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Intan Adevia Rosnarita
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus
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Tinjauan Naratif: Bawang Hitam (Allium sativum L.) sebagai Agen Nefroprotektif dan Perubahan Berat Badan pada Model Nefrotoksisitas Gentamisin Jauharotul Firdausiyah; Riana Putri Rahmawati; Intan Adevia Rosnarita
KOLONI Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): JUNI 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/koloni.v5i2.886

Abstract

Black garlic is the product of fermenting fresh garlic (Allium sativum L.), which is rich in bioactive compounds such as S-allyl cysteine, polyphenols, and flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These compounds have potential as nephroprotectors against gentamicin-induced kidney damage. This narrative review seeks to consolidate evidence regarding black garlic's nephroprotective mechanisms, dose-response patterns in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, and its impact on body weight variations. Literature was sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Sinta, covering the publication period 2020–2025, using the keywords black garlic; nephroprotective; nephrotoxicity; and Allium sativum. The results of the review indicate that S-allyl cysteine and flavonoids act by inhibiting ROS and increasing SOD, GPx, and CAT; suppressing NF-kB accompanied by a decrease in TNF-alpha and IL-6; regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio along with caspase-3 suppression, plus enhanced renal hemodynamics through nitric oxide.
Tinjauan Naratif: Efektivitas Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Black garlic (Alium Sativum L.) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Ureum Wulandari Pramuda Wardani; Intan Adevia Rosnarita; Hasriyani Hasriyani
KOLONI Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): JUNI 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/koloni.v5i2.923

Abstract

Acute kidney injury can be triggered by gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity due to drug accumulation in renal cortical epithelial cells, which increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated blood urea levels. Black garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a potent antioxidant that may neutralize oxidative stress and protect the kidney. This narrative review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of black garlic extract in lowering blood urea levels across various animal models of nephrotoxicity. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2025 using the keywords "black garlic", "blood urea", and "nephroprotective". A total of 3 relevant articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed in this review. The results show that administration of black garlic extract was consistently associated with reduced blood urea levels toward normal values in animal models induced by gentamicin as well as other nephrotoxic agents such as cisplatin and sodium benzoate. This blood urea reduction positively correlated with improved renal histopathology, characterized by decreased tubular necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, black garlic extract increased the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, black garlic extract also reduced caspase-3 expression, indicating inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, black garlic extract demonstrates potential as a nephroprotective agent in lowering blood urea levels in various nephrotoxicity models through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
Co-Authors Ade Kurnia Bayu Firdaus Adzkia Fitri Ahmad Suriyadi Muslim Akhyasin, Akhtyasin AMALIA, SHOFIA Anny Rosiana Masithoh Apriliasari, Fiona Astuti, Amy Arbaatun Nisa Besan, Emma Jayanti Besan, Ulfa Nabila Bintari Tri Sukoharjanti Dewi, Sintia Kusuma Eko Retnowati Eko Retnowati Emma Jayanti Besan Endang Setyowati Erwin Ari Pratiwi Etikasari, Ria Fahrudin Arif Fairus, Mustika Farni Yuliana Pratiwi Farni Yuliana Pratiwi Fina Aulia Maharani Galih Kurniawan Hadiatussalamah Hadiatussalamah Hasriyani Irvan Shahrul Hidayat Jauharotul Firdausiyah Kinanti Putri Amalia Mu'adzah, Muadzah Muhamad Khudzaifi Muhammad Nurul Fadel Nafisa Zaharani Hidayanti Nanang Munif Yasin Novia Ariani Dewi Priswa, Nindya Ramadhani Annisa Rahim Rengganis, Mutiara Ria Etikasari Riana Putri Rahmawati Ridwanto, Muhammad Siti Mumfaridatul Mukarromah Wulandari Pramuda Wardani Yahya Adi Alfatih Yuda Anzas Mara Yuda Anzas Mara Yuliasari, Aulia Wahyu Zaenal Fanani Zaimatuddunia, Irma