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INDONESIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 19783019     EISSN : 20864094     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,091 Documents
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Characterization of SNEDDS Formulated with Single Bulb Garlic and its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on 3T3-L1 Lestari, Sri Rahayu; Sunaryono, Sunaryono; Susanto, Hendra; Rachmawati , Hidajah; Irawanto, Rony; Miasih, Dewi Sekar; El Baroroh, Alif Rosyidah; Annisa, Yuslinda; Djati, Muhammad Sasmito
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.793-804

Abstract

Inflammation is an early symptom of a disease that reduces the level of health. Single-bulb garlic (Allium sativum L.) is used medicinally as a plant with a broad pharmacological effect, especially anti-inflammatory activity. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have offered opportunities to improve drug delivery. The current study aimed to characterize SNEDDS-single bulb garlic extract (SBGE) and determine its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in 3T3-L1 cells. SNEDDS was formulated from tween-80, glycerol, canola oil, and SBGE. The formula characterization is done using droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, physical stability test, and antioxidant assay. The cytotoxicity test of SNEDDS-SBGE was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using 3T3-L1 cell methylglyoxal (MG) induction, and the expression of cytokines was measured using immunocytochemistry (ICC). The SNEDDS-SBGE had a nanoemulsion size of 42.30±1.39 nm, 0.6±0.03 for the polydispersion index, and -22.63±0.75 mV for the zeta potential. SNEDDS-SBGE was physically stable and had a high antioxidant level (47.579±8.017 %). SNEDDS-SBGE exhibited no toxic effect on 3T3-L1 cells. The administration of 62.5 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml SNEDDS-SBGE could inhibit (p<0.05) the expression of IL-1β after methylglyoxal induction. Thus, SNEDDS-SBGE may have potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Development of Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Equine Piroplasma Infection in Horses Nugraha, Arifin; Cahyaningsih, Umi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.740-746

Abstract

The identification of equine piroplasmosis and surra disease in infected horses currently presents a significant challenge. Clinical symptoms and blood smears are commonly used to diagnose these two diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex amplification assay capable of simultaneously identifying all three blood protozoa (equine piroplasma and Trypanosoma evansi) in a single test. The primer pairs used for detecting T. equi, B. caballi, and Trypanosoma evansi were ema-2-t (587 bp), Bc-134 (429 bp), and Rotat 1.2 VSG (151 bp), respectively. The multiplex PCR assay was subsequently evaluated for its detection limit, sensitivity percentage, and specificity using single PCR as the reference standard. The multiplex PCR method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% for detecting both Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi, with all positive samples confirmed by a single PCR. It also achieved 100% specificity for both the parasites. However, for Babesia caballi, while the sensitivity remained at 100%, the specificity was reduced to 66%, indicating some limitations in accurately identifying negative samples. For the multiplex PCR assay, the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.01 ng/µL for both T. equi and B. caballi, whereas Trypanosoma evansi exhibited a detection threshold of 1 ng/µL. When multiplex PCR assays were used to screen blood samples obtained from horses in selected districts of Bogor, only a single sample showed a positive result for T. equi. The sensitivities and specificities achieved by multiplex PCR and single PCR were comparable. Therefore, the multiplex PCR method developed in this study can be effectively applied to diagnose piroplasmosis and surra in horses.
Characteristics of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from the Rhizosphere at Kaolin Lake, Belitung, Indonesia Nurhakiki; Rusmana, Iman; Astuti, Rika Indri
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.611-622

Abstract

Former kaolin mining has poor physical and chemical properties for plants. The low nutrient content makes difficult for plants to grow. Nitrogen (N2) is an important macronutrient for plants, but it can only be absorbed in the form of ammonium ions (NH4+) or nitrate ions (NO3-­). Therefore, it is necessary to transform nitrogen, which is able to change the molecular form so that it can be absorbed by plants. The strategy that can be done is using nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This study aimed to explore and analyze the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria based on 16S rRNA and nifH gene from the rhizosphere of the Kaolin Lake area. The method started with bacterial isolation from rhizosphere soil samples. Selected isolates were tested for ammonium content to determine the ability of isolates to fix nitrogen. In this study, 13 isolates had the ability to fix nitrogen, two of which had a high ammonium concentration, namely RBN 5.6, and RBA 2.3. The highest ammonium concentration was produced by isolate RBN5.6 amounting to 7.55 μg/ml. Based on 16S rRNA gene identification, isolate RBN5.6 was similar to Burkholderia cepacia and isolate RBA2.3 was similar to Bacillus aquimaris. Based on the detection of the nifH gene, isolate RBN5.6 was identified as a protein-encoding dinitrogenase reductase gene group cluster from the Stutzerimonas stutzeri.
The pipB Gene as Target for Development of Detection Method of Pathogenic Bacteria Salmonella typhi Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Nurjayadi, Muktiningsih; Gusti Angieta Putri; Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing; Puan Aqila Azizah; Anisa Fitriyanti; Royna Rahma Musie; Helzi Angelina; Grace; Agus Setiawan; Dandy Akbar Juliansyah; Jefferson Lynford Declan; Gladys Indira Putri; Siti Fatimah; Adinda Myra Amalia Putri; Vira Saamia; Irma Ratna Kartika; Fera Kurniadewi; Shyi-Tien Chen; Bassam Abomoelak; Hesham A. El Enshasy
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.747-757

Abstract

Salmonella typhi is a bacteria that leads to typhoid fever and one of the causes of death due to bacteria infections. In Indonesia, typhoid fever occurs around 1,100 cases per 100,000 population per year, with a mortality rate of 3.1-10.4%. It's necessary to develop a rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella typhi. The pipB gene of Salmonella typhi has the function of being an autophagia inhibitor in humans. This study aims to develop a detection kit for Salmonella typhi pathogenic bacteria targeting the pipB gene using a pipB primer in confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity tests. The results showed that pipB primer can amplify Salmonella typhi DNA fragment of 196 bp at the optimum annealing temperatures between 54-62°C. Confirmation test with real-time PCR found that the pipB primer pair (pipB-F and pipB-R) amplified at cycle 12.93 and 13.10 (Duplo) with a Tm value of 84.05°C and 84.20°C (Duplo). Based on the difference and average value produced in the confirmation and specificity test, pipB primer has amplified Salmonella typhi DNA at Ct 12.47±0.6 with a Tm value of 83.62°C±0.6. The pipB primer pair (pipB-F and pipB-R) could distinguish target from non-target bacteria based on their cycle threshold (Ct) and melting temperature (Tm) values. The primer design of pipB primer pair (pipB-F and pipB-R) successfully detected Salmonella typhi bacteria with the smallest concentration of 55.78 × 102 CFU equivalent to 3.2 pg/µL. Based on the results, Salmonella typhi pipB primer successfully detected Salmonella typhi bacteria DNA rapidly, specifically, and sensitively using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method.
Exploring the α-Amylase Inhibitory Potential of Peronema canescens Jack: An In Vitro and In Silico Study Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan Radix; Aryanti, Ninda; Susilawati, Yasmiwar; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Putri, Chintiana Nindya; Ramonah, Dewi; Suharsanti, Ririn
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.712-726

Abstract

Hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is primarily driven by the rapid hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme α-amylase in the pancreas and the breakdown of oligosaccharides by α-glucosidase in the intestine. Peronema canescens Jack. (PC) has shown promise as a potential antidiabetic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the total flavonoid, phenolic, and α-amylase inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions derived from PC leaves using both in vitro and in silico approaches. The ethanol extract of PC leaves was fractionated through liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts and fractions identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The n-hexane fraction exhibited the highest total flavonoid content, averaging 203.37±4.38 mg QE/gram, while the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the highest total phenolic content, averaging 147.04±0.79 mg GAE/gram. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest α-amylase inhibitory activity, with an average inhibition rate of 70.38±1.26%. In silico analysis, combined with GC-MS identification, suggested that three compounds, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, myristyl oleate, and 14 beta H-pregna may contribute to the observed α-amylase inhibitory activity. These findings highlight the potential of PC as a source of natural antidiabetic agents.
Genome-wide Screening of Zinc-Responsive Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana for Enhanced Phytoremediation Potential AL-Janaby, Mohammed Salih; Rasheed, Yousry Sadoon; Hammood, Mohammed Torki; Mohammed Fahad, Mustafa
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.758-767

Abstract

Zinc contamination presents considerable threats to human health, agricultural practices, and ecological systems. Arabidopsis thaliana has demonstrated potential for use in phytoremediation, which is an environmentally friendly strategy aimed at addressing this type of pollution. This study identified genes associated with phytoremediation in A. thaliana. This identification was achieved through comparative bioinformatics analysis involving 27 plant species. A critical literature review was conducted. This review aimed to collect genes involved in metal uptake and transport across various hyperaccumulator plant species. A database in BLAST format was generated to enable the study of main homologous protein families, including ATP-binding Cassette transporters, acyl-CoA-binding proteins, metallothioneins, and phytochelatin synthases. In silico screening for zinc-binding was performed by means of a web application based on the deep-learning framework called GNINA. The results highlighted the fact that within the phytochelatin synthases-especially PCS1 and PCS2, the protein PCS2 has the highest affinity to zinc. Heavy metal ATPases involved in the vital process of metal transport and homeostasis include HMA1. Zinc transporters responsible for zinc uptake and sequestration include cation exchanger 1CAX1 and IRT2. The information thus provided explains in detail the complex molecular machinery regulating metal detoxification in A. thaliana and provides insights for developing transgenic plants with enhanced phytoremediation capabilities. Future research should target these genes to create plants with improved metal tolerance and accumulation, advancing phytoremediation technologies.
The Antiaging Potential of Serum Formulations from Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Salmon DNA on Injured Human Fibroblast Cells Girsang, Ermi; Wargasetia, Teresa Liliana; Rahmat, Deni; Gondokesumo, Marisca Evalina; Harjanti, Mathelda Weni; Widowati, Wahyu; Zahiroh, Fadhilah Haifa; Saufa, Zahra Qisthi; Takasenserang, Oktaviana; Hadiprasetyo, Dhanar Septyawan
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.623-631

Abstract

External aging factors such as UV exposure, pollution, and lifestyle choices contribute to skin aging, resulting in deep wrinkles, fine lines, and rough skin, which can lower self-confidence. Plant extracts have been widely studied for their antiaging potential, while Salmon DNA has shown promise in stimulating collagen production. This study explores the formulation of a serum combining Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Salmon DNA for its antiaging effects on injured human fibroblast cells. The serum was formulated using extracts from C. asiatica, C. longa, A. vera, R. centifolia, and Salmon DNA. Antioxidant activity was evaluated with the DPPH method, cytotoxicity using the WST-8 assay, and gene expression through qRT-PCR for COL1A1, TGF-β1, HYAL-1, and FGF-2. The serum exhibited weak antioxidant activity (IC50 = 373.33 µg/ml) and reduced cell viability at high concentrations. Gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of COL1A1, TGF-β1, and FGF-2, along with reduced HYAL-1 expression in injured BJ cells. The formulated serum shows potential as an antiaging agent, promoting collagen production and reducing hyaluronidase activity.
Soil Symbiosis Reimagined: Rhizobium and Mycorrhiza Influence on Soybean Performance in Early Oil Palm Ecosystems Anugraeni Rahman, Reski; Weny Respatie, Dyah; Tarwaca Susila Putra, Eka; Laurenze, Reynaldi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.700-711

Abstract

The high demand for soybeans in Indonesia is not in line with national soybean production due to the harvest area decreasing every year. To increase national soybean production, the area of IOP (Immature Oil Plantation) one year has potential for soybean development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rhizobium spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the physiological capacity, growth, and yield of the soybean plant planted between rows of IOP one-year-old. This research was carried out at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV (PTPN IV), Adolina Afdeling 1, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, from March 2023 to June 2023. A two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for all treatments was conducted in a field experiment. Experimental treatments include: 1) non-inoculated Rhizobium spp. + non-inoculated AMF (R0M0) (Control), 2) non-inoculated Rhizobium spp. + inoculation AMF (R0M1), 3) inoculation Rhizobium spp. + non-inoculated AMF (R1M0) and 4) inoculation Rhizobium spp. + inoculation AMF (R1M1). The results showed that the single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatment significantly enhanced soybean physiology, growth, and yield including relative water content (85.87%), nitrate reductase activity (8.98 µmol NO2-g BS-1 hour-1), stomatal density (775.16 mm), proline (17.76 µmol proline g BS-1), and ascorbate peroxidase (0.0068 U/min/mg).
Influence of Co-feeding Methanol-sorbitol Ratio on Production of Human Insulin Precursor Expressed by Mut+ Pichia pastoris Puspitasari, Dian Japany; Mahsunah, Anis Herliyati; Nurdiani, Dini; Astuti, Rika Indri; Meryandini, Anja
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.581-588

Abstract

An increasing number of diabetic patients and the demand for insulin encourage the development of recombinant insulin production on a large scale. Human insulin precursor (HIP) expressed by Mut+ Pichia pastoris using methanol as an inducer was developed. However, methanol above 5% (w/v) or 1.56 M is toxic for the host. Sorbitol was introduced as a co-substrate with methanol. To our knowledge, the study of methanol/sorbitol co-feeding on human insulin precursor (HIP) expression by Mut+ Pichia pastoris in a bioreactor has yet to be reported. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the methanol-sorbitol co-feeding ratio on the expression of HIP expressed by P. pastoris X33 Mut+. The study was conducted by comparing the cultivation of P. pastoris/pD902-IP Mut+ in a 10-liter bioreactor under three conditions: feeding 100% methanol, mass ratio of MeOH:sorbitol 12:1 and 3:1. The oxygen consumption of methanol/sorbitol is less than the methanol feeding. The mass ratio of MeOH:sorbitol 12:1 produced the highest HIP titer (1326.5 mg/L), 1.5 times higher than methanol feeding, the lowest specific growth rate, but the highest specific productivity at the induction phase. MeOH:sorbitol mass ratio 3:1 produced the highest dry cell weight (DCW) amount (96 g/L). These results suggested that an appropriate ratio of sorbitol-methanol can be a choice to replace methanol feeding in a Mut+ P. pastoris.
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Photoprotective Analysis of Mangrove Extracts as Additives Ingredients in a Cosmetic Cream Putri, Dear Berliana; Pringgenies, Delianis; Trianto, Agus
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.571-580

Abstract

Mangroves are a rich source of natural antioxidant compounds that can inhibit and reduce tissue damage caused by free radical activity. Currently, cosmetic creams are widely recommended for maintaining skin health and aesthetics, especially in protecting against the harmful effects of free radicals. This study applied mangrove extract as an additive ingredient in a cosmetic cream, serving as an antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and photoprotective agent. Mangrove samples were collected from the mangrove ecosystem in Tapak Village, Semarang, Indonesia. Three mangrove species were evaluated for their bioactivity, and the species with the highest bioactivity was selected for use in the cream formulation. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested using the disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, and photoprotective activity was determined using UV spectrophotometry, with analysis based on the Mansur mathematical equation. The cream was evaluated for its characteristics, including spreadability, homogeneity, sensory properties, pH, sun protection factor (SPF), phytochemical content, stability, and microbial contamination. An in vivo was conducted to assess the cream’s effectiveness on white mice. Results indicated that Avicennia marina leaf extract exhibited the highest bioactivity compared to the other two species, Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Consequently, A. marina leaf extract was selected as the active additive ingredient in the cream formulation. Characterization tests demonstrated that the cream was stable and met standard criteria for quality. The in vivo analysis revealed that the mangrove leaf extract cream significantly prevented epidermal thinning, reduced neutrophil counts, and preserved fibroblast numbers.

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