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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 17, No 1 (2025)" : 10 Documents clear
Inhibition of Neurogenesis and Induction of Glial Scar Formation by Neuroinflammation Following Ischemic Stroke: Evaluation of BDNF, GFAP, HMGB1 and TNF-α Expressions Widayati, Aris; Rantam, Fedik Abdul; Machin, Abdulloh; Riawan, Wibi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3439

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke remains as a major health problem and one important process in Ischemic Stroke is neuroinflammation which has a principal role to maintain the balance of neurogenesis and neurodegeneration process in the brain. Neuroinflammation can lead to glial scar and inhibit neurogenesis processes which is needed for recovery neuron function. This study was conducted to observe the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as neuroinflammation markers to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as glial scar marker and to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as neurogenesis marker in brain tissue following ischemic stroke.METHODS: Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomized to three groups; sham group, rats receiving occlusion and terminated 180 minutes later (group A), and rats receiving occlusion and terminated after 7 days (group B). Expressions of BDNF and BDNF mRNA were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. While GFAP, HMGB1, TNF-α were assessed using IHC.RESULTS: Expression of BDNF was found lower in group A and group B than in sham group (5.20±1.924, 5.00±1.581, and 7.80±1.304, respectively; p=0.032). Expression of BNDF mRNA was found lower in group A and B than in sham group as well. While expression of GFAP was found higher in group A and B than in sham group (9.60±1.517, 11.40±2.074, and 5.20±1.48, respectively; p=0.000). Higher level of HMGB1 and TNF-α expressions were also found to in group A and group B than in sham group (9.3±1.528, 11.67±1.528, and 2.00±1.000, respectively; p=0.000 for HMGB1 and 6.33±1.155, 9.33±1.528, and 3.00±1.000, respectively; p=0.002 for TNF-α).CONCLUSION: The presence of low BDNF levels and high levels of GFAP, HMGB1 and TNF-α markers, possibly reflects inhibition of the neurogenesis process by neuroinflammation, and induced glial scar formation in ischemic stroke conditions after than 180 hours until 7 days. KEYWORDS: ischemic stroke, BDNF, GFAP, TNF-α, HMGB1
Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Development and Target Therapy Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3408

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures that enclose proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can either stimulate or inhibit tumor growth in various malignancies through paracrine signaling. Tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs), often described as "wounds that never heal," actively participate in the development, propagation, and metastasis of tumors, impacting the immunological state of the tumor microenvironment. For instance, TA-MSCs can alter immune cell recruitment and cytokine production, leading to a pro-tumorigenic environment. Consequently, both the tumor and its microenvironment undergo functional alterations, the cargo of exosomes is modified, and an abnormal tumor-associated MSC phenotype is acquired. MSC-EVs contain exosome microRNA with both tumor-inhibitory and tumor-supportive effects. For example, MSC-EVs have been shown to deliver tumor-suppressive microRNAs that inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. This review outlines the criteria for the modification, isolation, and characterization of exosomes, as well as their application in cancer, providing insights for clinical use. By understanding these mechanisms, we can better harness MSC-EVs for therapeutic purposes.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, exosome, cancer therapy, drug delivery
Granule Nanoparticle Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Peel Lowers Blood Glucose Levels and HbA1C in Alloxan-induced Diabetes Rats Mutia, Maya Sari; Sipayung, Yelvreza Rastiani; Elmiam, Dwi; Sihotang, Widya Yanti; Lina, Juliana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3334

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The peel of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (sunkist orange) peels, which are often seen as waste, actually contains valuable properties such as antioxidants, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, and anti-inflammatories. The potential effects of C. sinensis peel on diabetes have been discussed but not clear yet. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of Granule Nanoparticle Sunkist Peel (GNSP) extracts as an antidiabetic agent in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: The nanoparticle suspension was prepared by mixing a formulation of 0.2% chitosan and 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate. The characteristics of nanoparticles were measured by flow time, tap index and angle of repose. Rats were induced with alloxan injection to create diabetes rat models. Rats were divided into five groups; normal control group, diabetic controls, and diabetic rats receiving either 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day GNSP. After 28 days of diabetes induction, rats were euthanized, and blood as well as tissue samples were collected. Blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and histopathology of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were then assessed.RESULTS: The particle size of the synthesized material was 92.3 nm, which confirmed the nature of nanoparticle. The characteristics of the granule nanoparticle were also in accordance with the standards for drugs suitable for consumption. The administration of GNSP in dose dependent manner significantly decrease blood glucose levels and HbA1C to normal levels compared to control group (p<0.05). Histopathological analysis indicated recovery in pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues following GNSP administration.CONCLUSION: GNSP administration lowers blood glucose levels and HbA1C, as well as improved histopathological condition of pancreas, liver, and kidney in diabetic rats. These findings suggest the potential of utilizing GNSP as a potent antidiabetic agent.KEYWORDS: Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck, histopathology, hyperglycemia, nano medicine, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Transcriptional Regulation of CYP2D6 by Nrf2 and Its Implications in Breast Cancer Therapy: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence Siswanto, Ferbian Milas; Handayani, Maria Dara Novi; Lonah, Lonah; Dewi, Rita; Arieselia, Zita; Hananta, Linawati; Andarisuta, Putu Suwarastra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3194

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in patient with breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women globally. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is involved in the metabolism of TAM, and recently NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has recently been found as its regulator. However, the impact of Nrf2-mediated CYP2D6 regulation in the context of breast cancer and TAM resistance are currently unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 in breast cancer prognosis. MEDTHODS: The roles of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 were investigated in the T47D breast cancer cell line and T47D-derived TAM-resistant cells by examining the gene expression, cell viability, and transcriptional regulation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), MTT, and reporter gene assay, respectively. Additionally, comprehensive in silico analysis of the transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were performed to uncover the prognostic role of CYP2D6 and its regulator in breast cancer patients. RESULTS: CYP2D6 mRNA was low and Nrf2 protein was high in TAM-resistant T47D cells compared to parental cells. Nrf2 knockdown upregulated CYP2D6 mRNA levels and enhanced the cytotoxicity of TAM. Similarly, in silico analysis revealed that low CYP2D6 mRNA and high Nrf2 protein were related to a lower probability of survival. The rs1238662089 within the identified Nrf2-binding site was found to greatly affect CYP2D6 expression levels, indicating its role as predictor for better prognosis. CONCLUSION: This study revealed for the first time that Nrf2 regulates CYP2D6expression in breast cancer and is involved in TAM sensitivity; thus, plays a role in breast cancer patient prognosis.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, CYP2D6, Nrf2, pharmacoepigenetics, SNPs
Lower Ferrum, Selenium, and Cadmium; Higher Chromium and Lead Levels in Preeclampsia Patients’ Erythrocyte: A Cross-Sectional Study Prayudhana, Sandhy; Prasmusinto, Damar; Wibowo, Noroyono; Irwinda, Rima; Purwosunu, Yuditiya; Saroyo, Yudianto Budi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3257

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and trace elements in erythrocytes are linked to impaired nitric oxide that can lead to endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia patients. The morphology of erythrocytes could also be affected by oxidative stress and trace elements. While the relationships between erythrocyte index, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and oxidative stress in preeclampsia have been well established, less attention has been given to the erythrocyte trace elements and their role in disease progression. This study was performed to examine the erythrocyte trace element profile in women with preeclampsia, comparing it with controls. Additionally, it will explore the correlations between erythrocyte trace element levels, the erythrocyte index, and SOD activity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 pregnant women consisting of those with severe preeclampsia and normotensive. Erythrocytes was isolated from blood samples, and analysis of erythrocyte SOD activity and trace elements were performed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively.RESULTS: Among 15 examined erythrocyte trace elements, the levels of ferrum (Fe), selenium (Se), and cadmium (Cd) were significantly lower, meanwhile, the levels of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in preeclampsia subjects. Additionally, preeclampsia subjects exhibited smaller erythrocyte sizes compared to the normotensive subjects. The erythrocyte SOD activity was significantly elevated in the preeclampsia subjects than the normotensive subjects.CONCLUSION: Erythrocyte trace element levels of Fe, Se, Cd, Cr, and Pb were significantly altered in preeclampsia compared to normotensive controls. These findings suggest that these trace elements may serve as potential predictors for preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: preeclampsia, trace elements, antioxidant, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte index
Curcumin Enhances Antimigration of Pentagamavunon-1 by Suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expression in Triple-Negative (4T1) and Luminal A (T47D) Breast Cancer Cells Desty Restia Rahmawati; Edy Meiyanto; Riris Istighfari Jenie; Arief Nurrochmad
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3431

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Migration and invasion of cancer cells are still crucial stages in the metastasis process, highlighting the urgent need for treatments that target both proliferation and metastatic progression. Curcumin and its synthetic analogue, pentagamavunon (PGV)-1, exhibit antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells. However, the effects of combining curcumin and PGV-1 on cancer cell migration have not yet been explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the antimigratory effects of curcumin and PGV-1 combination on 4T1 and T47D breast cancer cells.METHODS: Cytotoxicity effects of curcumin and PGV-1 were examined using an MTT assay to determine their effects on 4T1 and T47D cell viability. The antimigration activity was assessed using a scratch wound healing assay by measuring the closure of artificially created wounds on monolayer cells. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play a crucial role in cancer cell migration was analyzed using gelatin zymography to measure their enzymatic activities.RESULTS: The IC50 of PGV-1 and curcumin were 4.88 μM and 37.62 μM in 4T1 cells and 3.16 μM and 23.15 μM in T47D cells, respectively. Furthermore, combination of PGV-1 and curcumin effectively inhibited 4T1 and T47D cell migration. PGV-1 (0.5–2 μM) demonstrated superior antimigratory activity compared to curcumin (5–20 μM) by suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in both cell lines. Significantly, curcumin was shown to synergistically enhance the antimigratory effects of PGV-1, leading to a further decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION: The combination of PGV-1 and curcumin may provide a promising antimigratory agent, potentially leading to enhanced antimetastatic strategies and more efficacious treatments for triple-negative and luminal breast cancer patients.KEYWORDS: antimigration, curcumin, luminal breast cancer, MMP-2, MMP-9, pentagamavunon-1, triple-negative breast cancer
Safety Concerns of Tectona grandis L.f. Leaf Extract as a Natural Food Colorant: Evidence of Irreversible Organ Pathology in Subchronic Toxicity Study Candra Dwipayana Hamdin; Dandiko Galanova; Dheny Cahyo Saputro; Ivan Mambaul Munir; Arief Nurrochmad; Ika Puspitasari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3461

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tectona grandis Lf (TG) leaves are traditionally used in Indonesia for natural dyeing, and are gaining popularity as food colorants globally. However, their safety profile remains unclear. Acute toxicity studies reported no fatalities at doses up to 5000 mg/kg BW, histological analyses revealed inflammation and necrosis in the stomach, raising concerns regarding the long-term safety of TG leaf extract. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate subchronic toxicity of TG leaf extract in both males and females Wistar rats.METHODS: TG leaf extracts were obtained by water extraction and extract powder was suspended in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC). Male and female rats were administered TG leaf extract at doses of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW for 28 days, with a 14-days recovery phase in the satellite groups (as controls). Hematology profiles and biochemistry were analyzed using hematology analyzer and spectrophotometry. Histology analysis was performed to investigate TG effects on the organs.RESULTS: Hematological analysis revealed reversible reductions in hemoglobin, erythrocyte, and hematocrit levels, along with irreversible decreases in leukocyte and thrombocyte. While TG leaf extract did not significantly affect serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), or creatinine levels, bilirubin levels increased, but remained within normal ranges. However, histopathological findings at 40 mg/kg BW revealed congestion and inflammation in the digestive organs, as well as neutrophil infiltration and congestion in metabolism-related organs, the lungs, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes. These pathological changes persisted throughout the recovery period.CONCLUSION: TG leaf extract raises safety concerns, particularly at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW, as it induces irreversible organ pathology despite reversible changes in blood parameters.KEYWORDS: Indonesian Tectona grandis Lf, subchronic, toxicity, natural, food, colorants
Red Rice Bran Ethanol Extract Reduces IL-1β as the Risk of Pancreas Fibrogenesis in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model Wasita, Brian; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Pakha, Dyonisa Nasirochmi; Nurrohima, Diana; Muthmainah, Muthmainah; Wiyono, Nanang; Fakurazi, Shariza
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3410

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to pancreatic cell dysfunction that promote insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Red rice bran contains bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which improved insulin resistance in obese mice. However, no studies have explored the potential of ethanol extract of red rice bran (EERRB) to prevent T2D progression, particularly pancreatic fibrosis complications. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of EERRB on inflammation measured with interleukin (IL)-1β and fibrosis of pancreatic tissue in a rat model of T2D. METHODS: Rats were induced with streptozotocin and nicotinamide to induce diabetes, and then separated into five groups. One group received no treatment, while the other four received 9 mg/kg/day acarbose, 165, 330, or 660 mg/kg/day EERRB orally for 21 days. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on pancreas tissues to measure the expression of IL-1β, while pancreatic fibrosis was assessed with Masson’s Trichrome staining.RESULTS: EERRB reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, in pancreas tissue in a dose dependent manner. Significantly lower IL-1β expression were found in group receiving 660 mg/kg/day EERRB (10%) compared to diabetic with no treatment group (50%) (p<0.0001). Additionally, the IL-1β expression in the highest dose of EERRB group was comparable to the group receiving acarbose (10%). CONCLUSION: This finding suggests the beneficial effect of EERRB in the hyperglycemic condition that causes oxidative stress through blocking the IL-1β expression, hence alleviating the inflammation in pancreas tissue, and have a tendency in preventing pancreatic fibrosis progression, a process implicated in T2D pathogenesis. KEYWORDS: diabetes, inflammation, pancreatic fibrosis, red rice bran
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probiotics Improve Fasting Blood Glucose, HOMA-IR, and Reduce Body Weight in Diabetic Rat Model Suastika, Arresta Vitasatria; Widiana, I Gde Raka; Kusuma, Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya; Fatmawati, Ni Nengah Dwi; Suastika, Ketut; Sujaya, I Nengah
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3525

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Indonesian indigenous probiotics have been found to improve disruptions of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium and reduce total cholesterol levels. Improvement in the tight junction could decrease the LPS level and further reduce the blood glucose and insulin resistance. The effects of indigenous Indonesian Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Lr) probiotics on glucose metabolism and inflammatory marker levels in diabetic rats was studied to find if these probiotics are suitable as potential supplementation treatment in diabetes.METHODS: Sixteen female Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using streptozotocin and fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. The rats were separated into four groups: LrFBB81, LrFSMM22, LrSKG34, and a control group. Each intervention group got daily dosages of 1 mL probiotic suspensions containing 109 CFU/mL cells given orally for 14 days, whereas the control group received saline. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and body weight were evaluated.RESULTS: FBG was significantly reduced in LrFSMM22 group (Δ=120.75 mg/dL, p=0.035), while significant reduction was not observed from LrFBB81, LrSKG34, and control groups. No statistically significant differences were found in HOMA-IR before and after intervention in all groups, but Δ HOMA-IR from LrFSMM22 group was reduced more than the control group (-3.90 vs. 2.02, p=0.028). All groups showed no significant differences in LPS level, meanwhile statistically significant reduction in body weight was observed in all probiotic groups, LrFBB81 (Δ=-15.7 gram, p=0.040), LrSKG34 (Δ= -20.43 gram, p=0.006), and LrFSMM22 groups (Δ=-18.33 gram, p=0.037).CONCLUSION: The administration of L. rhamnosus could improve FBG, HOMA-IR, and reduce body weight without suppressing the LPS.KEYWORDS: diabetes, probiotic, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, lipopolysaccharide, insulin resistance
HPV18 E6/E7 Mutation and Their Association with The Expression Level of Tumor Suppressor Proteins p53 and pRb among Indonesian Women with Cervical Cancer Mahendra, I Nyoman Bayu; Prayudi, Pande Kadek Aditya; Dwija, Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i1.3400

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The E6/E7 mutation contributes to the intra-typic variant of HPV18 which may differ in their oncogenic potential. E6 and E7 target the tumour suppressor protein p53 and pRb, respectively, and their degradation play a crucial role in cervical carcinogenesis. However, the prevalence of HPV18 E6/E7 variants among Indonesian women with cervical cancer has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the HPV18 variants among Indonesian women with cervical cancer and their association with tumor suppressor protein p53 and pRb.METHODS: A hundred Indonesian women with pathologically proven cervical cancer were consecutively recruited into the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect HPV18 DNA E6 and E7 oncogenes using specific primers and the variants was determined through nucleotide sequencing. Expressions of p53 and pRb were analyzed through immunohistochemistry by using specific antibodies targeting p53 and pRB.RESULTS: The rate of HPV18 positivity was 24%. The rate of E6 and E7 mutation was 45.4% and 59.1%, respectively. Those with E6 mutation had significantly higher expression of p53 and pRb as compared to those with wildtype E6 (p<0.05). Subjects with E7 mutation only had higher expression of pRb (p<0.05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 54.5% subjects had genetic sequences closely related to Asian lineages, particularly A1, A4, and A5 sublineage. Interestingly, 3 subjects had genetic sequences closely related to MK813921, a newly identified sequences. However, 45.5% subjects had distinct genetic sequences that did not related to the reference sequence used in this study.CONCLUSION: E6 and E7 mutation was common among Indonesian women with HPV18 cervical cancer and associated with the level of tissue p53 and pRb expression.KEYWORDS: HPV18 E6/E7, mutation, epidemiology, Indonesian women

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