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Bahan Bakar Padat Dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Menggunakan Proses Torefaksi; Variasi Suhu Dan Ukuran Bahan Baku Eferius Mendrofa; Komalasari Komalasari; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) can be used as alternative energy source by using torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a pre-treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within temperature range of 200-300 oC in an inert condition. The aim of this research was producing solid fuel from oil palm EFB and studyng the effect of process variabel towards characteristic of solid fuel that was resulted. Torrefaction of EFB was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275 oC) and particle size (5-15 mm). The quality of product that analyzed was calorific value, mass yield, energy yield and proximate (moisture content, ash content, volatile content and fixed carbon). The result of research was obtained for calorific value was 18362.17-20113.19 kJ/kg, mass yield was 52.15-77.85% and energy yield was 65.82-90.00%. The result proximate analysis such as moisture content was 1.22-1.35%, ash content was 6.97-13.59%, volatile content was 35.71-56.64%, and fixed carbon was 33.45-52.13%. From the result that was obtained, the effect of rising temperature given increasing to the calorific value, energy yield, ash content, and fixed carbon.Keywords: palm empty fruit bunches, biomassa, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Basa Heterogen Naca-Geopolimer Mustapa Ardi; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is a product of transesterification reaction fat/oil and methanol with the aid of catalyst. Catalysts is commonly used in the production of biodiesel is strong base catalysts such as NaOH and KOH which is difficult to separate from the product of the reaction because it has the same phase as the reactant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop catalyst technology in order to get the production process becomes more economical, applicable and environmentally friendly, one of the catalyst is geopolymer. Geopolymers are synthesized by reacting sodium silicate, metakaolin, and bottom ash. Geopolymers is used in transesterification reaction. The process variables are weight of oil 50 grams, stirring rate 400 rpm, reaction time 120 minutes, and temperature of 65 oC, with catalyst 2% (w/w) and mole ratio of methanol:oil 1:12. The yield of biodiesel 88.04% with density 875 kg/m3, viscosity 4.27 mm2/s, the acid number of 0.29 mg-KOH/g biodiesel, the flash point 140 °C and alkyl ester level of 99,91% comply with the SNI standards (SNI 7182: 2015). Keywords: biodiesel, calophyllum inophyllum oil, geopolymer, transesterification, yield
Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis CaO Yang Diimpregnasi Dengan Limbah Serbuk Besi Muhammad Rahman; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Off-grade oil is a raw material for biodiesel that has ALB levels> 2% so that the production of biodiesel made by two stage reaction, the esterification and transesterification. In general, biodiesel is produced using homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts can be replaced by a heterogeneous catalyst. CaO catalyst has a high alkalinity but has shortcomings in the process of separation of the reaction products. Waste iron powder can be used as a support and to provide a catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 metal forming properties. This study aims to create a catalyst that has a high alkalinity and metallic, and study the performance of the catalyst in the transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade. Esterification process were reacted at 60°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:12 and 1% H2SO4 catalyst -b. The esterification reaction can reduce levels of ALB from 12.47% to 0.36%. Transesterification is done by varying the mole ratio of oil: methanol in a row is 1: 6, 1: 8 and 1:10, the amount of catalyst modification 1% -b, -b 2%, 3% -b, a reaction temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and the reaction time 2 hours. Processing data using Response Surface Area (RSM), the amount of attack using Central Composite Design (CCD). The resulting yield ranging from 23.19% to 52.34%. The highest yield obtained at 70°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:10 and the amount of catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 1%-b. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel. The most significant process conditions to yield biodiesel is the ratio of the mole ratio of oil: methanol and the amount of catalyst.Keywords : Biodiesel, Catalyst, Off-grade Palm Oi, Transesterification, Wasted Iron
Perancangan Algoritma Komputasi Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) Arini Puspita Ramadhanti; Zuchra Helwani; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Heat integration is a method used to increase energy efficiency in a circuit that process with utilizing the energy potential of other process units. The utilization of the energy potential ofother process units can be done with the installation of the Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) which aims to save usage utility either steam or cooling water, so that the production cost can beminimized. Design HEN need analysis, start from the analysis of the minimum energy efficient in a network that is calculate the Maximum Energy Recovery (MER) targets, design heat exchanger network system that is network design. In this research, the MER calculation using the temperature interval and network design using the pinch method. Goals at this research is to generate algorithm computation and tools computation for design HEN. Algorithm computation of MER calculation with temperature interval method consist of input, problem tablecomputation, cascade diagram computation and output. Algorithm computation of network design with pinch method consist of identification the flow on hot side and cold side, identification sream matching at hot side and cold side, calculation of heat (Q) of heat exchangers, analysis heat (Q) of heat exchanger, and analysis hot utility ( H Q ), cold utility, and(QC ) dan T . At MER calculation was obtained minimum hot utility ( hmin Q ), minimum cold utility ( cmin Q ), and pinch temperature ( pinch T ). Sythesis HEN was displayed in Grid Diagram. Design algorithm of computation was simulated by Java programming that is displayed by Graphical User Interface (GUI).Kata kunci : heat integration, Heat Exchanger Network (HEN), Maximum Energy Recovery (MER), network design, pemoraman Java. 
Pemanfaatan Zeolit Alam Sebagai Katalis Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Sawit Off Grade Sari ' Ulfayana; Syaiful ' Bahri; Zuchra ' Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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Indonesia has abundance reserves of natural zeolite and hasn’t been used to the fullest purpose. Zeolite has many advantages, such as environmental friendly and economical properties of molecular sieves that could potentially be developed as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from palm off grade. This study aims to produce biodiesel from low quality raw materials and determine the effectiveness of the process by looking at the effect of process conditions such as reaction temperature, molar ratio and catalyst concentration on the yield of biodiesel. The process of making biodiesel is done with a two-stage reaction that is esterification and transesterification reactions because the raw materials had a hight free fatty acid levels. Processing of the data in this study conducted by response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 8.0 program, which is  experimental design  determined by central composite design (CCD), which consists of three variables. The highest biodiesel obtained as much as 97.79%-wt under the conditions, 60°C reaction temperature, 8:1 molar ratio and 3%-wt catalyst concentration. Characteristics of biodiesel produced will be analyze, that is density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point, accordance to Indonesian biodiesel standards. Process conditions that give real effect on the yield of biodiesel produced is the reaction temperature and catalyst concentration. Keywords  :  biodiesel, esterification, natural zeolite, palm off grade, transesterification.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menggunakan CaO/Fly Ash Sebagai Katalis Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Viqrie Wahyudi; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Indonesia needs the development of renewable energy. Biodiesel is one of renewable energy that formed as liquid fuel and has same property with petrodiesel. Biodiesel is able to be synthesis from off-grade palm oil using CaO/fly ash as catalyst in transesterification process. Employing fly ash as support in CaO has a good impact due to environmentally friendly, good economic potential and the utilization of Ca compound in fly ash. Biodiesel production in this study aims is to see the influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol and oil and concentration of CaO/fly ash towards biodiesel yield. The process was conducted through reaction of esterification and followed by transesterification reaction. Processing the data in this study was conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 7.0 program which is experimental design determined by Central Composite Design (CCD) which consists of three variables. The highest result of biodiesel yield was 59,34% at 70oC reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil 6 : 1 and catalyst concentration of CaO/fly ash 6%-w. Biodiesel characteristics like as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value and flash point has been appropriate by Indonesian biodiesel standard. The most significant process condition affecting the yield of biodiesel was catalyst concentration.Keywords: biodiesel, off-grade palm oil, catalyst, fly ash, transesterification
Preparasi Katalis CaO/Fly Ash Dan Penggunaannya Pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Robi Maulana; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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A palm fly ash supported calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst was prepared and used in transesterification from off-grade palm oil for biodiesel production. The catalyst synthesized by loading CaO of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) into fly ash through impregnation method. The optimum catalyst preparation conditions were determined by influence of calcination temperature and weight ratio of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and fly ash. Catalyst with highest catalytic activity was achieved when calcined at 800 oC and proportion of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O to fly ash is 80:20. Under the conditions of oil : methanol ratio of 1:6, catalyst dosage of 6 wt% and temperature of 70 oC for 2 h, the biodiesel yield reaches to 71,77%. CaO, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and Ca2SiO4 were found in the catalyst through X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the basic strength of the catalyst H_ > 9,3 was determined by using Hammett indicator phenolphthalein. Surface area of the developed catalyst is 24,342 m2/g through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Characteristics of biodiesel such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, flash point has been matched with standard for biodiesel specification of Indonesia.Keywords: calcium oxyde, catalyst, fly ash, biodiesel, off-grade palm oil, impregnation,calcination, transesterification.
Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Heterogen Nh4-Geopolimer Ganis Kharisma Wiranti; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels that have the advantage of producing less gas emissions and higher combustion efficiency. Biodiesel is produced by transesterification reaction of vegetable oil. During the process of making biodiesel usually used NaOH or KOH as homogeneous catalyst which has the disadvantage of formation side products such as soaps and complexity of the separation of catalyst because having the same phase. Therefore, in this study biodiesel was synthesized from calophyllum inophyllum oil using geopolymer catalyst. Geopolymer was synthesized by mixing sodium silicate, metakaolin, sodium hydroxide, aquadest, and ammonium nitrate. The process variables are weight of oil 50 grams, stirring rate 400 rpm, reaction time 120 minutes, and temperature of 65 oC, with catalyst 3% (w/w) and mole ratio of methanol:oil 1:12. The yield of biodiesel 94,14% with density 881,17 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 3,66 mm2/s, the acid number of 0,25 mg-KOH/g biodiesel, and the flash point 146°C respectively accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel (SNI 7182:2015). Keywords: biodiesel, callophyllum inophyllum oil, geopolymer, transesterification, yield
Hidrodeoksigenasi Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa L) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Mo/Lempung Andi Mulya Adha; Syaiful Bahri; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Bio-oil can be produced by hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis of terminalia catappa wood using Mo/Clay catalyst. Objective of this research is to produce bio - oil from catappa wood using hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis method, determine the effect of hydrodeoxygenation temperature and percentage of Mo/clay catalyst to the yield of bio - oil produced, as well as determine the effect of hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis on physical properties and chemical properties of bio - oil produced. Hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis process was carried out using catappa woody biomass 50 grams with -100 + 200 mesh sieve size, silinap 500 ml, variation Mo / clay catalyst to the biomass amounted to 0 %; 0,5 %; 1,5 % and 2,5 % by weight to biomass and hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis temperature variations are: 300, 310, 320, and 330°C. Results of this study produced bio - oil yields the largest on the use of Mo / clay catalyst 1,5 % by weight to biomass and temperature of 320°C which is 65,477 %. Characterization of physical properties of bio - oil measured of density of 0,909 g /ml, 1,797 cSt viscosity, acid number 30,089 mg NaOH / gram sample, 48 °C flash point and calorific value 44,725 MJ / kg. Respectively the characterization of the chemical properties of bio - oil using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC - MS) obtained some dominant chemical components such as: (2,4,4-trimethyl, 2-pentene), (2,2,4,4-tetramethyl, Pentane), (3 (3,3-dimethyl butyl), Cyclohexanone), (5,5-dimetyl, 2-Hexene), and (1-propene, 2-methyl, tetramer). Keywords: bio – oil, catappa wood, hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis, Mo/clay catalyst
Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Low Grade Crude Palm Oil (LGCPO) Menggunakan Katalis Sulfonated Carbon Nanospheres@Ferromagnetic (HSO3-CNSS@Fe3O4) Heru Kristianto; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is environmentally friendly. Catalysts is commonly used in the production of biodiesel is strong base catalysts which is difficult to separate from the product because it has the same phase as the reactant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop catalyst technology that is more economical, easy to implement, and environmentally friendly, such as sulfonated carbon nanospheres@ferromagnetic catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized by reacting granulated sugar, FeCl2, FeCl3, and the addition of ammonia through a hydrothermal carbonization process for further sulfonated using 98% concentrated sulfuric acid. The catalyst produced has a nanospherical shape with a size of 0.08-0.16 μm. The catalyst is then used in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. Optimum condition is reached at process variables LGCPO weight of 50 grams, stirring speed of 400 rpm, reaction time of 120 minutes, and temperature of 60 oC, with catalyst concentration of 1.5% (w/w) and molar ratio methanol:oil 1:9. The yield of biodiesel is 96.62% with density 878.67 kg/m3, viscosity 3.28 mm2/s, the acid number of 0.29 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and the flash point 127°C comply with the SNI standards (SNI 7182: 2015). Keywords: Biodiesel, carbon nanosphere, LGCPO, transesterification, yield
Co-Authors Abd , Ammar Ali Abd Rahman, Sunarti Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Adrianto Ahmad Afriyenti, Mia Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad, Khairunnas Ahmudi, Ali Al Qohyum Fernando Amir Awaluddin Amun Amri Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anggraini, Diva Putri Anggriani, Rara Dewi Anna Apryana Anuar, Kaspul Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Arya Wiranata Asal Felix Mandrofa Asep Rusyana Aswie, Viqha Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Boy M Bachtiar Boy M. Bachtiar Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dhani Nur Miftahudin Diana S. Ningsih Dizikri, Dizikri Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrian Adhitya Febrina Dwi Putri Febrina Dwi Putri, Febrina Dwi Febrina, Wetri Febryanto Febryanto Fernando, Rivo Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Ghazi M. Idroes Ghazi Mauer Idroes Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hafiz, Fadlillahi Hamsar Hamsar Hanafi, Muhammad Rifter Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hasrul Hasrul Hawa, Karfika Ainil Hawa, Karfika Ainil Heni Sugesti Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Hutagaol, Martiandes Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idroes, Ghazi M. Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Indarty, Rozanna Sri Irfan Sarhadi Akbar Jecky Asmura Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Julhijah, Noni Karfika Ainil Hawa Karina Octaria Putri Kemala, Pati Kesni Savitri Kesni savitri Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairat Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komang, Hendri Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Vanizra F. Lukman Arifin M. Wahyu Nugraha Maulana, Aga Maulydia, Nur B. Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Dian Rizky Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Mardhiansyah Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muhammad Zen, Muhammad Muliadi Ramli Mulya, Dynna Ardilla Putri Muslim Abdurrahman, Muslim Mustapa Ardi Nabela, Tasya Nasution, Muhammad Hatta Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha Neonufa, Godlief Frederick Ni putu Vidya Primarista Ningsih, Diana S. Nirmala Sari Nur B. Maulydia Nur Khairiati Nurfatihayati Nurwijayanti Oktriyono, Febri Dwi Olsy, Fradilla Othman, Mohd. Roslee Pati Kemala Peliciamanuela, Samantha Prasetyo Arva S, Prasetyo Arva Pratama, Teddy Pratama, Yudistira Putra Zelly Nugraha, Putra Zelly Putra, Bayu Eldino Putra, Yogi Lesmana Putri Anjani Putri, Karina Octaria Putri, Karina Octaria Qalbi, Tiffani Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahayu, Ricky Puji Rahman, Sunarti Abd Raja Heru Nur Alam Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam Ramdhani Asywal Randi Sanjaya Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rendy Putra Perdana Reno Susanto Reski, M. Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rinaldi Idroes Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Rizki, Juliana Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Saparullah, Zulkarnaen Sari ' Ulfayana Saryono Saryono Setiadi, Fydel Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Simbolon, Kristin Madelin Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah Sitorus, Mesakh Fridolin Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sugesti, Heni Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Sukatin, Sukatin Sunarno Sunarno Surya, Andry Pratama Susanty, Wenny Susilowati Susilowati Syafi’i, Abdullah Syafrima Wahyu Syahputra, Dede Syaiful ' Bahri SYAIFUL BAHRI Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tengku Mukhlis Teuku Rizky Noviandy Topan Herianto Trina E. Tallei Trina E. Tallei, Trina E. TRINA EKAWATI TALLEI Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia Triyana Defi Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama Ulima, Riris Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Vito Oktariandi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Yemita, Sylvia Yogi Chandra Yudha, Ricky Satria Z Zulfansyah Zahriah, Zahriah Zohera Zohera Zul Amraini, Said Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar