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The Effect of Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality and Consumption on Poverty Levels in All Provinces in Indonesia Abdullah; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jiet.v9i2.59249

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of human development index (HDI), income inequality, and consumption on Indonesia’s poverty rate for 2018-2022. The approach used is quantitative with statistical panel data analysis method using 3 model approaches namely CEM, FEM, and REM. The selected model is the Fixed Effect Model as a result of the Chow and Hausman tests. The results showed that HDI and inequality variables had no significant effect on the poverty rate. Meanwhile, the consumption variable has a negative and significant effect on poverty. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable. This research is expected to provide input for the government in formulating poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia by focusing more on reducing public consumption. Research limitations on secondary data in aggregate so that the results are less representative for each province.
Analisis People Centered Development Model dalam Mengatasi Degradasi Lingkungan di Indonesia Musir, Oka; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Ekonomikawan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan Vol 25, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/ekonomikawan.v25i1.20918

Abstract

Environmental quality is a phenomena problem in Indonesia that includes high population, low human development index, and income inequality in both urban and rural areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of variables such as population, human development index, and income inequality on environmental quality in Indonesia. This research method uses panel data from 2015 to 2022 and covers 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This study found that population growth has no effect on environmental quality in Indonesia. In contrast, the human development index has a positive and significant effect on environmental quality in Indonesia. Meanwhile, income inequality has a negative and significant impact on environmental quality in Indonesia.
The Effect of Inflation, Government Spending and Exports on Economic Growth in Indonesia Susilawati, Susilawati; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Jurnal Magister Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 3 No. 2 Desember (2024): J-MES: Jurnal Magister Ekonomi Syariah
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jmes.2024.032-03

Abstract

This study examines the effect of inflation, government spending, and exports on Indonesia's economic growth in the period 1990–2023. The data used are time series data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The analysis method used is Vector Autoregression (VAR) with estimation through Eviews 13 software. The results of the analysis show that inflation has a negative but insignificant effect on economic growth. Government spending shows a significant positive effect, while exports have an insignificant negative impact. Overall, the dynamics of the three variables do not have a significant impact simultaneously on economic growth. However, the finding that government spending has a significant positive effect indicates the importance of optimizing state spending, especially if it is directed to strategic sectors that can increase national productivity. Negative inflation indicates the need for policies to maintain price stability. Although exports have not shown a strong influence, efforts to increase the competitiveness of export products remain relevant within the framework of long-term development. The originality of this study lies in the integration of three main macroeconomic variables in one VAR model to analyze their dynamic relationships. This approach provides a new contribution to the study of Indonesian macroeconomics and provides empirical evidence that can be used by policymakers in formulating sustainable economic growth strategies.
KETERKAITAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, JUMLAH PENDUDUK MISKIN, PENDIDIKAN DAN KESEHATAN: STUDI EMPIRIS JAWA TIMUR Mardiyatillah, Sakinah; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis Vol 30, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gunadarma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35760/eb.2025.v30i2.13663

Abstract

Hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, jumlah penduduk miskin, pendidikan dan kesehatan menjadi indikator penting untuk menganalisis pembangun ekonomi dalam suatu bangsa. Apakah jumlah penduduk miskin, pendidikan dan kesehatan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Peneliti bertujuan untuk mengetahui tolak ukur dan mendiskripsikan hubungan variabel bebas jumlah penduduk miskin yang diproksikan Tingkat Lama Sekolah (TPM), pendidikan yang diproksikan Lama Harapan Sekolah (LHS), kesehatan yang diproksikan Angka Harapan Hidup (AHH) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi (PDRB Per Kapital). Populasi yang dimasukkan dalam penelitian kota/kab provinsi di Jawa Timur. Sampel yang digunakan 38 kota/kab dan 304 data. Model analisis data yang digunakan yaitu regresi data panel dan diperoleh hasil model yang paling sesuai dengan penelitian adalah Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Penelitian menunjukkan hasil TPM tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, LHS serta AHH berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sedangkan, hasil uji F disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh secara simulthan variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap variabel terikat yaitu TPM, LHS dan AHH.
Determinants of Income Inequality Villages and Cities in Indonesia Juniati, Wike; Abdullah, Muhammad Latif; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i2.33980

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The image of development in Indonesia is getting worse when development progress is felt by the upper class. The segmentation of the upper and lower levels of society is reflected in the gap between life in the village and the city. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of income inequality based on the classification of villages, cities, and between villages and cities in Indonesia. The data analysis method used is panel data regression which is an analytical technique that is observed over a certain period. The data used is annual secondary data from 2016-2020 in 34 provinces of Indonesia. Inequality analysis is carried out by calculating the Gini index based on household expenditure data. Economic growth, population, human development index, domestic investment, technology development index, and employment opportunities are independent variables. The results of this study found that there was a significant negative relationship the technology development index and positive relationship population in city and between village and city areas. Then the variable employment opportunity have a significant negative relationship to income inequality in the village.
Kebijakan Pembangunan Nasional: dari Pertumbuhan (Growth) Menuju Kebahagiaan (Happiness) Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 50 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v50i1.171

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate the reorientation toward the national  development  policy  of  quantitative  macro  size  (growth) towards  a  more  qualitative  measure  (happiness).  The  test  results  of multiple  linear  regression  on  the  variable  value  of  public  happiness index  in  each  province  of  Indonesia  with  variable  poverty, income inequality  and  income  per  capita  shows  quite  interesting  results. Apparently, only the poverty variable has significant negative effect on the  happiness  index.  This  means  that  poor  people  in  Indonesia  who have  limitations  in  various  aspects  of  life  feel  the  lowest  levels  of happiness. Another interesting finding is that income and the income gap does not significantly influence the level of happiness of society. Therefore,  the  government  needs  to  pay  more  attention  to  various aspects  such  as  the  quality  of  family  life,  social  and  various  other aspects.
The Influence and Contribution of Macroeconomics to The Indonesian Sharia Stock Index for The Period 2011-2021 Mulyadi, Sandi; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Journal of Islamic Economic Laws Vol 6, No 1: January 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jisel.v6i1.21073

Abstract

This study aims to determine the impact of macroeconomic variables on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). The macroeconomic variables used are Industrial Production Index (IPI), Indonesian Sharia Bank Certificate (ISBC), Money Supply (MS), Exchange Rates (ER), Interest Rates (IR), and inflation. The observed data is in the form of monthly data for the period 2011 to 2021. The method used is to test the impact and contribution of VECM. The test results with the VECM model found that in the short term, all variables had no effect on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index, whereas, in the long term, IPI, ISBC, and inflation had a negative effect, and MS, ER, and IR had a positive effect, based on the IRF test showed that ISSI responding to fluctuations from all positive macroeconomic variables except inflation which responded negatively and the contribution of each macroeconomic variable was IPI (0.64), ISBC (2.01), MS (0.45), ER (0.64), IR (0.01), and inflation (1.16) against the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index.
The Effect of HDI and Macroeconomic Variables on Economic Growth in Indonesia 2015-2020 Soleman, Riky; Ebiyeska, Hedi; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur; Nainggolan, Basaria
Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jiet.v7i1.34641

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the achievement of human development based on several basic components of quality of life. HDI is built through a basic three-dimensional approach to measure the quality of life. These dimensions include life expectancy and health, knowledge, and a decent life. Stable inflation is a prerequisite for the realization of economic growth and social welfare. Different economic conditions and natural conditions make inflation between regions in Indonesia varied. This study aims to examine HDI, inflation, investment and labor on Indonesia's economic growth. The data source used in the form of panel data that obtained from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) for the 2015-2020 period. Using panel regression data with the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM) approach processed with E-Views 10. The results of this study indicate that the estimated model chosen in this study is Fixed Effect Models (FEM). The partial test shows that the HDI, CPI, and INV variables have a significant positive effect on economic growth. In contrast, the probability value of labor (L) does not have a significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, in the simultaneous test, the F-statistic probability value is 0.000000 < 0.05, which means that the four independent variables simultaneously affect economic growth. Furthermore, the Adjusted R-Square value is 0.0994749, which means 99% of the HDI, CPI, INV, and L variables in this study can explain the variation of economic growth variables. While the remaining 1% is explained by other variables outside the model.
The Effect of Income Inequality, Women's Empowerment, Unemployment and Population Density on Poverty in Aceh Province Mahendra, Weri; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur
Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jiet.v8i1.42803

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of income inequality, women's empowerment, unemployment, and population density on poverty levels in Aceh Province during 2017-2020. This study uses secondary data from 2017-2020 from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Aceh Province. The research method uses panel data regression analysis techniques, with the best model selection test obtained being the fixed effect model (FEM). The results showed that the variables of women's empowerment and population density significantly negatively affected the level of poverty. Meanwhile, income inequality and unemployment variables had no effect on the poverty level in Aceh Province in 2017-2020.
Determinan Utang Luar Negeri Di Negara D-8 Periode 2011-2020 Muhsin, An’nissa Miftahusnika Islami; Wibowo, Muhammad Ghafur; Amal, Muhammad Ahsanul
Ekono Insentif Vol 18 No 1 (2024): Ekono Insentif
Publisher : Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi Wilayah IV

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36787/jei.v18i1.1398

Abstract

Utang luar negeri di negara berkembang yang tergabung dalam D-8 masih menjadi isu penting yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut mengenai variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), Nilai Tukar (Kurs), dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah (Gt) terhadap utang luar negeri di negara D-8. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan model kausalitas yang menguji tujuh negara yang masuk dalam kriteria sampel. Melalui model fixed effect didapatkan hasil penelitian seperti variabel PDB dan nilai tukar memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap utang luar negeri negara D-8. Sedangkan, pengeluaran pemerintah tidak terbukti memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap utang luar negeri di negara D-8. Pengelolaan pada utang luar negeri ini perlu dilakukan untuk dapat memberikan hasil yang positif pada perekonomian itu sendiri. Maka dari itu, diperlukan penelitian mengenai factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya utang luar negeri di suatu negara.