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FORMULATION, QUALITY TEST, AND ANTIBACTERY ACTIVITY TEST OF LIQUID SOAP OF ACALIFA (Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg.) LEAVES on Escherichia coli Hilda Khoirunnisa Rohma; Lina Winarti; Nafisah Isnawati
International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine
Publisher : International Islamic Medicine Forum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55116/ijicm.v6i2.91

Abstract

Although antibacterial soaps have begun to be developed, using akalifa leaves as an active antibacterial ingredient in liquid soap has not been widely explored. Akalifa leaf extract ( Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg. ) is a plant that has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. Escherichia coli bacteria are the most common cause of diarrhea and spread through dirty hands. One way to prevent diseases caused by bacteria is to use liquid soap made using the saponification process with or without adding other ingredients that do not irritate the skin of the hands. Objective: This study aimed to develop and utilize akalifa leaf extract ( Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg. ) into liquid soap with various extract concentrations. This study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory. Akalifa leaf samples were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, and the results of the khalifa leaf extract obtained were subjected to phytochemical screening tests. The amount of active substances used with variations in concentrations of FI (3%), F2 (6%) and F3 (9%). The resulting liquid soap preparation was evaluated physically, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, foam height, and viscosity. After that, the antibacterial activity test used the well method. The results of the study showed that khalifa leaf extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin compounds. The results of the physical quality evaluation of the three akalifa leaf extract liquid soap formulations meet the range requirements permitted by SNI. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that all formulations produced inhibition against Escherichia coli bacteria, with a concentration inhibition diameter of 3% (7.55mm ± 0.61) in the moderate category and a concentration of 6% (10.94mm ± 0.80) and 9% (13.04mm ± 1.28) in the strong category. The analysis data showed that each liquid soap variation in concentration of 3%, 6%, and 9% khalifa leaf extract had a significant difference ( p-value <0.05) in the results of the physical quality test and antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that khalifa leaf extract with concentrations of FI (3%), F2 (6%), and F3 (9%) can be formulated into liquid soap that meets physical quality requirements and has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria..   ABSTRAK   Meskipun sabun antibakteri mulai dikembangkan, penggunaan daun akalifa sebagai bahan aktif antibakteri pada liquid soap belum banyak dieksplorasi. Ekstrak daun akalifa (Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Bakteri Escherichia coli ini penyebab diare yang paling umum dengan penyebaran melalui tangan yang kotor. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah penyakit karena bakteri adalah dengan menggunakan liquid soap yang dibuat menggunakan proses saponifikasi dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan lain yang tidak mengiritasi kulit tangan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan dan pemanfaatan ekstrak daun akalifa (Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg.) menjadi liquid soap dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium. Sampel daun akalifa diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%, hasil ekstrak daun akalifa yang diperoleh dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia. Jumlah zat aktif yang digunakan dengan variasi konsentrasi FI (3%), F2 (6%) dan F3 (9%). Sediaan liquid soap yang dihasilkan dilakukan evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa dan viskositas. Setelah itu uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ekstrak daun akalifa mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Hasil evaluasi mutu fisik ketiga formulasi liquid soap ekstrak daun akalifa memenuhi syarat rentang yang diperbolehkan oleh SNI. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukan bahwa semua formulasi menghasilkan daya hambat terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, dengan diameter hambat konsentrasi 3% (7,55mm±0,61) kategori sedang dan konsentrasi 6% (10,94mm±0,80) dan 9% (13,04mm±1,28) kategori kuat. Data hasil analisis menunjukan masing-masing liquid soap variasi konsentrasi 3%, 6% dan 9% ekstrak daun akalifa memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (p-value<0,05) terhadap hasil uji mutu fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun akalifa dengan konsentrasi FI (3%), F2 (6%) dan F3 (9%) dapat diformulasikan menjadi liquid soap yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli.  
Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Attitudes of Nonhealth Students Towards The Use of Antibiotics in Bangkalan Regency April Nuraini; Nafisah Isnawati; Ratri Rokhani
Viva Medika Vol 17 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Harapan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35960/vm.v17i3.1594

Abstract

Antibiotics are drugs to kill bacteria or slow their growth. Antibiotics should be used at the doctor's clinical discretion and administered to the patient on prescription. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of unhealthy student knowledge level to the attitude and behavior of antibiotic use. Descriptive analysis research method with cross sectional approach on unhealthy students in Bangkalan Regency. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique with questionnaire. The number of samples was 96 respondents conducted in March-May 2024. Analysis of bivariate and mulitivariate data. Data analysis with logistic regression. The results of the study stated that most of the non-health students in Bangkalan have enough knowledge in the category (40.2%), have enough attitude in the category (43.3%) and enough behavior (48.4%). The relationship of students ' level of knowledge to the attitude and behavior of antibiotic use using spearman correlation test that is sig value of 0.000 (<0.05) shows the relationship between the level of knowledge with the attitude and behavior of antibiotic use
Optimization of the Formula of Hand Sanitizer Preparation of Teak Leaf Extract (Tectona grandis) as an Antibacterial Nafisah Isnawati
Journal of Medical Laboratory in Infectious and Degenerative Diseases Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/jmid.v2i1.18

Abstract

Background: One of the major causes of diarrhea is the bacterium Escherichia coli. This bacterium is commonly found on the palms of hands. To address diarrhea, prevention is necessary, one of which is by using ethanol extract of teak leaves (Tectona grandis). Teak leaves (Tectona grandis) contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids that act as antibacterial agents. Purpose: This study aims to determine that the ethanol extract of teak leaves (Tectona grandis) can be formulated into a hand sanitizer with antibacterial properties Methods: The design of this research study is laboratory experimental, with the process of making extracts, formulating them, evaluating the physical quality of preparations, and performing antibacterial tests. The extract was made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. Hand sanitizer preparations for teak leaf extract (Tectona grandis) are formulated with three concentrations, namely 10%, 12%, and 15%. Results: The results of the organoleptic evaluation showed a medium to dark brown color, with a semi-solid texture and a characteristic teak leaf aroma. The homogeneity test results showed that all formulations were homogeneous. The pH test results were 7.06 for F1, 7.11 for F2, and 7.12 for F3. The spreadability test results were 5.09 cm for F1, 5.42 cm for F2, and 5.14 cm for F3. The adhesion test results were 10.34 seconds for F1, 9.53 seconds for F2, and 12.71 seconds for F3. The viscosity test results were 2,867 cps for F1, 2,567 cps for F2, and 2,611 cps for F3. The antibacterial activity test showed that the hand sanitizer had antibacterial activity with extract concentrations of 10%, 12%, and 15%. The inhibition zone diameters were 12.67 mm for F1, 15 mm for F2, and 21.67 mm for F3. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of teak leaves (Tectona grandis) can be formulated into an emulgel hand sanitizer with antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, and all three formulations meet the preparation evaluation requirements. The best formula was at a 15% concentration with an inhibition zone of 21.67 mm.
The Optimization of a Spray Gel : Formula with Acalypha Leaf Extract (Acalypha wilkesiana Müell. Arg.) Galuh Maulidatun Nufus; Nafisah Isnawati
Journal of Medical Laboratory in Infectious and Degenerative Diseases Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/jmid.v3i2.39

Abstract

Background: According to research from the Ministry of Health, in 2020 the average was 89.65% and in East Java it was 54.3%, while in Jember 49.6% of people washed their hands properly, one of which was using soap. Hand sanitizer can be used as an alternative to cleaning hands without using soap and running water. One of the plants used as an active ingredient in hand sanitizers is akalifa leaves. Carbopol 940 is a gelling agent that is widely used in spray gel preparations for pharmaceutical products, while TEA is an alkalizing agent. Objective: To identify the effect of carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and TEA as an alkalizing agent on the physical characteristics of akalifa leaf extract spray gel (Acalypha wilkesiana Müell. Arg.). Methods: This study used an experimental method with the Simplex Lattice Design. Research result: Evaluation of the physical properties of spray gel preparations with variations in the concentration of the gelling agent and alkalizing agent produced the best pH value, namely in formula 2 with a pH value of 5.2, the best viscosity value was found in formula 2, namely with a value of 223 cPs, and drying time the best is also found in formula 2 with a value of 3.35 minutes. Conclusion: evaluation of the physical properties of spray gel preparations, variations in the concentration of the gelling agent and alkalizing agent affect pH, viscosity, spraying pattern and drying time.
Formulation and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Paper Soap Containing Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. Leaf Extract Against Escherichia coli Rike Septianingrum; Lina Winarti; Nafisah Isnawati
Journal of Medical Laboratory in Infectious and Degenerative Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/jmid.v4i1.51

Abstract

Background: One of the effective ways to maintain a healthy body is to maintain hand hygiene. Keeping your hands clean can be done by washing your hands with soap. One of the development of soap products is paper soap using the active ingredient of akalifa leaf plant extract (Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg) which contains secondary metabolites including flavonoids, tanins, saponins, and alkaloids. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to formulate paper soap of akalifa leaves (Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg) with an extract concentration of 5%, 7%, 9% and tested antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli. Methods: This research method is laboratory experiment by formulating evaluation and testing of antibacterial activity of paper soap preparations. Results:  The results of the research on phytochemical screening of akalifa leaf extract positively contain tanin compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Paper soap formulations made with variations of 5% (F1), 7% (F2), and 9% (F3) akalifa leaf extract. It shows pH values of 8.34 ± 0.15 (F1), 9.04 ± 0.11 (F2), and 9.01 ± 0.09 (F3) so that it meets the requirements of SNI (pH 4-10). Testing the height of the foam with values of 73.0 mm ± 0.26 (F1), 76.3 mm ± 0.15 (F2), and 78.6 mm ± 0.20 (F3) so that it meets the requirements of SNI 13-220 mm. The test of washing time with values of 18.35 seconds ± 0.16 (F1), 19.08 seconds ± 0.18 (F2), and 18.99 seconds ± 0.14 (F3) met the criteria, namely (15-292 seconds). The moisture content test with values of 0.24% ± 0.05 (F1), 0.09% ± 0.03 (F2), and 0.18% ± 0.02 (F3) met the criteria because (<15%). The results of the antibacterial activity test of akalifa leaf extract paper soap had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with F1 having an inhibition zone of 4.15 mm ± 0.87, F2 6.39 mm ± 1.22, F3 8.79 mm ± 1.25, positive control 18.31 mm ± 2.24, and negative control 0 mm. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that akalifa leaf extract is positive for containing secondary metabolite compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Evaluation of the physical quality of paper soap obtained results that met the requirements in accordance with Indonesia's National Standards. In the results of antibacterial activity, there is an increased.
Profile of Antihypertensive Therapy Use in Patients with Ischemic Stroke at a Type C Hospital Jember Regency Nanda Yulita Sari; Nafisah Isnawati
Journal of Medical Laboratory in Infectious and Degenerative Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/jmid.v4i1.52

Abstract

Abstract Background: Ischemic stroke is a condition resulting from obstructed blood flow to the brain, with hypertension serving as a comorbid risk factor. Controlling hypertension in ischemic stroke patients is a crucial aspect of management for preventing clinical deterioration and supporting the recovery process. Therefore, a study on the antihypertensive medication usage profile in ischemic stroke patients is necessary to serve as a basis for evaluating and improving the quality of therapy provided. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the profile of antihypertensive drug use among ischemic stroke patients at a Type C hospital in Jember Regency. Methods: This study employed a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach, utilizing medical record data from ischemic stroke patients undergoing antihypertensive therapy at a Type C hospital in Jember Regency. The study sample consisted of 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The variables examined included patient characteristics and patterns of antihypertensive therapy use. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, and the results are presented as frequency distributions and percentages. Results: The majority of patients were male (84%) and fell within the 56–59 age group (36.7%). The most frequently used class of antihypertensive drugs was Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs); specifically, candesartan 8 mg was used in 13 patients (43.3%) and valsartan 80 mg in 8 patients (26.7%). Within the Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) class, amlodipine 10 mg was used in 13 patients (43.3%). Additionally, diuretic usage included furosemide 20 mg in 9 patients (30.0%) and spironolactone 100 mg in 8 patients (26.7%), while ramipril 5 mg—representing the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) class—was used in 9 patients (30.0%). Conclusions: The most commonly used antihypertensive drugs for ischemic stroke patients at the Type C hospital in Jember Regency belonged to the ARB and CCB classes.
Optimalisasi Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang dan Kebersihan Diri Melalui Program Edukasi Kesehatan di Panti Asuhan Nurul Husna Jember Sholihatil Hidayati; Ayu Angger Putri M. Soleh; Wima Anggitasari; Nafisah Isnawati; Aliyah Purwanti; Violyn Candra Hadizahar Halim
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (JUDIMAS) Vol. 5 No. 1
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat STIKes Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54832/judimas.v5i1.897

Abstract

Status gizi dan kebersihan diri merupakan dua faktor penting yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan, perkembangan, serta kesehatan anak. Rendahnya pengetahuan mengenai gizi seimbang dan perilaku hidup bersih dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya malnutrisi maupun penyakit infeksi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan wawasan anak-anak mengenai nutrisi serta kebersihan diri sekaligus memperoleh data awal mengenai pola konsumsi makanan anak di Panti Asuhan Nurul Husna Jember. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui penyuluhan interaktif menggunakan media presentasi, diskusi, dan tanya jawab. Materi yang diberikan mencakup konsep gizi yang seimbang, pentingnya konsumsi buah dan sayur, pembatasan makanan yang mengandung gula, garam, dan lemak yang tinggi, pentingnya minum air putih, serta praktik kebersihan diri seperti cuci tangan dan kebersihan tubuh. Diharapkan kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan kesadaran mengenai pentingnya penerapan pola makan sehat dan perilaku hidup bersih sejak usia dini.
An Studi Kepuasan Pengguna Layanan Farmasi di Klinik Kesehatan X di Jember Nafisah Isnawati; April Nuraini; Ayu Angger Putri M. Sholeh; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan; Atmanita Khairomatul L
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1142

Abstract

User satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in healthcare facilities is a critical indicator of service quality and plays an essential role in improving the overall healthcare experience. High satisfaction levels reflect the appropriateness, efficiency, and responsiveness of pharmacy services. This study aimed to evaluate the level of satisfaction among users of pharmaceutical services at the Pharmacy Installation of Clinic X in Jember. This study employed a prospective observational design conducted in August 2025. The study population consisted of outpatients receiving pharmaceutical services, and the sample included patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. A total of 160 respondents were selected using consecutive sampling, a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and tables documenting respondent characteristics and patient satisfaction outcomes. Satisfaction was assessed across five dimensions of pharmaceutical service quality: reliability, responsiveness, empathy, tangibles, and assurance. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize respondent characteristics and satisfaction scores. Of the 160 respondents, the majority were female (71.25%) and within the age group of 25–44 years (53.75%). Most respondents had a senior high school education or equivalent (50.00%), were self-employed (64.38%), and had visited the clinic twice (38.75%). Satisfaction scores across service dimensions were as follows: reliability 97.1%, responsiveness 65.5%, empathy 68.1%, tangibles 82.1%, and assurance 66.7%. The overall Customer Satisfaction Index (IKM) was 82.2%, categorizing the service quality as good. The results indicate that users were generally satisfied with the pharmaceutical services provided at Clinic X. The high score in the reliability dimension suggests consistent service performance and accuracy. However, the lower scores in responsiveness, assurance, and empathy highlight areas requiring improvement, particularly regarding timely service delivery, confidence-inspiring interactions, and patient-centered communication. Although the overall satisfaction level was good, targeted improvements in these dimensions are essential for enhancing the overall quality of pharmaceutical care. Overall, the level of user satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Clinic X was categorized as good, with an IKM score of 82.2%. All five dimensions of service quality were rated positively, although responsiveness, assurance, and empathy showed room for improvement. These results highlight the importance of strengthening service quality components beyond technical accuracy to ensure a more holistic and patient-centered pharmaceutical care experience.
Co-Authors Abdullah Azzam Mubarok Achmadan Rizki Trisnawan Adek Intan Suryaning Rahayu Adi Rama Agustin, Nanda Nelly Alfajri, Irza Aliyah Purwanti Ana Karunia Angga Dwi Rofiqil Anggraeni, Lutvi Anisa Agustina April Nuraini April Nuraini Aril Alifia Salsabila Athallah, Naufal Atmanita Khairomatul L Ayu Angger Putri M. Sholeh Ayu Angger Putri M. Soleh Danipratiwi, Sidta Putrirachman Darotin, Rida Dea Maulidi Saputri Dewi Lufitasari Dhina Ayu Susanti Diah Yuli Pangesti Dina Tria Dina Tria Dina Trianggaluh Dina Trianggaluh Fauziah Dina Trianggaluh Fauziah Dwi, Jacinta Dyan Wigati Dzikri, Fachrizal Endang Lifchatullaillah Endang Lifchatullaillah Fachrizal Dzikri Fathmasari, Tiara Fatika, Diva Aulia Nur Fitria Meliana Putri Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto Friskila Nenobesi Galuh Maulidatun Nufus H, Prasetyo HELMALIA HELMALIA, HELMALIA Helmalia Shintawati Hidayatul Wahdah Hilda Khoirunnisa Rohma Illa Faizah Nur’Ain Irza Alfajri Iski Weni Pebriarti Jenie Palupi Kenny Raul Supaat Khafifah Indar Purwaningsih Khamim, Nur Khofifah Amini Khoirun N., Hilda Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan Kustin Kustin, Kustin Lina Winarti Lina Winarti lindawati setyaningrum Lufitasari, Dewi M. Rofik Usman Mega Fitriya Purnama Dewi Mery Dian Frissanty Miatuz Zaqia Mubarok, Abdullah Azzam Nanda Yulita Sari Natasya, Leanasta Ina Naufal Athallah Neny Poerwahyuningrum Noval Kurniawan Nufus, Galuh Maulidatun Nur Azizah Perdani Puteri Syahuri Syahuri Nuraini, April Nurul Fathona Nurul Izmi Agustina Pangesti, Yuli Perdana, Rastra Airlangga Poppy, Leony Rayvina Pujiastuti, Atikah Purwaningsih, Khafifah Indar Rahayu, Adek Intan Suryaning Rastra Airlangga Perdana Ratri Rokhani Ratri Rokhani Rayyan Sabil Prayoga Regeena Juia Yasmine Rike Septianingrum Rindiani Safitri Rokhani, Ratri Rosita Bahadun Safitri, Rindiani Shela Nur Amita Shinta Mayasari Shinta Mayasari Sholihatil Hidayati Sidta Putrirachman Danipratiwi Silvia Yunani Trisnani Siti Rosyida Sivi Richa Marini Stivaniyanti Atmanegara Supaat, Kenny Raul Susanti, Dhina Ayu Thomas Adhi Tamsyah Tiara Fathmasari Trisnani, Silvia Yunani Trisnawan, Achmadan Rizki Tsamarotu Qobi Imamah Utomo, I,R1, Utomo, I,R1 Violyn Candra Hadizahar Halim Wahdah, Hidayatul Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia Yudi Wicaksono Yunitasari, Risky Zakiyah Tur Rohmah Zidni Nuris Yuhbaba Zulfatul Maskuriah, Dian Zulkarnain Permana