Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
The MOLEKUL is dedicated to fostering advancements in all branches of chemistry and its diverse sub-disciplines. It aims to publish high-quality research encompassing a wide range of topics, including but not limited to Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biological Activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry. By providing a platform for rigorous scientific inquiry and dissemination of knowledge, the journal strives to contribute to the understanding, innovation, and practical applications of chemistry in various fields. We encourage submissions that explore new methodologies, elucidate fundamental principles, address pressing challenges, and demonstrate the potential for real-world impact. Our journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and perspectives from researchers, scholars, and professionals across the global scientific community, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and the advancement of chemical sciences. The scope of this journal encompasses a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on advancing knowledge and innovation in the following areas: 1. Theoretical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry: This includes theoretical studies, computational modeling, and experimental investigations related to chemical reactivity, molecular structures, spectroscopy, and the environmental fate and impact of chemicals. 2. Materials Synthesis for Energy and Environmental Applications: The journal welcomes research on the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for energy storage, catalysis, solar energy conversion, pollution mitigation, and sustainable environmental technologies. 3. Isolation, Purification, and Modification of Biomolecules: Manuscripts addressing the isolation, purification, and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, along with their applications in areas such as biotechnology, drug discovery, and diagnostics, are of particular interest. 4. Fabrication, Development, and Validation of Analytical Methods: The journal encourages submissions focusing on the development and optimization of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Topics may include method validation, sample preparation, quality control, and applications in diverse fields.
Articles
218 Documents
<![CDATA[Molecular Docking Analysis of Hydroxy Chalcones and Flavones from Anisaldehyde and Veratraldehyde as EGFR Inhibitors: Predicting Anticancer Potential ]]>
<![CDATA[Pambudi, Wisnu]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryadi, Winarto]]>;
<![CDATA[Matsjeh, Sabirin]]>;
<![CDATA[Anwar, Chairil]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.8956
<![CDATA[This study aimed to investigate the potential of hydroxy chalcone and flavone derivatives as inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with anticancer properties. Molecular docking simulations were conducted using Autodock Tools 1.5.6 and Discovery Studio visualizer. The EGFR protein structure with the PDB code 1M17 was utilized as the receptor, explicitly targeting the binding pocket. Redocking of the reference ligand erlotinib yielded a binding energy of -7.51 kcal mol-1 with an RMSD of 0.54 Å, confirming the accuracy of the docking protocol. The hydroxy chalcone and flavone derivatives exhibited binding energies ranging from -6.50 to -7.67 kcal mol-1 when interacting with the EGFR protein. Among the studied compounds, compound 2',5'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone (1g) displayed the lowest binding energy. Interactions involving amino acids such as Met769, Ala719, Thr766, Lys721, and Glu738 were identified as crucial hydrogen bonding interactions between the ligands and the EGFR protein. These findings suggest that 2',5'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone holds strong potential as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, positioning it as a promising candidate for further development as an anticancer agent. The outcomes of the computational analysis conducted through the pkCSM online platform indicated that the chemical 2',5'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone had favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and showed low toxicity levels. Keywords: molecular docking, hydroxy chalcone, flavone, egfr, ADMET]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant and Antiatherogenic Responses of Black Solo Garlic in Alloxan-Induced White Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[saryono, Saryono]]>;
<![CDATA[Proverawati, Atikah]]>;
<![CDATA[Jehloh, Latifah]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 3 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9027
<![CDATA[The association between the consumption of black solo garlic (SG) and the increase in antioxidant enzymes and the ability to prevent atherogenicity has not been studied much. This study aims to examine the antioxidant and antiatherogenic capacities of black solo garlic in aloksan induced rats. This study used a true experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach with a control group design. The sample of 30 Wistar rats was randomly divided into 6 groups: a healthy control, a negative control, treatment at doses of 6.5, 13.5, and 26 g/KgBW, and positive controls receiving vitamin C at a dose of 1 g/kgBW. The outcomes demonstrated that following the induction, MDA, CRP, LDL, and IL-6 levels increased, while SOD and GSH-Px enzyme levels decreased. After treatment with black solo garlic for 14 days, there was an increase in the enzymes SOD and GSH-Px, as well as a significant decrease in levels of MDA, IL-6, CRP, and LDL in experimental animals. The SG dose of 13.5 g/kg BW is the most effective dose in this study. The active compounds in SG function as antioxidants in preventing atherogenic events.]]>
<![CDATA[Bioactivity of Papua Red Fruit Extract (Pandanus conoideus L.) Against Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde and Blood Glucose of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hyperglycemia ]]>
<![CDATA[Mokosuli, Yermia Semuel]]>;
<![CDATA[Migau, Natalina]]>;
<![CDATA[Wurarah, Masje]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9029
<![CDATA[Red fruit (Pandanus conodus L.) is a plant native to Papua, ethnomedical used as a traditional medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. However, research on the bioactivity of red fruit is still very poorly reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive content, antioxidant bioactivity and the effect of lowering blood glucose in hyperglycemic rats. Red fruit has extracted used the maceration method with 95% ethanol. Analysis of active compound content using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC MS). Analysis of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and blood glucose levels was carried out using the in vivo method using white rats. The research results showed that red fruit ethanol extract contained 173 compounds from six main groups of compounds. Red fruit extract has effective in reducing MDA levels in hyperglycemic mice. K4 and K5 treatments were the best treatments for reducing MDA. Red fruit extract affects the duration of induction of increased SOD in hyperglycemic rats. Treatments K4 and K5 were the best treatments for SOD induction. Red fruit extract affects reducing blood glucose in hyperglycemic mice. Red fruit extract has antioxidant activity and lowers blood glucose. Red fruit extract has the potential to be developed as a source of bioactive antioxidants and antidiabetics. Keywords: Glucose, hyperglycemia, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase]]>
<![CDATA[Glycine-modulated Zirconium Perylene-based Metal-Organic Framework for Rhodamin B Photocatalytic Degradation ]]>
<![CDATA[Zulys, Agustino]]>;
<![CDATA[Defania, Mella]]>;
<![CDATA[Gunlazuardi, Jarnuzi]]>;
<![CDATA[Adawiah, Adawiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 3 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9126
<![CDATA[Photocatalysis employing Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) material may degrade Rhodamin B pollutant. MOF photocatalytic activity can be adjusted by altering the ligands, metal ions, and modulators. This research aims to synthesize glycine-modulated zirconium perylene-based metal organic framework (Zr-PTCA-Gly) for Rhodamin B photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. The activated Zr-PTCA-Gly exhibits good catalytic activity to degrade Rhodamine B with a 95% degradation efficiency.]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Characterization of A Fascinating Coordination Polymer Metal-Organic Framework Featuring Cobalt (II) and 4,4'-Bipyridine ]]>
<![CDATA[Kurniawan, Cepi]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.2.9199
<![CDATA[ABSTRACT. This investigation delineates the fabrication, comprehensive characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of a one-dimensional Cobalt-based Metal-Organic Framework (Co-MOFs), constructed from 4,4’-Bipyridine ligands and Cobalt (II) ions. The study aimed to perfect the synthesis protocol, elucidate the structural and compositional attributes of the resultant MOF, and probe its electrochemical performance. Utilizing the reflux method, renowned for its efficacy and eco-compatibility, we synthesized the MOF and affirmed its formation through a suite of analytical techniques, including Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and electrical conductivity measurements. The synthesized Co-MOFs, chemically notated as [Co2(4,4'-bpy)2(SO4)(H2O)2]SO4·H2O, manifested as a one-dimensional coordination polymer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis unveiled its monoclinic crystallinity within the C2 space group. Electrochemical characterization uncovered a reversible redox system, evidenced by a robust peak current ratio (IPa/IPc = 7.5), indicative of efficient electron transfer processes. Furthermore, the Co-MOFs significantly augmented the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline aqueous solution, highlighting its potential as a superior catalyst in energy-related electrochemical applications. This work not only contributes to the field of MOF synthesis but also sets the stage for future explorations into their practical applications in sustainable energy systems. Keywords: Electrochemical properties, metal-organic framework, oxigen evolution reaction catalyst, 4,4’-bipyridine.]]>
<![CDATA[Antimalarial Activity of Mangrove Plants and Possible Mechanisms of Action: A Scoping Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Rizki, Andita Fitri Mutiara]]>;
<![CDATA[Azmi, Wihda Aisarul]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhaimin, Muhaimin]]>;
<![CDATA[Louisa, Melva]]>;
<![CDATA[Artika, I Made]]>;
<![CDATA[Siregar, Josephine Elizabeth]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9236
<![CDATA[Malaria is one of life threatening-infectious diseases with high mortality rate in African regions. Malaria is also one of public health problem in most of Southeast Asia (SEA) regions. This disease is caused by a Apicomplexan parasite; Plasmodium sp., which can be transmitted from humans to humans via Anopheles sp. To date, the need of a new antimalarial drug is still high, due to the rapid increase of drug resistance. Natural-derived drug candidates are still being used by researchers to develop new antimalarials. One of the natural resources which could potentially be a source of antimalarial agents are mangrove plants. Traditionally, mangrove plants have been employed as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to identify, evaluate and summarize findings of newly found antimalarial drug activity from mangrove plants and elaborate the possible mechanism of actions in killing the parasites. From several databases, we found six mangrove species which have been suggested as potential antimalarial sources. Various phytochemical compounds in extracts made from those plants were revealed to exert antimalarial activity. These include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, coumarins, triterpenes, glycosides, and anthraquinones which were indicated to have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium. From eight studies investigating mangrove plant extracts, no toxic effects were shown. Therefore, considering the available evidences, we suggested that mangrove plants can be used as a source for the discovery of antimalarial compounds with promising activities against Plasmodium sp. However, deeper understanding on the exact mechanisms of their actions still requires further elucidation. Keywords: Antimalaria, Anthraquinone, Mangrove, Plasmodium sp., Protozoa]]>
<![CDATA[Triterpenoids From Swietenia mahagoni L Jacq. and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer and CV-1 Normal Kidney Cell Lines ]]>
<![CDATA[Supratman, Unang]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdullah, Fajar Fauzi]]>;
<![CDATA[Farabi, Kindi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurlelasari, Nurlelasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Awang, Khalijah]]>;
<![CDATA[Nafiah, Mohamad Azlan]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.2.9358
<![CDATA[ABSTRACT. Triterpenoid is a group of natural products with various remarkable activities, including cytotoxic. One of the sources for this type of compounds is Swietenia genus belong to Meliaceae family. This genus known to contains various secondary metabolites including limonoids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Especially for triterpenoid, there is limited report on isolation as well as biological activity from Swietenia genus, such as Swietenia mahagoni. In this research, three triterpenoid compounds have been successively isolated and identified from n-hexane extract, namely, (-)-leucophyllone (1), toonaciliatavarin E (2), and moronic acid (3). All isolated were assed against MCF-7 breast cancer and CV-1 normal kidney cell lines. The result showed that only moronic acid (3) performed moderate activity against two cells with IC50 of 63.10 and 48.04 µM, respectively. The other isolated compounds (1 and 2) showed weak cytotoxicity with IC50 > 500 µM. Based on preliminary structure activity relationship, revealed that pentacyclic triterpenoid (moronic acid, 3) showed stronger cytotoxicity compare with tetracyclic triterpenoids (-)-leucophyllone (1) and toonaciliatavarin E (2). Keyword: Cytotoxicity, MCF-7 and CV-1, Switennia mahagoni, Triterpenoids.]]>
<![CDATA[The Sesquiterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Dysoxylum excelsum and Their Cytotoxic Activities against HeLa Cancer Cell Lines ]]>
<![CDATA[Supratman, Unang]]>;
<![CDATA[Kautsari, Arsi]]>;
<![CDATA[Naini, Al Arofatus]]>;
<![CDATA[Riyadi, Sandra Amalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Mayanti, Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Harizon, Harizon]]>;
<![CDATA[Fajriah, Sofa]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9406
<![CDATA[Sesquiterpenoids belong to a group of terpenoid compounds with interesting structures that are abundant in natural products especially in higher plants. Sesquiterpenoids have a wide variety of bioactivities with great potential cytotoxic activity. The species Dysoxylum excelsum belongs to the Meliaceae family known as higher plant, but only a few sesquiterpenoids have been reported particularly for their cytotoxic activity. Therefore, this research aims to isolate and elucidate the sesquiterpenoids structure from D. excelsum stem bark and examines their cytotoxicity against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Through various column chromatography separations, four known sesquiterpenes namely β-caryophyllene oxide (1), caryophyllenol II (2), humulene dioxide A (3), and guai-6-en-10β-ol (4) were acquired from the n-hexane extract. Compounds 1-4 were isolated for the first time from D. excelsum species. The sesquiterpenoid structures were elucidated according to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infrared, and HR-TOF-MS analysis. The cytotoxicity compounds 1-4 was determined against HeLa cervical cancer cells by examination with the PrestoBlue method and compound 3 exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 160.74 µM. Keywords: cytotoxic activity, Dysoxylum excelsum, HeLa, Meliaceae, sesquiterpenoid.]]>
<![CDATA[Chitinase Enzyme-Producing Endophytic Bacterias From the Roots of the Plant Gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera): Isolation, Characterization and its Potential as an Antifungal Agent ]]>
<![CDATA[Yunita, Vivi Alfi]]>;
<![CDATA[Natsir, Hasnah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad, Ahyar]]>;
<![CDATA[Baharuddin, Maswati]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9422
<![CDATA[Chitinase is an enzyme of the chitinolytic group that has many roles in agriculture, especially as an antifungal, because chitin is one of the constituent components of the fungal cell wall. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera) roots and to characterize the chitinase enzyme from these endophytic bacteria to be used as an antifungal. Isolation and identification of gembolo plant root endophytic bacteria using PCR method of 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Characterization of the chitinase enzyme produced includes determining of optimum pH, temperature, and substrate UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antagonistic test of the chitinase enzyme and endophytic bacterial isolates (isolate K4) Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that bacterial isolate K4 had with chitinolytic index of 2.45 mm. Electrophoresis results with PCR 16s rRNA gene; the length of the amplified fragment is the position of 1300 bp. By doing the BLAST process in GenBank, the bacterial isolate has 97.93% similarity with Enterobacter cloacae. Then, this endophytic bacteria is called Enterobacter cloacae K4-G. This bacterium produced chitinase enzyme reaching maximum chitinase activity at the 38 hours with an activity of 0.0312 U/mL. The chitinase characterization results of E. cloacae K4-G showed that the optimum conditions were reached at at pH 6, temperature 45 ᵒC, and 2.5% substrate with a chitinase activity value of 0.2467 U/mL. Chitinase enzyme and bacteria Enterobacter cloacae K4-G can inhibit the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Therefore, Chitinase from Enterobacter cloacae K4-G can be used as an antifungal pathogen in plants.]]>
<![CDATA[Adsorption of Methylene Blue using the Biosorbent of Coconut Fiber Activated by Nitric Acid ]]>
<![CDATA[Baunsele, Anselmus Boy]]>;
<![CDATA[Kopon, Aloisius Masan]]>;
<![CDATA[Boelan, Erly Grizca]]>;
<![CDATA[Leba, Maria A. U.]]>;
<![CDATA[Komisia, Faderina]]>;
<![CDATA[Tukan, Maria B.]]>;
<![CDATA[Taek, Maximus M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Tukan, Gerardus D.]]>;
<![CDATA[Missa, Hildegardis]]>;
<![CDATA[Siswanta, Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Naat, Johnson N.]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahayu, Rahayu]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9443
<![CDATA[The textile industry in the world keeps increasing, but it harms environmental pollution caused by textile dye waste. Synthetic dyes contain carcinogenic and mutagenic ingredients that can demage the environment and aquatic biota. The alternative to handling dye pollution with a low-cost method is adsorption using nitric acid-activated coconut fiber. Coconut fiber was an abundant agricultural waste and economical, and it had an active site that contained many compounds such as cellulose, lignin, pyroligneous acid, and tannin molecules. This study used the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis method to determine the effect of pH, contact time, and coconut fiber on the adsorption capacity of methylene blue. The result showed that the optimal conditions for adsorption were a pH of 5, a contact time of 75 minutes, and a percentage adsorption of the variation of contact time of 99.628%. The adsorption study was according to a pseudo-second-order reaction with a constant reaction rate of 0.050 g mg-1 minute-1. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2 mg g-1, with the percentage of methylene blue adsorbed at 99.84%. Adsorption occurs chemically with an energy of 35.4 kJ mol-1, so it can be determined that it occurs with a monolayer mechanism.]]>
