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Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield Dan Kadar Lignin Pulp Pada Fraksionasi Rumput Perimping Dalam Media Asam Formiat Sherly Oktarizona,; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Perimping grass (Themeda gigantea) is a lignocellulosic biomassa which has not been utilized optimally. Fractionation of perimping grass can be converted into valuable products. The objectives the research is to study the effect of the process condition on pulp yield and lignin content in pulp. The effect of the process conditions were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Fractionation of perimping grass performed on a normal boiling point of the solution with a concentration of formic acid (60%, 70% and 80%), the reaction time of 60-180 minutes, solid liquid ratio of 10/1-20/1, 40 grams perimping grass, HCl catalyst 0,1% wt. The result shows that fractionation of perimping grass have yield pulp of 43,91% to 59,23% and lignin pulp 3,26% - 13,92%. The concentration of formic acid and reaction time influence each response significantly.Keywords: central composite design, formic acid, fractionation of biomass, perimping grass, response surface methodology
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Sawit Off Grade Menggunakan Zeolit Alam Teraktivasi Sebagai Katalis Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Romie Zulfadli; Zuchra Helwani; Syaiful Bahri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Indonesia has big amount of natural zeolite reserve which is spread in Sumatra, Java and Borneo. It can be utilized as catalyst in transesterification step to produce biodiesel from off grade palm fruit. This research aims to produce biodiesel from low quality raw material and determine the effectiveness of the process by looking at the process conditions effect such as temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration on the yield of biodiesel. Biodiesel production from off grade palm oil is done with two step reactions, that is esterification and transesterification. The esterification step is done to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) concentration till <2% as condition in transesterification step. Esterification step use H2SO4 as catalyst, whereas modified zeolite with KOH solution use in transesterification step. Both of process are done in three-neck flask, using magnetic stirrer and condenser. FFA concentration from raw material can be reduce from 11,32% to 0,989% in esterification step with 12:1 methanol/oil ratio, 60 oC temperature and 1%-wt catalyst concentration. Biodiesel with highest yield from transesterification step is 95,84% at 60 oC temperature, 8:1 methanol/oil ratio and 7,36% catalyst concentration. The result of research furthermore processed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the effect of process condition toward biodiesel yield. Based on P-value analysis, process conditions that have real effect to the response (biodiesel yield) are temperature and catalyst concentration. Keywords :  Biodiesel, Esterification, Natural Zeolite, Off Grade Palm Fruit, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Transesterification.
Hidrolisis Hemiselulosa Batang jagung Dengan Proses Organosolv menggunakan Pelarut Asam Formiat Desi Ivo Andri Ari; Zuchra Helwani; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Corn stalk is solid waste of agricultural which is not optimally utilized. Corn stalk used for pulp and paper raw materials and also used for feeding animal. The aim of hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk is to study the possibility of utilization corn stalks as raw material for chemical industry, to know the behaviour and to obtain the kinetics pattern of hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk in organosolv process. The experimental of hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk is carried out in a batch at laboratory scale. Experimental variables are, concentration of formic acid (70; 80; 90% wt), the reaction time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180 minutes) and ratio of liquid-solid is 10:1, with catalyst hydrochloric acid 0.2% wt. The experimental result shows that the hydrolysis of hemicellulose from corn stalk in organosolv process produce xylose and furfural which can be used as raw material in industry. Diluted xylose and furfural in black liquor in this experiment are xylose (0.88-3,78 gr/liter) and furfural (1.7-3.69 gr) with percentage of hemicellulose recovery range from 37-82%. The behaviour of  hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk in media formic acid show two series processes that have a different rate. Experimental conformity data exceeded 95% (R-square 95%) with the model hydrolysis of hemicellulose that proposed by Parajo et al [1993]. Key words: formic acid, hydrolysis of  hemicellulose, corn stalk, organosolv
Kaji Eksperimental Penggunaan Biosolar B40 Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Dengan Menggunakan Variasi Tekanan Pengabutan Pada Nosel Walter Valentino Sinaga; Romy Romy; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be used to replace fossil fuels such as Diesel, which are increasingly depleting. Biodiesel has a higher viscosity, density, and surface tension value than conventional fossil fuels. The level used by the Indonesian government is 20-30% Biodiesel content, which is then added with Diesel fuel. If the percentage level of Biodiesel is increased, there are several ways that can be used to improve engine performance, one of which is to adjust the fogging pressure. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing fuel injection pressure on diesel engine performance using Biosolar B40. The research was carried out by means of a diesel engine operated at a constant rotation of 900 rpm, and given a load of 2,500 kg/m2 to 15,000 kg/m2. To improve fuel atomization, the authors change the fogging pressure by rotating the adjusting screw contained in the fuel nozzle and then tested using an injector tester so that the pressure values are 110 bar, 120 bar, 130 bar, 140 bar, and 150 bar. The calculated parameters include Δh on the orifice, the volume of fuel used, fuel consumption time, and engine rpm. In the tests conducted, it was found that variations in injection pressure have an effect on engine performance parameters such as effective shaft power, brake mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency values, air fuel ratio, and specific fuel consumption which are better than standard pressure. Where for the best engine performance value at an injection pressure of 150 bar, with an effective shaft power of 3,775 kW at a maximum load of 15,000 kg/m2, the greatest value of bmep at a load of 15,000 kg/m2 is 665.415 N/m2, the best thermal efficiency at a load of 12,500 kg/m2 is 89.902 %, for a better air and fuel ratio with a value of 212.852 at a load of 2,500 kg/m2, and the smallest specific fuel consumption with a value of 0.0000235 kg/kW.s at a load of 12,500 kg/m2. Keywords: Injection Pressure, Biodiesel, B40, Engine Performance
Densifikasi Produk Karbonisasi Pelepah Sawit Menjadi Briket Menggunakan Crude Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Sebagai Filler Arief Maulana Ilham; Zuchra Helwani; Warman Fatra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Palm frond has been utilized only for raw source of animal feed, compost and organic fertilizer in plantation area. Oil palm fronds has calorific value of 17.200 kJ/kg. Calorific value can be enhanced by carbonization followed by densification. By carbonization, the elements of smoke maker is able to be minimalized, so it will produce the green exhaust gases. Biomass densification aims to increase density and decrease handling issue such as storage and transportation. Calorific value of densification product can be enhanced more by adding filler like crude glycerol that has calorific value of 25.932,75 kJ/kg. This research aims to produce bricket using densification form palm fronds, to know the impact of particle size, filler composition and pressing pressure in product forming also to know the resulted calorific value and compressive strength of resulted product. Particle size used were 60, 80 dan 100 mesh. Filler composition used were 90 : 10, 80 : 20 dan 70 : 30. Pressing pressure used were 80, 90 dan 100 bar. Highest calorific value resulted was 27.359 kJ/kg at 100 mesh particle size, filler composition of 90:10 and pressing pressure of 100 bar. Highest compressive strength resulted was 37,2 Kg/cm2 at 60 mesh particle size, filler composition of 90:10 and pressing sressure of 100 bar. The most affecting factor to calorific value and compressive strength are filler composition and pressing pressureKeywords: Densification, Carbonization, Compressive Strength, Calorific Value, Oil Palm Fronds
Bahan Bakar Padat Dari Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Proses Karbonisasi Dengan Variasi Ukuran Bahan Baku Dan Suhu Qurotullaili Qurotullaili; Komalasari Komalasari; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
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Abstract

Palm frond so far only used as a source of raw materials for animal feed, compost and organic fertilizer in the plantation. Palm frond has a calorific value of 15,184.05 kJ/kg. Utilization of palm frond as main material of solid fuel production with carbonization process can reduce the problem of oil palm plantations waste and can be increased the calorific value of product. The aims of this study is to produce solid fuel from palm fronds by using carbonization process and analyze solid fuel quality from palm frond with variation of raw material size and temperature. Variation of carbonization temperature were 450°C, 500°C and 550°C. Variation of raw material size 1.68 – 2.38 mm (-8 +10 mesh), 0.84 – 1 mm (-16 +20 mesh) and 0.42 – 0.5 mm (-32 +35 mesh). Water content were 3.66 – 4.86%, ash were 9.39 – 16.17%, volatile were 9.45 – 28.60% and fixed carbon were 57.26 – 70.01%. The highest caloric value was 28,410.94 kJ/kg for 550°C of carbonization temperature and 0.42 – 0.5 mm (-32 +35 mesh) of raw material size.Keywords : biomass, caloric value,carbonization, palm frond
Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Arang Batang Sawit Melalui Proses Karbonisasi Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology Mia Afriyenti; Zuchra Helwani; Warman Fatra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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Abstract

Palm oil trunk until this date is a waste which still not been used maximally, so palm oil trunk have potential to be used as alternative energy resource of solid fuel with the way of increasing its calorific value through carbonization process. Carbonization is converting process of biomass to become charcoal at temperature range 300-600 oC in inert condition. The objective of this research is to study the characteristics of resulted solid fuels. Palm oil carbonization used tube furnace as reactor within operating conditions of temperature (350, 400 and 450 oC), residence time (90, 120 and 150 minutes) and feed size (2, 4 and 6 cm). The analized responses were calorific value and volatile matter content. Obtained result for calorific value amounts 24,426.300-28,929.100 kJ/kg and volatile matter content amounts 8-19 %. The obtained analysis is processed using Design Expert v7.0.0 Trial Version. Processing data begins with using first order to see the degree of curvature. Degree of curvature obtained indicate the model to use is second order. Level of significance between variables can be observed from the value of P-value < 0,05 and lack of fit > 0,05, which indicate that model is suitable with the obtained data. R2 obtained for Y1 = 0.9486 and Y2 = 0.9704. The most influential factors to all responses are carbonization temperature followed with residence time and feed size. At optimum operating conditions (temperature 449,99 °C during 149,96 minutes with feed size 2 cm), the value of optimum responses obtained are Y1= 28.282,2 kJ/kg and Y2 = 9,234 %.Keywords : biomass, carbonization, optimization, palm oil trunk, rsm, solid fuel
Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sawit Off Grade Menggunakan Katalis Na2O/Fe3O4 Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Widya Yoesepha; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm oil off grade is one of feedstock biodiesel from preparation of over done and decomposed palm oil. This palm oil off grade have >5% free fatty acid composition, therefore need two process to produce biodiesel that is esterification dan transesterification. The purpose of this research is to produce heterogen basic catalyst from iron powder impregnation with Na2O and study the effect of condition process variation. The variation of transesterification process is temperature (50oC, 60oC and 70oC), mole ratio of oil : methanol (1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and catalyst concentration (1%-wt, 2%-wt and 3%-wt) as long as 3 hours. The result of this research was processed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the number of steps was determined by Central Composite Design (CCD). The highest yield of biodiesel is 79,52% at temperature60oC, mole ratio oil : methanol 1:8 and catalyst concentration 2%-wt. The result showed that the catalyst concentration influencing the yield of biodiesel.Keywords: biodiesel, heterogen catalyst, palm oil off grade, response surface methodology, transesterification
Pemanfaatan Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Melalui Proses Esterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Nur Khairiati; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced 10% of the total volume of biodiesel products. Glycerol can be processed into economic product such as triacetin . Triacetin made by estherification process of glycerol and acetic acid with the aid of flya ash as catalyst. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the catalyst fly ash and determine the influence of process variables (concentration of catalyst, reactant mole ratios and estherification time) on glycerol conversion. Catalyst concentration used were 1%, 2% and 3%. The mole ratio of glycerol: Acetic acid were 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9. Estherification time used were 1. 2 and 3 hours. Characteristic of fly ash catalyst such as surface area, the acidity and degree of crystallinity increased after activation. The highest conversion obtained was 53,33% at the operating conditions of catalyst concentration 3%, the mole ratio of reactant 1:9 and estherification time 3 hours. The increasing of catalyst concentration, mole ratio of reactant and estherification time increased the conversion of glycerol.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.
Pembuatan Komposit Serat Campuran Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS)/E-Glass Matriks Epoxy Dengan Metode Hand Lay-Up Rivo Fernando; Warman Fatra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is one of the palm oil plantation waste that has not been utilized optimally. EFB fiber has a good strength, low density, and it can be used for substituting synthetic fiber composite. However, the strength of EFB fibers is lower than that of synthetic fibers. In addition, EFB fibers also have a poor interface with the matrix and relatively high water absorption. Several methods can be used to increase the bonding strength between the fibers and matrix, alkaline treatment and the addition of coupling agent into the matrix. One of the coupling agent is Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR). The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of the ratio of EFB /E-Glass fibers, ratio of hybrid fibers and matrix as well as the addition of MNR on tensile strength, flexural strength and water absorption of EFB/E-Glass epoxy hybrid composite. The highest tensile strength (77.254 MPa) was obtained in the composition of 40% EFB fiber, 60% matrix and 9% MNR. The highest flexural strength (147.446 MPa) was obtained in the composition of 33.18% EFB fiber, 50% matrix and 10% MNR. The lowest water absorption (4.46%) was obtained in the composition of 40% EFB fiber, 40% matrix and 11% MNR. The results show that the tensile strength increases with the addition of EGlass. While the addition of the matrix and MNR does not significantly affect tensile strength. Flexural strength increases with increasing number of E-Glass and matrix. Keywords: Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB); Hybrid Reinforce; Alkaline Treatment; coupling agent; Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR)
Co-Authors Abd , Ammar Ali Abd Rahman, Sunarti Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Adrianto Ahmad Afriyenti, Mia Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad, Khairunnas Ahmudi, Ali Al Qohyum Fernando Amir Awaluddin Amun Amri Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anggraini, Diva Putri Anggriani, Rara Dewi Anna Apryana Anuar, Kaspul Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Arya Wiranata Asal Felix Mandrofa Asep Rusyana Aswie, Viqha Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Boy M Bachtiar Boy M. Bachtiar Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dhani Nur Miftahudin Diana S. Ningsih Dizikri, Dizikri Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrian Adhitya Febrina Dwi Putri Febrina Dwi Putri, Febrina Dwi Febrina, Wetri Febryanto Febryanto Fernando, Rivo Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Ghazi M. Idroes Ghazi Mauer Idroes Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hafiz, Fadlillahi Hamsar Hamsar Hanafi, Muhammad Rifter Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hasrul Hasrul Hawa, Karfika Ainil Hawa, Karfika Ainil Heni Sugesti Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Hutagaol, Martiandes Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idroes, Ghazi M. Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Indarty, Rozanna Sri Irfan Sarhadi Akbar Jecky Asmura Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Julhijah, Noni Karfika Ainil Hawa Karina Octaria Putri Kemala, Pati Kesni savitri Kesni Savitri Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairat Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komang, Hendri Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Vanizra F. Lukman Arifin M. Wahyu Nugraha Maulana, Aga Maulydia, Nur B. Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Dian Rizky Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Mardhiansyah Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muhammad Zen, Muhammad Muliadi Ramli Mulya, Dynna Ardilla Putri Muslim Abdurrahman, Muslim Mustapa Ardi Nabela, Tasya Nasution, Muhammad Hatta Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha Neonufa, Godlief Frederick Ni putu Vidya Primarista Ningsih, Diana S. Nirmala Sari Nur B. Maulydia Nur Khairiati Nurfatihayati Nurwijayanti Oktriyono, Febri Dwi Olsy, Fradilla Othman, Mohd. Roslee Pati Kemala Peliciamanuela, Samantha Prasetyo Arva S, Prasetyo Arva Pratama, Teddy Pratama, Yudistira Putra Zelly Nugraha, Putra Zelly Putra, Bayu Eldino Putra, Yogi Lesmana Putri Anjani Putri, Karina Octaria Putri, Karina Octaria Qalbi, Tiffani Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahayu, Ricky Puji Rahman, Sunarti Abd Raja Heru Nur Alam Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam Ramdhani Asywal Randi Sanjaya Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rendy Putra Perdana Reno Susanto Reski, M. Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rinaldi Idroes Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Rizki, Juliana Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Saparullah, Zulkarnaen Sari &#039; Ulfayana Saryono Saryono Setiadi, Fydel Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Simbolon, Kristin Madelin Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah Sitorus, Mesakh Fridolin Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sugesti, Heni Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Sukatin, Sukatin Sunarno Sunarno Surya, Andry Pratama Susanty, Wenny Susilowati Susilowati Syafi’i, Abdullah Syafrima Wahyu Syahputra, Dede Syaiful &#039; Bahri SYAIFUL BAHRI Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tengku Mukhlis Teuku Rizky Noviandy Topan Herianto Trina E. Tallei Trina E. Tallei, Trina E. TRINA EKAWATI TALLEI Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia Triyana Defi Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama Ulima, Riris Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Vito Oktariandi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Yemita, Sylvia Yogi Chandra Yudha, Ricky Satria Z Zulfansyah Zahriah, Zahriah Zohera Zohera Zul Amraini, Said Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar