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Performance Optimization of Image Cryptography for Copyright Protection on High-Resolution Images Using the Hill Cipher with Flexible Matrix Keys Miftakhul Rohman; Abd. Charis Fauzan; Veradella Yuelisa Mafula
Journal of System and Computer Engineering Vol 7 No 1 (2026): JSCE: January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pancasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61628/jsce.v7i1.2471

Abstract

The increasing use of high-resolution digital images has raised serious concerns regarding copyright protection and unauthorized distribution. Image cryptography is one of the effective approaches to safeguard visual data by transforming images into unintelligible forms. The Hill Cipher algorithm, which is based on matrix operations, has potential for image encryption; however, its application to high-resolution images often suffers from high computational cost. This study proposes a performance optimization of image cryptography for copyright protection by exploiting the flexibility of matrix key sizes in the Hill Cipher algorithm. The optimization focuses on improving computational efficiency without modifying the fundamental cryptographic mechanism. Experiments were conducted on high-resolution images using different matrix key sizes (2×2, 3×3, and 4×4). Performance was evaluated in terms of encryption and decryption time, while security robustness was assessed using Entropy, Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI). The experimental results demonstrate that increasing the matrix key size significantly reduces the total computation time, achieving up to nearly 50% performance improvement, while maintaining high security levels. The encrypted images exhibit entropy values close to the ideal level, NPCR values above 99%, and stable UACI values, indicating strong randomness and diffusion properties. These findings confirm that the proposed optimization improves computational performance without compromising cryptographic security. Therefore, the optimized Hill Cipher remains effective and suitable for copyright protection of high-resolution images.
The Impact of Gus Iqdam's Online Media on Religious Understanding and Participation in Sambidoplang Village Muhammad Fikri ‘Ainun Najib; MIFTAKHUL ROHMAN
Sultan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Sultan Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities
Publisher : Civiliza Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59525/sultan.v5i1.1997

Abstract

Advancements in information and communication technology have brought about fundamental changes in how religious teachings are disseminated within society. This transformation is marked by a shift in religious outreach practices from conventional settings to the digital realm a space that is more open, flexible, and interactive. Social media platforms like YouTube and TikTok no longer serve merely as sources of entertainment; they have become strategic mediums for conveying religious messages widely and effectively. In this context, the emergence of preachers who successfully leverage digital media represents a phenomenon worthy of scholarly examination. This study aims to analyze the influence of the online media utilized by Gus Iqdam on the religious understanding and participation of the community in Sambidoplang Village. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing a case study design and a phenomenological perspective to gain deep insight into the religious experiences of the congregation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings indicate that Gus Iqdam’s online media presence significantly enhances the community's religious understanding, particularly regarding practical aspects such as acts of worship and social ethics. His communicative, contextual, and humorous preaching style facilitates the internalization of religious values. Furthermore, an affective impact was observed, manifested as increased inner peace and a stronger emotional connection to religious teachings. Digital media also contributes to heightened religious participation, evident in both attendance at religious study gatherings and social interactions among congregants. These findings confirm that online media does not replace conventional religious practices; rather, it reinforces religious engagement and social cohesion within the community in the digital era.