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INDONESIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 19783019     EISSN : 20864094     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,091 Documents
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Screening and Molecular Identification of Endophytic Bacteria from Calamus caesius Blume with Potential as Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Ginting, Chrismis Novalinda; Lister, Nyoman Ehrich; Girsang, Ermi; Fachrial, Edy
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.599-610

Abstract

Calamus caesius, traditionally used in Asian medicine for managing diabetes mellitus, is a promising source of endophytic bacteria due to its bioactive potential. This study aims to identify the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from “Pakkat” (Calamus caesius Blume), a traditional food of North Sumatra, as a source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. These inhibitors, such as acarbose, are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus but have significant gastrointestinal side effects. This study focuses on isolating and characterizing endophytic bacteria that can produce natural inhibitors, potentially safer alternatives. Twenty endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated, of which five were excluded due to hemolytic activity. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, and isolates with the highest activity proceeded to α-glucosidase inhibitor testing. Molecular identification of potential isolates was performed through 16S rRNA gene amplification, and genomic DNA sequencing utilized the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. Secondary metabolite analysis was performed using antiSMASH, and gene cluster comparison with CAGECAT. Of 15 isolates, LTUP1.3 (Bacillus cereus) exhibited 86.6% α-glucosidase inhibitor activity, close to the positive control (88%). Although in Bacillus cereus LTUP1.3 no secondary metabolites were found that act as α-glucosidase inhibitors, three enzymes have similarities with enzymes found in Actinoplanes that play a role in acarbose biosynthesis namely dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase RffG, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase rmIA and glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase glgC. These results suggest that Bacillus cereus strain LTUP1.3 has a potential biosynthetic pathway similar to the acarbose biosynthetic pathway in Actinoplanes. However, further confirmation is required to establish its overall acarbose production capability.
Comprehensive Characterization of Phospholipase C and D Families in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): Identification, Phylogenetics, Gene Structure, and Transcriptomic Insights Nguyen, Quy Phuong; Tran, Huyen Thi Thanh; Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh; Dong, Gioi Huy; Ha, Quyen Thi; Vu, Quyen Thi Xuan; Le, Chi Toan; Cao, Phi Bang; Chu, Ha Duc
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.768-780

Abstract

This study provides a detailed investigation of the phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) gene families in cocoa (Theobroma cacao), focusing on their identification, characterization, and expression patterns. A total of 10 PLC and 12 PLD genes was identified and systematically annotated based on their sequence homology, conserved domains, and functional classification, adhering to established nomenclature. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed diversity in molecular weights, isoelectric points, and stability parameters, reflecting their structural and functional variability. Phylogenetic analysis classified the genes into distinct subfamilies and highlighted their evolutionary relationships with homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). Gene structure analysis demonstrated significant variation in exon-intron organization, indicating functional specialization and regulatory complexity within these gene families. Expression profiling during cocoa embryo development showed that certain genes, such as TcNPC2, TcPI-PLC5, and TcPLDα1, were highly expressed, while others exhibited stage-specific activity. In response to Phytophthora megakarya infection, several PLC and PLD genes displayed significant changes in expression across different time points and genotypes, including the upregulation of TcPI-PLC2, TcPLDα5, and TcPLDζ2, suggesting their roles in cocoa's stress responses and defense mechanisms. These findings offer new insights into the biological roles of PLC and PLD gene families in cocoa, particularly in growth, development, and stress adaptation, providing a solid foundation for further functional research and potential applications in cocoa improvement programs.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria spp. Bengkulu Isolate ginting, Sempurna; Djamilah; Sipriyadi; Permata Sari, Silvia
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1103-1108

Abstract

Beuveria is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi that plays an important role in controlling agricultural pests. Pest control with entomopathogenic fungi is an alternative to reduce influence the use of chemical insecticides. The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi intraspecies is by the genetic diversity of isolates, a high diversity of isolates can result diversity of fungus virulence. The purpose of this study was to perform the characterization molecular of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria spp. Bengkulu isolate. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular identification Beauveria isolates were obtained from infected larvae in the field (1. Isolate from Coleoptera in Kepahiang, Bengkulu (BBC), 2. Isolate from Hemiptera: Pentatomidae in Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu (BBL), and 3. Isolate from Hemiptera: Alydidae in Taba Mulan, Merigi District, Kepahiang, Bengkulu (MT). The results of the amplification of the entomopathogen Beauveria samples produce DNA bands around ±580 bp. The DNA sequence analysis of ITS 5F and ITS 4R primers showed that the isolates BBC, MT and BBL have fairly high similarity with the Beauveria bassiana isolate 1397, Beauveria bassiana isolate SBI TNSPI, Beauveria bassiana strain B-Bug, Beauveria bassiana voucher TSJBB, Beauveria bassiana isolate SASRI C2, Beauveria bassiana isolate IMI 382764, Beauveria bassiana BCRC:FU31669, Beauveria bassiana isolate B098, Beauveria bassiana isolate INRS-CFL, Beauveria sp. JS-2009a isolate B4B, Beauveria bassiana isolate KACC with the homology of 99.83%, 99.83%, and 98.61%.
Expression of the BAX Gene, CO1 Gene, and their Relationship to the Motility and Spermatozoa Concentration of Rats Treated with Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Hasanah, Uswatun; Fauziah, Cut; Irsyad, Nasihin saud; Pramono, Andri Pramesyanti; Wahab, Dinda Hanifah; Nawawi, Wafa Nabila
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1003-1009

Abstract

Spermatogenesis is the process of spermatozoa formation. An increase in free radicals, such as in hyperglycemia conditions, causes oxidative stress, which can interfere with spermatogenesis. Oxidative stress is an inequality condition between the body’s capacity to produce antioxidants and the rise of free radicals. Antioxidants such as flavonoids are contained in plants such as Moringa oleifera leaves. During spermatogenesis, an apoptosis process involves the BAX gene. BAX is a gene that functions as pro-apoptosis. There is also a CO1 gene in mitochondria, which plays a role in cellular metabolism. Gene expression examination assesses the comparative threshold cycle (CT) with RT-PCR, and spermatozoa quality examination includes assessing spermatozoa concentration and motility. This study used 30 male white Sprague Dawley rats as the test animals, which were divided into five treatment groups: treatment of moringa leaf extract dose 200 mg/kg BW, treatment dose 300 mg/kg BW, treatment dose 400 mg/kg BW, normal control group, and positive control group. The results showed a decrease in BAX gene expression and CO1 gene expression in the treatment group of test animals. The results of sperm analysis showed an increase in spermatozoa concentration in all treatment groups compared to the control group. For sperm motility in the 400 mg/KgBB dose treatment, an increase in sperm motility compared to the control group. This study concludes that administering moringa leaf extract reduced the expression of the Bax and CO1 genes. However, no significant changes were observed in sperm concentration and motility within the treatment group.
Relationship between Fluid Intelligence and Executive Function among University Students in Indonesia Suryono, Alfina Zalfa; Rohmatullayaly, Eneng Nunuz; Widayati, Kanthi Arum
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.950-956

Abstract

Fluid intelligence is the ability to think logically and abstractly. Executive function is the behavioural ability to coordinate, control and adapt to new situations. Fluid intelligence and executive function play an important role in the ability to solve problems, adapt, and carry out daily behaviour. Previous research states that high fluid intelligence is followed by high executive function. Currently, there are no data regarding the relationship between fluid intelligence and executive function and the socio-demographic factors associated with both variables. Therefore, this study to examine the relationship and socio-demographic factors between fluid intelligence and executive function among university students in Indonesia. This study was conducted using a questionnaire and the zoom platform with a total of 306 university student in Indonesia. First, responders will complete a questionnaire containing demographic information. Second, respondents will be contacted again to assess fluid intelligence using the Baddeley Reasoning Test and executive function measurement using Tower of Hanoi. This study found that fluid intelligence was not substantially linked with planning time. However, high fluid intelligence was strongly related with less mobility and overall time. The socio-demographic component related with fluid intelligence is age. Sociodemographic factors related with executive function include sex, education level, and study discipline, as well as overall time.
DNA Barcoding of Commercially Important Groupers (Epinephelidae) in Simeulue and Banyak Islands, Aceh, Indonesia Fadli, Nur; Razi, Nanda Muhammad; Damora, Adrian; Muchlisin, Zainal A.; Ramadhaniaty, Mutia; Rahayu, Sri Riska; Harnelly, Essy; Habib, Ahasan; Siti-Azizah, Mohd Nor
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1080-1091

Abstract

The groupers are a group of demersal fish that live in tropical and subtropical areas and are mostly linked to coral reefs. The fish are highly valued in international markets and are subjected to overfishing in the wild. Accurate fish resource identification knowledge is essential for sustainable fisheries management. This research is aimed to generate a reference COI sequence library of grouper species caught in Simeulue and Banyak Islands, Aceh. The study was conducted from April-September 2021 at sixteen fish landing sites in Simeulue and Banyak Islands. In total, this study generated 70 COI sequences representing 20 grouper species. Epinephelus (54%) was the most prevalent grouper genus at the study site, followed by Cephalopholis (19%), Plectropomus (13%), Variola (12%), Hyporthodus (1%), and Anyperodon (1%). According to the IUCN classification, 17 species (85%) fall into the category of Least Concern, two (10%) fall into the category of Vulnerable, and one (5%) falls into the category of Data Deficient. The average genetic distance based on the Kimura-2-Parameter (K2P) between specimens was 0.51% at the species level and 8.34% at the genus level. Overall, this study has provided the COI sequence database of grouper for the Simeulue and Banyak Islands.
Behaviour of Wild, Non-Adult Bornean White-Bearded Gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in Indonesia Cheyne, Susan; Quiroga, C. Julia; Moise, Kate L.; Mawdsley, Claire E.; Astaras, Christos; K, Abdulaziz; Cahyaningrum, Eka
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.957-968

Abstract

Primates have an extended juvenile period associated with critical social and environmental learning. In particular, social play is positively associated with brain size in primates, indicating an important role in cognition and development. However, this behaviour has been overlooked in the Hylobatidae family. The activity patterns of eight non-adult Bornean white-bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) from four groups were studied in the Sebangau peat-swamp forest in Borneo from 2005 to 2019. We compare our findings to previous reports for adult conspecifics, report the directionality of non-adult play behaviour, and examine whether the weather impacts daily activity patterns. Feeding (39.5%), resting (27.6%) and travelling (23%) were the main activities of juveniles, while infants mostly played (42.1%) or clung to their mothers (38.3%). Non-adult groups socialised and observed their surroundings more often, and they travelled and called less often than adults. Feeding and resting frequency did not differ significantly from that of adults. Infants engaged in self-centred play twice as often as juveniles and directed most of their playing attention towards sub-adults (58%). Weather variables, previously reported to be good predictors of certain adult activities, such as singing, did not appear to affect infant and juvenile activities. Play is a critical part of primate physical and social development, and this study describes some key behaviours of young gibbons. Understanding the play behaviour of gibbons in the wild will help inform the rehabilitation of an ever-increasing number of orphaned individuals who are victims of the illegal pet trade.
Pharmacognostical Evaluation, Growth Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. Salawu, Kayode Muritala; Balogun, Quadri Olayinka; Sulaiman, Hikmat Opeyemi; Ologe, Mary Funmi; Salawu, Oluwatoyosi Olatoun
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1010-1024

Abstract

The absence of pharmacognostic criteria and inadequate crude drug quality control yardsticks are the primary reasons for medicinal plant misidentification, therapeutic failure, and toxicity associated with herbal medicines. This study aims to identify the macroscopic and microscopic features, physicochemical properties, important chemical constituents, and antioxidant and growth inhibitory potential of Chasmanthera dependens, a species found in the rainforest of West Africa. A detailed pharmacognostic evaluation of C. dependens was carried out, including macroscopic and microscopic characterization, phytochemical screening, and physicochemical analysis. Antioxidant and growth-inhibitory bioassays were performed to assess its bioactivity. Chasmanthera dependens is characterized by a cylindrical, partly long, rough-surfaced twig with evergreen, cordate leaves. Its exudate is odorless but slightly sweet, with a bitter aftertaste. Microscopic analysis revealed covering trichomes on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, with an anomocytic type of stomata only on the abaxial surface. The chemical analysis showed the fruit is rich in phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, as well as important micronutrients such as zinc, copper, cadmium, magnesium, manganese, protein, lipids, and fiber. The extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant and growth-inhibitory effects. This study provides the first detailed pharmacognostic features of C. dependens, contributing valuable data for its identification, quality control, and potential medicinal applications.
Evaluation of the 90-Day Administration of Cyperus rotundus Tubers on Nrf2, SOD, and MDA Profiles by Flow Cytometry Setiawan, Meddy; Lestari, Noviana Dwi; Agustini, Sulistyo Mulyo
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1025-1032

Abstract

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) are components involved in the antioxidant system and the body's response to oxidative stress. The bioactive compounds of Cyperus rotundus tuber (CRT) have pharmacological effects as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CRT administration for 90 days on the profiles of Nrf2, SOD, and MDA. 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study and divided into 4 treatment groups: Control, dose 1 (300 mg/kg BW), dose 2 (600 mg/kg BW), and dose 3 (900 mg/kg BW). Oral administration of CRT was carried out for 90 days. On day 91, liver isolation was performed to determine the profiles of Nrf2, SOD, and MDA using Flow Cytometry. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA with P<0.05 was conducted using SPSS. The administration of CRT to Wistar rats for 90 days did not induce toxic or harmful effects. The Nrf2 and MDA profiles did not show excessive activation with CRT administration. The SOD profile increased with D1 administration compared to the control and other doses. The administration of CRT for 90 days has the potential to be used as a natural alternative to address diseases related to oxidative stress.
Detection of the Yersinia enterocolitica Bacteria Targeting the myfA and ystA Genes in Contaminated Vegetable Samples using Real-Time PCR to Develop Rapid Detection of Food Poisoning Bacteria Nurjayadi, Muktiningsih; Anggraeni, Rosita GIo; Putri, Gladys Indira; Declan, Jefferson Lynford; Juliansyah, Dandy Akbar; Fahriza, Tiara; Putri, Adinda Myra Amalia; Berkahingrum, Ayu; Rahmawati, Atikah Nur; Kartika, Irma Ratna; Kurniadewi, Fera; Sukmawati, Dalia; Rahayu, Sri; Saamia, Vira; Wiranatha, I Made; Abomoelak, Bassam; El-Enshasy, Hesham Ali
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.989-1002

Abstract

Yersinia enterocolitica is a pathogenic bacterium with the ability to survive and multiply in food in a low-temperature environment that can cause death in humans. In previous studies, the optimum annealing temperature of ymoA, ystA, and ail gene primers with amplicons of 185 bp, 123 bp, and 192 bp, respectively, was successfully found. This study aims to develop a pathogenic bacteria detection kit with confirmation, sensitivity, and specificity of myfA and ystA primers in detecting Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria quickly and accurately using the real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The results showed that myfA and ystA primers have optimum annealing temperatures at 60°C with amplicon lengths of 181 bp and 123 bp, respectively. Primer myfA was able to amplify the target with real-time PCR at Ct 12.07±1 and Tm 81±1°C, while the ystA primer at Ct 12.38±1 and Tm 83±1°C. myfA and ystA primers were also able to distinguish target and non-target bacteria based on Ct or Tm. The designed primers successfully detected Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria with the smallest concentration of 0.000439 ng/µL equivalent to 7.024 × 102 CFU. The detection limit obtained is smaller than the contamination threshold set by the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). Primer myfA and ystA Yersinia enterocolitica also successfully detected the target bacteria in cabbage and lettuce samples artificially. Based on these results, myfA and ystA primers successfully detected Yersinia enterocolitica in vegetable samples using real-time PCR quickly, sensitively, specifically, and accurately.

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