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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 576 Documents
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Effect of Ethanol Extract of Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves on the Estrous Cycle in Female Mice (Mus musculus) Zahro, Maulidatuz; Harlita, Harlita
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.313-317

Abstract

Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves contain primary secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids that have the potential to inhibit fertility by interfering with ovarian, uterus, or vaginal function. One of the parameters that can be used to assess the antifertility potential of a compound or herbal extract is the estrous cycle. This study aimed to determine the effect of cherry leaves ethanol extract intake on the estrous cycle in female mice (Mus musculus). This study used a Complete Random Design (CRD) with 3 treatments, namely control of Na CMC 1% (C), cherry leaves extract at a dose of 125 mg/kg of mice body weight (T1), and 250 mg/kg of mice body weight (T2), each with 3 replicates. The results showed that cherry leaves ethanol extract did not have a significant effect on the length of the estrous cycle of mice analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test (Asymp value. Sig > 0.05), although there is a tendency for the estrous cycle in the treatment group to be longer than the control group. This study provides insights for follow-up research with more diverse doses, treatment duration, and reproductive parameters in determining the antifertility activity of an herbal metabolite compound.
Microstructural Mechanisms of Sugarcane Bagasse Biodegradation by Locally Isolated Tropical Cellulolytic Fungi for Environmentally Friendly Composting Widiani, Nurhaida; Winandari, Ovi Prasetya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.279-283

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse is a highly recalcitrant lignocellulosic residue that decomposes slowly under natural conditions, requiring an effective biological agent to accelerate composting. This study evaluated the effectiveness of locally isolated tropical cellulolytic fungi in enhancing bagasse biodegradation based on macromorphological changes and microstructural evidence obtained through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Four treatments were tested: uninoculated control (P0), single inoculum A (P1), single inoculum B (P2), and consortium A+B (P3), with composting conducted for 56 days under a modified Takakura system. The consortium treatment (P3) exhibited the most advanced compost maturity, characterized by darker coloration, brittle texture, granular structure, and a distinct earthy odor. SEM micrographs further confirmed the greatest extent of lignocellulose breakdown in P3, showing deep longitudinal fissures, fibril delamination, lumen collapse, high porosity, and dense hyphal and spore colonization. These findings indicate that the consortium of cellulolytic fungi accelerates lignocellulose depolymerization through synergistic extracellular enzymatic activity, leading to faster decomposition than single isolates. Overall, the results highlight the bioconversion potential of indigenous tropical fungal consortia as environmentally friendly bioactivators for sustainable management of sugarcane bagasse and other lignocellulosic wastes.
Optimization of Riau Local Lactic Acid Bacteria Concentration and Evaluation of Cell and Supernatant Antifungal Activity Against Aspergillus parasiticus Nasution, Musyirna Rahmah; Agistia, Nesa; Habeahan, Dita Bina Julianti; Saryono, Saryono
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.401-409

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of producing bioactive metabolites that can inhibit the growth of molds, including Aspergillus parasiticus. However, the potential of local LAB strains from Riau as biocontrol agents has not been extensively explored. This study aimed to optimize the concentration of LAB isolated from Riau to obtain the best antifungal activity, evaluate the effectiveness of their supernatants against the growth of A. parasiticus, and assess their potential application in food commodities.The antifungal activity of cell suspensions was tested using the well-diffusion method with varying concentrations (OD). Cell-free supernatants were analyzed through dilution assays to determine the percentage of fungal inhibition. Application testing was conducted on corn kernels as a biocontrol model. The results showed that increasing LAB cell density correlated with a larger inhibition zone against the mold. The two best isolates, S28 and AERH7, at OD 0.8 and 48 hours of incubation, produced inhibition zones of 18.67 mm and 17.58 mm, respectively. The supernatants of both isolates also demonstrated strong activity, with inhibition percentages of 72.17% and 64.39%, confirming the role of LAB metabolites in antifungal activity. Application on corn kernels further showed a visible reduction in mold growth compared to the control.This study concludes that LAB strains from Riau possess significant potential as natural biocontrol agents against A. parasiticus. These findings provide practical benefits for developing microbial-based biopreservation strategies to enhance food safety and quality.
Unveiling the Synergistic Multi-Target Antidiabetic Mechanism of Indonesian Scientific Jamu Formulation: A Computational Study Prasetiyo, Andri; Sugiarto, Teguh; Mulatsari, Esti; Mumpuni, Esti; Junky, Vandrico; Adipura, Fadhiil Muhammad Dzaki; Nainggolan, Claudya Fransiska Pratamauli
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.357-364

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the multi-target antidiabetic potential of bioactive compounds within the Indonesian Scientific Jamu formulation (consisting of Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Cinnamomum burmannii, and Syzygium polyanthum) via an in silico approach targeting PPAR-gamma, DPP-4, AKR1C3, and SGLT2. Molecular docking simulations were performed to screen 238 bioactive compounds using Molegro Virtual Docker to predict binding affinities, while ADMET properties were analyzed using pkCSM. The simulation revealed that Cinnamoside, Procyanidin B2, Bisandrographolide B, and Gemin D exhibited the lowest energy on their respective targets. Significantly, 2,6-Di-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose emerged as a superior multi-target compound, consistently outperforming standard drugs (Pioglitazone, Teneligliptin, Glimepiride, and Empagliflozin) against all four receptors. It was concluded that the formulation contained potent compounds acting through a synergistic multi-target mechanism, specifically 2,6-Di-O-galloyl-?-D-glucose, providing a molecular rationale for the formulation’s clinical efficacy.
In Vivo Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Sapindus rarak (Lerak) and Host Immunological Profiles in an Escherichia coli Infection Model Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.319-324

Abstract

This study evaluated the in vivo antibacterial activity of Sapindus rarak (lerak) extract and its effects on host immune responses during Escherichia coli infection. Lerak contains saponins and other bioactive compounds that have shown promising antimicrobial effects in vitro, but in vivo evidence remains limited. Male BALB/c mice were assigned to healthy, infected control, and three treatment groups receiving low, medium, or high doses of lerak extract. All infected groups were orally challenged with pathogenic E. coli and treated for seven days. Clinical signs, bacterial load, cytokines, immunoglobulin levels, and tissue histopathology were assessed. Mice in the infected control group developed weight loss, diarrhea, and systemic signs of infection, whereas those receiving lerak extract showed milder symptoms, especially at higher doses. Lerak significantly reduced bacterial counts in intestinal and systemic tissues, with the strongest effect in the high-dose group. Treatment also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and increased IL-10, indicating a shift toward controlled inflammation. Serum IgA levels were elevated in treated mice, suggesting enhanced mucosal protection. Histopathology confirmed reduced epithelial damage and inflammatory infiltration in the intestine, liver, and spleen. These findings suggest that lerak extract exerts both antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Its dual activity highlights its potential as a plant-derived therapeutic candidate for managing enteric infections caused by E. coli. Further fractionation and mechanistic studies are warranted to identify active compounds and clarify biological pathways involved.
Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptocic Induction of Dicloromethane Fraction Nauclea subdita on WiDr Colon Cancer Cell Kurniawan, Hengki; Masriani, Masriani; Muharini, Rini
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.285-292

Abstract

Colon cancer is one of the most deadly cancers in the world. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often limited, especially in metastatic cancer. Therefore, the development of alternative therapies, such as chemoprevention, becomes very important. This study aimed to test the anticancer potential of bengkal (Nauclea subdita) stem bark against WiDr colon cancer cells through cytotoxic, cell cycle, and apoptocic assays. The stem bark of bengkal was extracted using n-hexane and ethanol, then fractionated using dichloromethane (DCM). The results of the cytotoxic test using the MTT method showed that the DCM pH 3 fraction had the highest cytotoxic potential with an IC50 value of 112.81 ± 22.55 µg/mL against WiDr cells. However, the Selectivity Index (IS) value of the DCM pH 3 fraction showed low selectivity (<2). Cell cycle assay using flow cytometry indicated that DCM pH 3 fraction was able to inhibit cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, apoptocic test with Annexin V-FTIC/PI method showed that DCM fraction pH 3 triggered apoptocic mechanism in WiDr cancer cells. This study provides preliminary evidence that DCM fraction pH 3 of bengkal stem bark has anticancer potential against WiDr colon cancer cells, thus DCM fraction pH 3 of bengkal stem bark can be a source of WiDr colon anticancer agent.
Multi-Conformation Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study of Neolignan Compounds from Ocimum sanctum L. Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha Fauzi, Fawwaz Muhammad; Kameliani, Desti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.411-420

Abstract

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-mediated breast cancer is the main target of hormone therapy. However, the long-term use of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) however, can lead to side effects and resistance. This study evaluated how well selected phenolic derivatives from Ocimum sanctum L. to various ER? conformations and to assess the initial stability of selected ligand-receptor complexes in silico. Five compounds, dominated by the neolignan group with one flavonoid derivative, were molecularly docked against four ERalpha structures representing the apo, agonist, and SERM states using AutoDock-GPU, with method validation through co-crystal ligand redocking. The binding affinity and key residue interactions were analyzed to assess cross-conformation consistency. The most stable ligand candidates were further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations for 30 ns in the agonist and SERM conformations to evaluate the initial structural stabilities of the protein–ligand complexes. The docking results showed that most compounds had ERalpha conformation-dependent affinity; however, Tulsinol D exhibited the most consistent affinity profile and maintained interactions with key ERalpha residues across all tested conformations. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the ERalpha–Tulsinol D complex had good initial stability, characterized by protein backbone stability, reasonable residue flexibility, maintained structural compactness, and stable ligand positioning within the binding pocket. Based on these results, Tulsinol D has potential as an in silico candidate inhibitor of ER? based on phenolic metabolites from O. sanctum and warrants further investigation through advanced computational studies and experimental validation.
The Potential of Red Algae Methanol Extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as an Antibacterial Agent Toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria Novitasari, Nabila; Yulianti, Evy; Mercuriani, Ixora Sartika; Sugiyarto, Lili; Ariyanti, Nur Aeni
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.%p

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Red algae (Kappaphycus alvarezii) contain bioactive compounds derived from secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study investigates the potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii methanol extract to inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 using the microdilution broth method, determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from a concentration of 500 µg/mL to 1.9531 µg/mL. To elucidate the inhibition mechanism, nucleic acid, protein, and Ca2+ ion leakage assay were performed via spectrophotometry at MIC 1, MIC 2, and MIC 3 concentrations. Morphological changes in the bacterial cell membrane were further examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at MIC 2. The results demonstrated that, the methanol extract of K. alvarezii exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria with an MIC value of 1.9531 µg/mL, but showed no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract inducted membrane leakage, as indicated by a higher leakage value compared to negative controls and commercial antibiotics. In addition, the methanol extract of K. alvarezii caused alterations in bacterial cells. These findings highlight the potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii methanol extract as a promising antibacterial agent.
Antioxidant Activity Analysis Using DPPH and Total Phenol Methods of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata L.) Wati, Dwi Kartika; Amrullah, Kammal Nizam; Mukarommah, Salsabilatul; Sjakoer, Nour Athiroh Abdoes; Faisal, Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Nafisa, Nafisa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.325-330

Abstract

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) are known to contain various bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of soursop leaf extract using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and to determine its total phenolic content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed at extract concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm, with quercetin used as a positive control. The results showed that the soursop leaf extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 9,486 ppm. The total phenolic content of the extract was relatively high, ranging from 102,929 to 195,702 mg GAE/g extract. The strong antioxidant activity observed is likely associated with the high content of phenolic compounds, which play a crucial role in scavenging free radicals. These findings suggest that soursop leaf extract has significant potential as a natural antioxidant source for applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Optimizing Injection Techniques for Avian Embryos: A Practical Model for Experimental Embryology Fitriyah, Nurin Nadzifatil; Suryani, Suryani; Rochmawati, Din Fitri; Ulumi, Ahmad Nafi; Maulana, Abd El Rahman Irwan; Nasution, Putri Shavina Shaqynia; Rokhmah, Fa’iqotur
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.293-297

Abstract

Background:Avian embryos such as chickens and ducks offer an ethical and practical model to study early development and test experimental procedures. However, differences in in-ovo injection techniques can affect embryo survival and the consistency of results. This study aimed to find the most effective injection method to improve the success and reproducibility of avian embryo research. Methods: A total of 60 fertilized eggs (30 chicken and 30 duck eggs) were used. They were randomly assigned into six groups: control, horizontal injection, and vertical injection (10 eggs per group for each species). Each treated egg received 0.25 mL of sterile 0.9% saline through a fine 27G syringe and was incubated at 37±0.5°C with 55–60% humidity for five days. Embryo growth was evaluated daily based on the formation of blood vessels, which can be seen by examining the eggs, and differences in egg weight. After the fifth day, the eggs are broken open and the embryos are observed by body length, morphology formation. Results: Vertical injection through the pointed end of the egg resulted in the highest normal development rates (70% in chickens and 80% in ducks). In contrast, horizontal injection caused almost complete growth failure, while control embryos developed normally. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of injection orientation on embryo survival (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Injecting vertically through the pointed end of the egg is a reliable and low risk method for manipulating avian embryos. This optimized approach ensures better embryo survival and can be applied in future studies involving developmental biology, toxicology testing, stem cell research, and gene editing experiments.

Page 55 of 58 | Total Record : 576

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