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Geo-Spatial Exploration of Tuberculosis in Samarinda Ulu Sub-Distric, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim; Muh. Amri Arfandi; Akhmad Azmiardi; Siswanto; Siti Maria Ulfa
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): [The 3th MICTOPH] Fullpaper
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : This research investigates the spatial distribution of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Samarinda Ulu, a sub-district with the second-highest percentage of detected TB cases in Samarinda City. Despite the availability of geographic analysis tools, no prior studies have focused on this area. Objective : This research aims to identify, describe, and analyze the spatial distribution patterns of tuberculosis cases in the Samarinda Ulu Sub-district, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The study uses a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional approach, utilizing secondary data from the TB03-SO form for 2023. The total sample includes 322 TB cases, with GPS and Google Maps used to locate case coordinates based on respondents’ addresses. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS software with overlay, buffer, and nearest neighbor analysis techniques. Results : The results shows that TB cases in Samarinda Ulu are distributed in a clustered pattern (NNI<1), with clusters forming primarily in densely populated areas. The spatial analysis results also indicate that the majority of TB cases spread through close contact with index cases. Teluk Lerong Ilir Village emerges as a TB "hotspot," with the highest concentration of cases Conclusion/Lesson Learned : This study suggests strengthening spatial-based TB surveillance and intensifying control efforts, such as enhancing early detection and promoting community-based health education programs in highly populated areas. This would allow health institutions to better target high-risk regions and improve TB prevention and control strategies.
Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan skill terkait TB, PTM dan gizi melalui pemberdayaan dan pelatihan kader kesehatan Siswanto, Siswanto; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Arfandi, Muh Amri; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad
SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 9, No 3 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v9i3.30727

Abstract

Abstrak Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Palaran di Samarinda dihadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan kesehatan dalam 3 tahun terakhir, termasuk tingginya angka penyakit menular seperti tuberkulosis, serta masalah stunting dan malnutrisi pada balita yang diperparah oleh komplikasi kehamilan pada ibu dengan obesitas, hipertensi, dan diabetes. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini dirancang untuk memperkuat kapasitas kader kesehatan melalui ceramah, demonstrasi serta praktik langsung, sehingga mereka dapat berkontribusi secara efektif dalam pencegahan dan deteksi dini masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 16 November 2024 bertempat di Puskesmas Palaran, Kecamatan Palaran, Kota Samarinda. Sebanyak 20 orang kader kesehatan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Palaran, Kecamatan Palaran, Kota Samarinda menjadi sasaran dalam kegiatan ini. Pemberian edukasi dilakukan melalui presentasi materi, pembagian modul kesehatan serta praktik pemeriksaan kesehatan oleh kader, yang diawali dengan pemberian pre-test kemudian pemberian post-test pada sesi akhir. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan kader yang ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah kader yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik setelah mendapatkan edukasi dan pelatihan (TB: 5 menjadi 16 orang (220%), PTM: 13 menjadi 18 orang (38%), Antropometri: 16 menjadi 20 orang (25%)). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dari pemberian edukasi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan kader kesehatan terkait TB, PTM (HT dan DM) serta Antropometri (Uji wilcoxon : p < 0.05). Kader posyandu kini lebih memahami pentingnya deteksi dini TBC, pemantauan pertumbuhan balita menggunakan antropometri, dan pencegahan serta pengelolaan penyakit tidak menular. Direkomendasikan untuk melaksanakan pelatihan kader secara rutin dengan materi terkini, didukung oleh monitoring dan evaluasi untuk memastikan penerapan di lapangan. Kata kunci: edukasi; hipertensi; kader kesehatan; pemberdayaan; tuberkulosis Abstract Palaran Public Health Center (Puskesmas Palaran) in Samarinda has faced various health challenges over the past three years, including a high incidence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), as well as issues related to stunting and malnutrition among children under five. These conditions are further exacerbated by pregnancy complications in mothers with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. This community service program was designed to strengthen the capacity of health cadres through lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice, enabling them to contribute effectively to the prevention and early detection of public health problems. The activity was conducted on November 16, 2024, at the Palaran Public Health Center, Palaran Sub-district, Samarinda City. A total of 20 health cadres in the Palaran working area participated in this initiative. The educational sessions were delivered through material presentations, distribution of health modules, and practical health check-ups conducted by the cadres. These activities were preceded by a pre-test and concluded with a post-test. The results showed an increase in cadre knowledge, as indicated by the rise in the number of cadres with good understanding following the education and training sessions (TB: from 5 to 16 cadres, a 220% increase; NCDs: from 13 to 18 cadres, a 38% increase; Anthropometry: from 16 to 20 cadres, a 25% increase). These findings indicate a positive impact of the educational intervention on cadre knowledge related to TB, non-communicable diseases (NCDs: hypertension and diabetes), and anthropometric measurement (Wilcoxon test: p < 0.05). As a result, Posyandu cadres now have a better understanding of the importance of early detection of TB, monitoring child growth using anthropometry, and the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. It is recommended that cadre training be conducted regularly with updated materials, supported by monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation in the field.. Keywords: education, empowerment, health cadres, hypertension, tuberculosis
PENGARUH WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (WASH) TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Ariyanti, Rea; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Rahayu, Eka Putri
Jurnal Keperawatan Malang Vol 10 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Keperawatan Malang (As You Go)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STIKes Panti Waluya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36916/jkm.v10i1.357

Abstract

Background: Stunting is still a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. The incidence of stunting in children is multifactorial, one of which is thought to be caused by environmental factors such as lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices (WASH). Purpose: To explore previous studies that are relevant in identifying water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors that play a role in the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia Methods: This research is a systematic review prepared based on the PRISMA flowchart method as a guide. Three electronic databases were used in the literature search, namely: Garuda Portal, Pubmed and Science Direct. Articles were selected based on publications in the last 3 years, namely from 2022-2024. Result: There were 8 articles from a total of 1,088 publications identified through three online databases that were deemed suitable for analysis. The results of the analysis show that Water (low community access to clean water and drinking water sources), Sanitation (means for disposing of feces and waste water), and Hygiene (the habit of washing hands with soap) have a significant influence on the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Indonesia. Implication: Policy makers can integrate WASH programs into programs that can support the reduction of stunting rates, such as nutrition programs, namely emphasizing the importance of clean water in food preparation, as well as educating about the relationship between poor sanitation and the risk of infection that can interfere with nutrient absorption.
Analysis of Factors Associated with Malnutritions Among Children Under Five in East Kalimantan Province: A Secondary Data Study Muh. Amri Arfandi; Siswanto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Risva; Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/panakeia.v2i1.3093

Abstract

This study aims to analyze factors associated with malnutrition among children under five in East Kalimantan Province using secondary data from 2021-2023. The dependent variable is the proportion of malnutrition, including underweight, stunting, and wasting. Independent variables include the proportion of low birth weight (LBW), complete basic immunization (CBI) coverage, adolescent pregnancy (<19 years), sanitation access, and poverty rate. Multiple linear regression analysis found that these five variables simultaneously have a significant effect on malnutrition prevalence (p=0.025) with a coefficient of determination of 39.5%. CBI coverage was identified as the most significant predictor of malnutrition (p=0.02). These findings highlight the importance of immunization, prevention of adolescent pregnancy, improved sanitation, and poverty reduction to address malnutrition. The study provides a policy basis for enhancing nutrition intervention programs in the region.
Unwanted Pregnancy and Maternal Mental Health Based on the WHO SRQ-20: A Meta-Analysis Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita; Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Yuliana, Roma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.04

Abstract

Background: The WHO (2019) reported that approximately 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women globally experience maternal mental health disorders. Several studies have identified unintended pregnancy as a contributing factor to these disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze and estimate the association between unintended pregnancy and maternal mental health disorders (MHD), using studies that applied the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20).Subjects and Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025634410). Article searches were conducted up to January 15, 2025, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords: “SRQ” AND (“mental health” OR “psychological well-being” OR “mental disorder”) AND (“unwanted pregnancy” OR “unintended pregnancy” OR “unplanned pregnancy”) AND (“mother” OR “maternal”). Inclusion criteria focused on observational studies using the WHO SRQ-20 to assess maternal mental health among women with unintended and intended pregnancies. Meta-analysis was performed using R Studio, with effect sizes reported as risk ratios (RR) or adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and funnel plots were generated to examine publication bias.Results: A total of 12 studies from Ethiopia, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Malawi, comprising 85,862 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 12 studies with a total of 85,862 participants were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The results showed that unintended pregnancy significantly increased the risk of maternal MHD. This finding was consistent in both cohort and cross-sectional studies, with effect sizes of (RR = 1.49; CI95%= 1.03 to 2.15; p= 0.030) and (aOR= 1.83; CI95%= 1.35 to 2.47; p < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between unintended pregnancy and MHD. Limitations include high heterogeneity among studies, potential publication bias, and the predominance of observational designs, which preclude causal inferences. Despite these limitations, the results underscore the need for interventions that prioritize the overall health of pregnant women.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) pada Anak Usia 10-14 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Temindung Kota Samarinda Nindy Nurhalizah; Siswanto, Siswanto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim; Rina Tri Agustini
SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Literasi Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55123/sehatmas.v4i3.5950

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health issue in Indonesia. In 2023, a total of 114,720 DHF cases were reported nationwide, with an incidence rate (IR) of 41.4 per 100,000 population—still far above the national target. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces with the highest IR (147.33/100,000). Samarinda City is among the top three areas with the highest number of cases. One of the affected areas in Samarinda is Temindung Public Health Center, which recorded 83 DHF cases, with 52% occurring in children aged 10–14 years, indicating that this age group is the most vulnerable to DHF. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with DHF incidence among children aged 10–14 years in the working area of Temindung Public Health Center. A quantitative approach was used with a case-control study design and total sampling of 81 respondents, consisting of 27 cases and 54 controls. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. The results showed significant associations maternal knowledge (p= 0.001; OR= 11.440), PSN behavior (p= 0.001; OR= 7.231), cadre support (p= 0.022; OR= 3.571), and health facilities availability (p= 0.034; OR= 9.100). Therefore, it’s recommended to involve students as mosquito larvae monitors, conduct thematic health education with PSN practice demonstrations, and optimize the distribution of facilities through Musrenbang and CSR-based partnerships.
Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Central Java Province, Indonesia Casmuti, Casmuti; Zainafree, Intan; Cahyati, Widya Hary; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Hakam, Abdul; Zaimatuddunia, Irma; Prasetya, Henky Yoga; Jusran, Alek; Irsam, Muhamad
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in cooperation with the Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v14i1.16126

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One of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Central Java Province in 2022 by 10% increased to 12.52% in the third quarter of 2023. This prevalence rate has not reached the SDG's target, namely there is no increase in diabetes prevalence by 0%. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors associated the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at Central Java Provincial Hospital in 2023. This research is quantitative research with a nested case control study design, using electronic medical record data from the Central Java Provincial Hospital in 2023. The variables in this study were gender, age, education level, employment status, marital status, health insurance status, BMI, DM diet, duration of DM, hypertension, other diseases, current blood glucose, and HbA1c. The analysis used was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The results showed that there was association between age ≥70 years (p=0.006), DM diet (p<0.0001, OR=20.914), duration of DM (p=0.003, OR=3.010), hypertension (p=0.013, OR=2.619), other diseases including cataracts (p=0.040, OR=9.00), glaucoma (p=0.007), CHD (p=0.040, OR=9.00), and cardiomegaly (p=0.016), current blood glucose (p=0.045, OR=2.478), and HbA1c (p<0.0001, OR=6.152). DM diet is the most dominant factor associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients. 
Implementation of Pulmonary TB Case Finding on the Tuberculosis Control Program at the Karangmalang Primary Healthcare Center Semarang City Ulfa, Siti Lutfiyah; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): The 3rd MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

CDR of Tuberculosis at Karangmalang Primary Health Care from 2016 to 2018 was has always been the lowest in Semarang City. The low CDR can be interpreted by the low performance of the implementers in implementation Pulmonary TB case discovery at Karangmalang PHC. This research aimed to knew the implementation of Pulmonary TB case discovery at Karangmalang PHC. Methods: This research used qualitative design with research type is case study. The informants were selected by purposive sampling were consisted of 5 main informants and 4 triangulation informants. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and then the data were analyzed and presented in narrative form.Results: The results showed that standards and targets of policy were clear, resource readiness was good, the quantity of TB cadres was lacking, communication and coordination between organizations was good, the dissemination of information related to tuberculosis to the community was lacking, there was no SOP for Pulmonary TB case detection, the understanding and performance of the implementers was still lacking, and community participation needs to be increased.
Unsuccessful Drug-Resistant TB Treatment Outcomes among Patients with Short-Term Regimen in Central Java, Indonesia Ardiani, Intan Henda; Rejeki, Dwi Sarwani Sri; Wijayanti , Siwi Pramatama Mars; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v20i4.9483

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Tuberculosis which shows resistance to various types of drugs poses a significant burden in efforts to prevent and control tuberculosis globally. Since 2020, guidelines from the WHO have recommended a shorter treatment with an all-oral regimen for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB), with the inclusion of bedaquiline instead of an injectable agent. However, the treatment success rate for DR-TB in Indonesia is still low. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to unsuccessful DR-TB treatment using STR in Central Java. This was a nested case-control study of 412 DR-TB patients enrolled with a Short-Term Regimen, registered in 2021 to 2023 who had treatment results in a subset of the Tuberculosis Information System cohort data. Independent variables analyzed included age, gender, patient employment status, history of previous TB treatment, DM status, HIV status, resistance pattern, initial sputum examination results, drug side effects, treatment initiation interval, body mass index, and BPJS ownership status. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software, with logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants. The determinant of unsuccessful treatment outcome in Central Java Province which is 51.04% was the positive results of initial sputum examination of treatment (aOR=10.501; 95%CI=5.056-21.807), drug side effects (aOR=1.853; 95%CI=1,000-3.436), obesity (aOR=3.115; 95%CI=1.188-8.166) and BPJS non-possession status (aOR=2.213; 95%CI=0.932-5.255). More strategies are needed to improve the success of treatment with STR.
Analisis Survival dan Faktor-faktor Kelangsungan Hidup Pasien HIV yang Meninggal pada Tahun 2023 di Samarinda Berdasarkan Data Layanan PDP Azmiardi, Akhmad Akhmad; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Utami, Dian Margi
Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences: April 2025
Publisher : CV. Global Health Science Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijnhs.v6i1.6323

Abstract

Kelangsungan hidup pasien HIV merupakan indikator penting dalam evaluasi efektivitas terapi antiretroviral (ARV) dan layanan perawatan, dukungan, serta pengobatan (PDP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelangsungan hidup pasien HIV dengan status meninggal di tahun 2023 berdasarkan data PDP. Penelitian ini menggunakan data retrospektif dari 50 pasien HIV dengan status meninggal yang terdaftar di SIHA Kota Samarinda selama tahun 2023. Analisis survival dilakukan menggunakan Kaplan-Meier untuk membandingkan waktu kelangsungan hidup antara pasien yang dirawat di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat 1 (puskesmas/klinik) dan tingkat 2 (rumah sakit). Selanjutnya, regresi Cox digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kelangsungan hidup pasien, termasuk variabel demografis seperti jenis kelamin, umur, domisili, dan rentang waktu dalam mendapatkan ARV. Hasil analisis Kaplan-Meier menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang dirawat di fasilitas tingkat 1 memiliki estimasi kelangsungan hidup yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien di fasilitas tingkat 2 (log rank= 0.010). Hasil analisis Regresi Cox menunjukan bahwa Jenis fasilitas kesehatan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kelangsungan hidup pasien (HR= 2,513; 95% CI=1,081–5,842; p=0,032,). Sedangkan variabel-variabel lain tidak signifikan secara statistik. Pasien HIV yang dirawat di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat 1 memiliki kelangsungan hidup yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pasien di fasilitas tingkat 2. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pemerintah daerah dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk meningkatkan akses dan kualitas layanan bagi pasien HIV di Samarinda.
Co-Authors Abdul Hakam Akhmad Azmiardi Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf Alvy Fajri Amanda Hesti Pratiwi Andreas Wilson Setiawan Anggun Dessita Wandastuti Ardiani, Intan Henda Arfandi, Muh Amri Arfandi, Muh. Amri Ariyanti, Rea Arlina Azka Arulita Ika Fibriana Asrianti, Tanti Atika Aulia Atika Aulia Aufiena Nur Ayu Merzistya Aufiena Nur Ayu Merzistya Azmiardi, Akhmad Akhmad Baiq Diken Safitri Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Casmuti, Casmuti Dani Miarso Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki Farida, Eko Fatihah, Ana Nur Fitria Ningsih Intan Zainafree Intan Zainafree, Intan Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki Irsam, Muhamad Irwan Irwan Isbandi Isbandi Jusran, Alek Kholifah, Siti Putri Nur Lukman Fauzi Mahalul Azam Masruroh1,2, Ah Yusuf3 , Nikmatur Rohmah4, Irfansyah Baharudin Pakki5 , Anita Dewi Prahastuti Prasojo6 , Qurnia Andayani1 , *Agung Dwi Laksono7 Minhajul Mubarok Mona Subagja Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhamad Anbiya Nur Islam Muhammad Aidil Fitrah Mustafa Daru Affandi Mustika Suci Susilastuti Nadia Syukria Nindy Nurhalizah Nur Dian Rakhmawati Nur Dian Rakhmawati Nur Wahidah Nur Wahidah Prasetya, Henky Yoga Rahayu, Agustin Putri Rahayu, Eka Putri Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Rina Tri Agustini Risva Risva Risva Roma Yuliana Rr. Sri Ratna Rahayu S Siswanto Silfia Addina Siswanto SITI MARIA ULFA Soesmeyka Savitri Sri Ratna Rahayu Suci Susilastuti , Mustika Sumarni Sumarni Tatik Atmini Ulfa, Siti Lutfiyah Utami, Dian Margi Utomo , Dewi Natalista Dwi Warsono Warsono Widya Hary Cahyati Wijayanti , Siwi Pramatama Mars Zaimatuddunia, Irma Zainafree , Intan Zuyyinatun Muflikhah