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Yelmira Zalfiatri
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Journal : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

 1 
Paper Mill Sludge as a Substitute Material in Paving Blocks for a Sustainable Waste Management Approach Gunawan, Chandra; Fung, Liem Khe; Nul Hakim, Lukman; Wahyudi, Eko; Pramana, Angga; Zalfiatri, Yelmira
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jestm.v5i2.269

Abstract

This study evaluates the use of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in paving block production, focusing on compressive strength and economic feasibility. PMS was incorporated at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total fine aggregate weight. Compressive strength tests followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996), accompanied by production cost analysis. The results showed that 5% PMS achieved the highest compressive strength of 264.23 kg/cm², about 7.7% higher than the control 258.71 kg/cm², meeting the SNI quality class B (K200) standard. Meanwhile, 10% PMS reduced production costs by 6–8% while still satisfying the minimum requirement for K200 paving blocks (category B). This demonstrates a clear trade-off between mechanical performance and cost efficiency, where 5% PMS ensures maximum strength, while 10% PMS provides adequate strength with economic benefits. At lower levels, PMS fibers improved cement–aggregate bonding and reduced voids, whereas higher dosages (>10%) disrupted hydration and lowered strength. Practically, PMS utilization offers the paving block industry a sustainable and cost-effective alternative that reduces reliance on natural aggregates, supports waste valorization, and aligns with SNI standards for applications such as parking lots.
Co-Authors Adeline Palma Sari Agus Sutikno Ahmad Ibrahim Ahmad Ibrahim Roni Surya Hasibuan AINIL HIFDA DAULAY Akhyar Ali Andesmar Andesmar Angelia Angelia Angga Pramana Angga Pramana Angga Pramana, Angga Antoni, Fiki Fadel Arum Rovarti Ningsih Candra Efendi Hasibuan Carles Pernando Chandra Gunawan Chandra, Rani DAULAY, AINIL HIFDA Dewi Fortuna Ayu Dewi, Yossi Kharisma Dewi, Yossie Kharisma Dini Aji Pringgondani Eko Herianto EKO WAHYUDI Erizal Thoyeb eykel sura bema FADLA B. SYARIF Faizah Hamzah Faizah Hamzah Fajar Restuhadi Fajar Yuliandri Fakhruni Alisya Farida Hanum Hamzah Fung, Liem Khe GUSLIKO NURMAN Hakim Santo Hamzah, Farida Hanum Handoko, Tito Harsanto Mursyid Hasnah AR, Nur Hasnah, Nur Heni Adhianata, Heni Idwal Idwal Suripto Ilhamsyah Azri Imelda Yunita Ishak Alhafis Jum'atri Yusri Jum’atri Yusri Khairunnisa Amanda Kurnia, Ridho Lasron Pahala Tua Nainggolan Listya Eka Wati Luky Prasetyo M Fazil Marita TM Simbolon MELIYANA MELIYANA Mhd Andry Kurniawan Muhaiminati Adlina Muhammad Luthfi Muhammad Nur Cahyanto Netti Herawati Nita Rimayanti Nopiani, Yanti Noviar Harun Nul Hakim, Lukman NURMAN, GUSLIKO Pasaribu, Jekson Putra, Diswanto Putri Nada Sirait Rahmadini Payla Juarsa Rahmayuni Rahmayuni Rahmayuni Rahmayuni, Rahmayuni Rahot Manto Sinaga Raiyan Renadi Ramayuni Ramayuni Randa, Agustian RARA ANIRA Raswen Efendi Renadi, Raiyan Rika Afrianto Riza Fahlevi Rizky Zulhardi Rossi, Evy Rozikhin RUSLI RUSTAM Saitun, Saitun Shanti Fitriani Silaban, Mastrina Siti Nurhajijah SITI SANTUN MULIA Sunardi Setiaries Sunardi Supranto Supranto Suryo Purwono Taufiq Maulana Taufiq Maulana USMAN PATO Victor David Vonny Setiaries Johan Weni Mulyani Asfi Wulan Kumala Dewi Yasa Rudin Yelly Zamaya Yulia Citra Yuliandri, Fajar Yunisa, Fina Yusmarini Yusmarini Zulhardi, Rizky