINAMIKA GASIFIKASI BLACK LIQUOR PABRIK PULP LARUT KRAFT SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI TERBARUKAN Hamsar Hamsar; Zuchra Helwani; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (415.872 KB) | DOI: 10.31258/jst.v16.n2.p48-53

Abstract

Industri pulp di Riau menghasilkan 8,5 juta ton black liquor/tahun, merupakan biomassa dengan panas pembakaran 13,8 MJ/kg sehingga memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif dan terbarukan. Salah satu teknologi pengolahan black liquor adalah proses gasifikasi yang dapat menghasilkan gas bakar tipe medium. Penelitian ini mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses gasifikasi black liquor menjadi gas sintesis, dengan melakukan simulasi proses dalam entrained flow gasifier menggunakan agen gasifikasi oksigen. Beberapa tahap yang dipergunakan untuk menunjukkan seluruh proses gasifikasi, yaitu dekomposisi/pirolisis black liquor, pembakaran zat volatile, gasifikasi arang/char dan pemisahan gas-padatan. Umpan black liquor yang digunakan dengan nilai ultimate (basis kering): 34,0% C; 3,2% H; 4,8% S; 35,8% O, 18,2% Na; 3,1% K; 0,1% N; dan nilai proksimat (basis kering): kadar air 19,3%; zat volatile 38,3%, fixed carbon 11,8%; abu 30,6%. Variabel penelitian: temperatur 600-1200oC, ER 0,2-0,5 dan tekanan 1-35 atm. Pada tekanan 10 atm dan ER 0,5, peningkatan temperatur 600 sampai 1200oC menyebabkan produk syngas bertambah (41,21-81,45%), mengurangi konversi CH4 (8,96-6,04%) dan CO2 (9,28-3,79%). Equivalent ratio berpengaruh terhadap temperatur proses gasifikasi, optimal antara 0,5. Menaikkan tekanan operasi gasifier tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap produk komposisi syngas, tetapi desain tekanan tinggi operasi untuk mempertimbangkan penggunaan alat yang lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga akan mengurangi biaya investasi, tekanan optimal adalah 10 atm.
Pemanfaatan Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Katalis Asam Dalam Proses Esterifikasi Gliserol Sebagai Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Triyana Defi; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced about 10% of the amount of biodiesel. Glycerol can be processed into economic products such as triacetin. Triacetin is a triesther of glycerol and acetic acid that can be applied as additive in the field of food or non food. Triacetin can be produced through estherification of glycerol and acetic acid by using palm fly ash as the solid acid catalyst. The aim of this research was to determined the characteristic of the palm fly ash as solid acid catalyst and determined the influence of the catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification toward the conversion of glycerol. Variation that used were concentration of catalyst 1, 2, 3% of acetic acid mass, mol ratio of reactan 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and time of estherification 1, 2, and 3 hours. The estherification temperature was 100oC. The characteristic of palm fly ash catalyst of acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increasing after activation process. The conversion of glycerol increased by the increasing of catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification. The highest conversion gain at concentration of catalyst 1%, mol ratio of reactan 1:9, and time of estherification 3 hours is 47.41%.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.
Torefaksi Tandan Kosong Sawit : Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Nilai Kalor Produk Torefaksi Al Qohyum Fernando; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Empty fruit bunches can be used as alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within temperature range of 200-300oC in an inert condition. The aim of this research was to determine the condition of the process to the increase in calorific value torrefaction product. Torrefaction of empty fruit bunch was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275oC), time (15-45 minutes) and particle size (2-6 cm). Results of the research is the calorific value and the proximate analysis torrefaction products such as moisture content, ash content, volatile content, and the content of fixed carbon. Torrefaction product calorific value in the range 17091,03-20697,13 kJ/kg.Keywords: biomass, empty fruit bunches, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Pembuatan Bahan Bakar Padat Dari Pelepah Sawit Dengan Menggunakan Gliserol Sebagai Perekat Firman Tampubolon; Zuchra Helwani; Komalasari Komalasari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy source globally and economically and also an environmentally friendly energy source. One of the potential agricultural wastes that can be used as an alternative fuel is oil palm fronds. The heating value of oil palm fronds is 17.200 kJ/kg. The heating value can be improved by conducting carbonization process followed by densification. With carbonization the smoke forming elements can be minimized, so that the exhaust gas is cleaner. Biomass densification aims to increase density and reduce handling problems such as storage and transportation. The heat value can be increased again by adding an adhesive in the form of glycerol which has a heating value 25.175 kJ/kg. The aim of this study is to produce a solid fuel from oil palm fronds by using carbonization process and to know the characteristics of products. This study aims to produce solid fuel using the densification process of oil palm fronds carbon obtained from the carbonization process, knowing the effect of adhesive composition and compacting pressure in the manufacture of products and knowing the heating value of the products produced. The particle size used where 20 mesh and the adhesive composition used where 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 %wt. Compacting pressure used where 50, 75 and 100 bar. Data processing in this study was obtained by proximate analysis, density, and using a bomb calorimeter. The highest heating value obtained was 24.604 kJ/kg from the briquette product with the adhesive composition 70:30 and the compacting pressure 50 bar. While for the lowest heating value obtained at 20.693 kJ/kg on briquettes which adhesive composition 90:10 and compacting pressure 100 bar. Process conditions that have a significant effect on heating value are adhesive compositions and compacting pressures.Keywords: densification, glycerol, carbonization, heating value, oil palm fronds
Disain Alat Utama Menara Distilasi De-Ethanizer Pada Prarancangan Pabrik Benzene, Toluene, Dan Xylene (BTX) Menggunakan Proses Cyclar BP/UOP Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are petrochemical products made from naphtha through a catalytic formation process. Benzene and toluene are some of the products that are widely used in chemical raw materials. One of them is toluene, Toluene is used as a solvent and intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals, high octane components and gasoline, while the need for pxylene is increasing. With the increasing demand for polyester fibers and films. The designed factory production capacity is 602,606 tons per year. One of the main separation tools in this plant is the De-ethanizer. This distillation is designed to separate hydrogen gas, methane, and ethane from the naphtha mixture. De-Ethanizer has operating conditions with a feed temperature of 289 Kelvin, a distillate temperature of 216 Kelvin and a bottom temperature of 306 Kelvin and a pressure of 7,01 bar. The de-etanizer feed flow rate is 147229,0473 lb/hour with the gas phase in the form of a mixture of hydrogen, methane, ethane, and naphtha. The distillate flow rate is 10763,0445 lb/hour with the gas phase in the form of a mixture of hydrogen, methane, and ethane and the bottom flow rate is 136491,2049 lb/hour with the liquid phase in the form of naphtha. The shell material used is SA-285 grade C stainless steel. De-Ethanizer distillation is designed with a height of 9,64 meters, a shell thickness of 1 in and has 20 plates with a sieve tray type. Keyboard: BTX, De-Ethanizer, catalityc reforming, sieve tray
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung Dengan Katalis Na2SiO3/Serbuk Besi : Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Recycle Katalis Febrian Adhitya; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

This research purpose to synthesis biodiesel from calophyllum inophyllum oil by transesterification reaction using heterogeneous base catalyst Na2SiO3/iron powder. Catalyst was synthesized from fly ash palm oil which supported by iron powder. Synthesis biodiesel on transesterification reaction with the independent variables of this research variations is agitation rate of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm and catalyst can be recycledas much as 3 times for every variation of agitation rate. These conditions aim to determine its effect on the yield of biodiesel produced. Condition operation the transesterification are mol ratio of oil : methanol 1 : 9 and loading catalyst 3%-w of oil feedstock with temperature reaction 60°C during 2 hours reaction time. Physical characterization were done such as density 867 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 3,96 mm2/s, acid number 0,48 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 147°C respectively accordance with the Indonesian National Standard. (SNI 7182:2015).Keyword: Agitation Rate, Biodiesel, Esterification, Calophyllum inophyllum oil, Catalyst, Recyle and Transesterification.
Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Geopolimer Dari Abu Sekam Padi Dan Kaolin M. Wahyu Nugraha; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel produced from vegetable oil triglycerides transesterification reaction. Besides being derived from renewable sources, biodiesel generate emissions better than diesel. Utilization of vegetable oils such as potential as Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil as raw material biodiesel because it is non-edible. It is necessary to develop catalyst technology in order to get the production process becomes more economical, applicable, and environmentally friendly, one of the catalysts is rice husk ash (RHA) geopolymer. The geopolymer synthesized by reacting sodium silicate, metakaolin, NaOH, and water. Characterized geopolymer produced include alkalinity, surface morphology, elemental composition, and surface area. The variation of process variables conducted to assess the effect on the yield of biodiesel. Independent variable weight of oil 50 grams, mole ratio methanol:oil 9: 1, reaction time 120 minutes, and temperature of 65 °C, with the dependent variables %w/w catalyst 0.79%-2.2% and stirring rate 117-682 rpm. The result of physical characterization density 866 kg /m3, viscosity 4.13 mm2/s, acid number of 0.42 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 140 °C meet the SNI standards (SNI 7182: 2015).Keywords: Biodiesel, Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Catalyst, Geopolymer, Rice Husk Ash
Esterifikasi Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Dan Asam Asetat Menjadi Triacetin Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Bettry Rifani; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuel which is made from triglycerides by transesterification alcohol processed and made 10% of byproducts is glycerol. One of the derivative products from glycerol is triacetin. Triacetin have many uses as additives in food and non food products. The research purpose is proccessed of glycerol as byproduct from biodiesel into triacetin using esterification method with catalyst fly ash on the variation concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) of catalyst, reactant mole ratio (1: 5, 1: 7 and 1: 9) and variation of esterification time (1, 2 and 3 hours) towards glycerol conversion. Data processing used the response surface methodology (RSM) and the experimental design used is central composite design. Fly ash catalyst characteristics such as acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increased after activation. The highest glycerol conversion obtained was 79.94% at a concentration of 3% catalyst, reactant mole ratio of 1: 9 and esterification time of 3 hours. Increasing concentrations of the catalyst, reactants mole ratio and time of esterification increase the conversion of glycerol. Esterification time is the most influential factor to increase conversion of glycerol in the production of triacetin.Keywords: catalyst, fly ash, esterification, glycerol, triacetin
Co-Authors Abd , Ammar Ali Abd Rahman, Sunarti Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Adrianto Ahmad Afriyenti, Mia Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad, Khairunnas Ahmudi, Ali Al Qohyum Fernando Amir Awaluddin Amun Amri Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anggraini, Diva Putri Anggriani, Rara Dewi Anna Apryana Anuar, Kaspul Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Arya Wiranata Asal Felix Mandrofa Asep Rusyana Aswie, Viqha Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Boy M Bachtiar Boy M. Bachtiar Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dhani Nur Miftahudin Diana S. Ningsih Dizikri, Dizikri Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrian Adhitya Febrina Dwi Putri Febrina Dwi Putri, Febrina Dwi Febrina, Wetri Febryanto Febryanto Fernando, Rivo Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Ghazi M. Idroes Ghazi Mauer Idroes Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hafiz, Fadlillahi Hamsar Hamsar Hanafi, Muhammad Rifter Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hasrul Hasrul Hawa, Karfika Ainil Hawa, Karfika Ainil Heni Sugesti Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Hutagaol, Martiandes Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idroes, Ghazi M. Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Indarty, Rozanna Sri Irfan Sarhadi Akbar Jecky Asmura Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Julhijah, Noni Karfika Ainil Hawa Karina Octaria Putri Kemala, Pati Kesni Savitri Kesni savitri Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairat Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komang, Hendri Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Vanizra F. Lukman Arifin M. Wahyu Nugraha Maulana, Aga Maulydia, Nur B. Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Dian Rizky Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Mardhiansyah Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muhammad Zen, Muhammad Muliadi Ramli Mulya, Dynna Ardilla Putri Muslim Abdurrahman, Muslim Mustapa Ardi Nabela, Tasya Nasution, Muhammad Hatta Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha Neonufa, Godlief Frederick Ni putu Vidya Primarista Ningsih, Diana S. Nirmala Sari Nur B. Maulydia Nur Khairiati Nurfatihayati Nurwijayanti Oktriyono, Febri Dwi Olsy, Fradilla Othman, Mohd. Roslee Pati Kemala Peliciamanuela, Samantha Prasetyo Arva S, Prasetyo Arva Pratama, Teddy Pratama, Yudistira Putra Zelly Nugraha, Putra Zelly Putra, Bayu Eldino Putra, Yogi Lesmana Putri Anjani Putri, Karina Octaria Putri, Karina Octaria Qalbi, Tiffani Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahayu, Ricky Puji Rahman, Sunarti Abd Raja Heru Nur Alam Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam Ramdhani Asywal Randi Sanjaya Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rendy Putra Perdana Reno Susanto Reski, M. Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rinaldi Idroes Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Rizki, Juliana Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Saparullah, Zulkarnaen Sari ' Ulfayana Saryono Saryono Setiadi, Fydel Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Simbolon, Kristin Madelin Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah Sitorus, Mesakh Fridolin Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sugesti, Heni Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Sukatin, Sukatin Sunarno Sunarno Surya, Andry Pratama Susanty, Wenny Susilowati Susilowati Syafi’i, Abdullah Syafrima Wahyu Syahputra, Dede Syaiful ' Bahri SYAIFUL BAHRI Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tengku Mukhlis Teuku Rizky Noviandy Topan Herianto Trina E. Tallei Trina E. Tallei, Trina E. TRINA EKAWATI TALLEI Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia Triyana Defi Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama Ulima, Riris Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Vito Oktariandi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Yemita, Sylvia Yogi Chandra Yudha, Ricky Satria Z Zulfansyah Zahriah, Zahriah Zohera Zohera Zul Amraini, Said Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar