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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Karinov Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Usadha Abdi Samulang : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA)
Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda
Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Produksi Ramah Lingkungan Granul Instan Antioksidan dari Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima) Menggunakan Ekstraksi Berbantuan Enzim Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Ni Kadek Lita; Adinda Puspita Elisabet Lian; Ni Putu Jayanti Putri; I Gusti Ayu Sri Candramukhi Devi Dasi; Intan Alfira Kolifay; Erna Cahyaningsih; Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara
Usadha Vol 4 No 3 (2025): Usadha : Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/usadha.v4i3.13155

Abstract

Pomelo peel (Citrus maxima) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have potential antioxidant and anti-aging properties. However, the high pectin content in citrus peels can hinder the release of these active compounds. The objective of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from pomelo peel using an environmentally friendly Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) method employing pectinase enzymes and to formulate the extract into instant effervescent granules. The granules produced using enzymatic extraction, granules prepared without enzymes, and control granules were evaluated through sensory assessment, physical quality analysis, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH method), and crude fiber content. The results showed that enzyme-assisted extraction granules (EEG) exhibited significantly higher free radical scavenging activity (49.57 ± 6.10%) compared to non-enzymatic granules (NEG) (28.48 ± 8.67%). EEG also demonstrated a higher total phenolic content (0.027 g/100 g) than NEG (0.017 g/100 g). In addition, EEG showed better sensory acceptance and physical quality, including a more balanced taste, a stronger citrus aroma, and higher fiber content. These findings indicate that the application of the EAE method can enhance phenolic and fiber content, physical quality, and antioxidant activity of instant pomelo peel granules, suggesting their potential development as an environmentally friendly natural antioxidant product.
Penentuan Kadar Total Flavonoid Pada Ekstrak Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L.) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-VIS Cahyaningsih, Erna; Dewi , Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Irlangga, I Gusti Ngurah Agustia Adi Surya Taksu
Usadha Vol 4 No 3 (2025): Usadha : Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and are well known for their antioxidant activity, which plays an important role in preventing degenerative diseases. One plant with potential as a flavonoid source is the globe amaranth flower (Gomphrena globosa L.), which has been traditionally used and reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities. This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content of globe amaranth flower extract grown in Bali. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol at a ratio of 1:10, followed by remaceration. Phytochemical screening was performed to identify the presence of flavonoids, while total flavonoid content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with quercetin as the standard. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoid compounds in the extract. The determination of total flavonoid content showed a maximum wavelength at 433 nm, with a regression equation of Y = 0.0778X + 0.0012 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9982. The total flavonoid content obtained was 81.808 mgQE/100 g extract. In conclusion, the globe amaranth flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) is a promising natural source of flavonoids and has potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine, particularly as a natural antioxidant.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANT USAGE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A COMMUNITY-BASED SURVEY IN INDONESIA Nayaka, Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Sanjaya, Dwi Arymbhi; Ernawati, Desak Ketut; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes
BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2023): BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 August 2023
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1784

Abstract

Before the availability of a vaccine, Indonesian population relied on traditional medicines to prevent COVID-19. Any species used by indigenous people could lead to further investigations in modern pharmacology, to preserve ancient knowledge, and to plan for plants’ conservation. The study aimed to discover and record species, methods of preparation, route of administration, and motivation in using medicinal plants by the Indonesian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of survey were selected from the people who live in Java and Bali for responding to an online structured questionnaire. Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was employed in the quantitative analysis of the collected data. The pharmacological relevance of the five plants with the highest RFC was further reviewed. The results showed that respondents used 59 plants from 28 families. Five species with the highest RFC were Curcuma longa (0.707), Zingiber officinale (0.674), Cymbopogon citratus (0.269), Kaempferia galanga (0.174), and Curcuma zanthorrhiza (0.165). Most plants were prepared by boiling (77.97%) and administered orally as a single ingredient or mixed with other herbals. Respondents believed that the plants were beneficial as immune-booster (71.26%), maintain good health (24.85%) and stamina (12.28%), and prevent viral infection, including COVID-19 (5.39%). The most commonly used plants might be scientifically based to boost immunity. However, their usage against COVID-19 and the medicinal value of herbal mixtures should be further investigated.
UJI IN VIVO TAHAP PREKLINIS TERHADAP EKSTRAK BATANG PISANG (Musa paradisiaca L.) SEBAGAI ANTIINFLAMASI TOPIKAL Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Suarnata, I Gede Agus; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes
Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia
Publisher : APDFI (Asosiasi Pendidikan Diploma Farmasi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33759/jrki.v3i2.129

Abstract

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, chemical damage, or microbiological substances. Banana stems (Musa paradisiaca L.) have been empirically believed for their topical anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to scientifically evaluate the in vivo preclinical anti-inflammatory activity of banana stems. This research was designed experimentally using twenty-five albino male rats which were divided into five groups: the positive control group which received sodium diclofenac gel, the negative control group which received gel basis preparation without any active ingredient, and three experimental groups which received banana stem extract gel in three different concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Every five rats of every group were firstly injected with 1% of carrageenan, and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated every hour for 4 hours using a plethysmometer. The collected data were statistically evaluated. The results showed that banana stem extract gel with concentrations of 15% produced the best anti-inflammatory effect, compared to other gel concentrations. In conclusion, the preparation of 15% banana stem extract gel can be applied as potential topical anti-inflammatory preparation.
The use of Red Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Skin Extract as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory in Rats: A Literature Review Study Gede Agus Ari Tirtayasa; Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara; Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda; Erna Cahyaningsih; Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi
Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA) Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA)
Publisher : CV Edujavare Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70610/jcpa.v4i01.1145

Abstract

Red onion peel (Allium cepa L.) is an agricultural by-product that contains high levels of bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and quercetin, which are known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This systematic literature review aims to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the effects of red onion peel extract on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in mouse models. Data were collected from international databases and selected based on relevance to in vivo and in vitro studies published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that red onion peel extract significantly enhances antioxidant defense mechanisms by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (ORAC), while reducing oxidative stress markers such as nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, the extract exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as inhibition of key signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and NLRP3/caspase-1. The effectiveness of the extract is influenced by dosage, duration of administration, and extraction method, with higher doses and longer exposure generally producing stronger biological effects. Overall, red onion peel extract shows promising potential as a natural source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications.
Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Minyak Herbal Tradisional Dari Bahan Usada Bali Pada Mencit Inflamasi Yang Diinduksi Karagenan Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Mahardika, I Made Agus; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes; Nayaka, Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani; Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 7, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v7i3.60529

Abstract

Peradangan sendi atau artritis merupakan salah satu penyakit inflamasi kronis yang memerlukan penggunaan obat jangka panjang. Penggunaan obat artritis seperti metotreksat dan NSAID dalam waktu lama dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek samping serius, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan yang relatif lebih aman terutama dari bahan herbal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas anti-inflamasi minyak herbal tradisional Usada Bali dari bahan Jahe (Zingiber officinale), Kunyit (Curcuma longa), Kencur (Kaemferia galanga), Bangle (Zingiber montanum), Cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum) dan Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii) pada mencit inflamasi yang diinduksi karagenan melalui pengujian secara topikal. Mencit dibagi empat kelompok yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif (pembawa), kontrol positif (Natrium Diklofenak topikal), minyak herbal 150 dan 300 mg/ml. Volume peradangan kaki mencit diukur dengan alat pletismometer setiap jam selama empat jam setelah diinduksi dengan karagenan 0,5% (b/v) subplantar, kemudian diuji secara statistik (Mann-Whitney) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa minyak herbal mengandung senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid dan steroid. Hasil uji aktivitas anti-inflamasi menunjukan adanya penghambatan peradangan yang signifikan (p<0,05) oleh minyak herbal konsentrasi 150 mg/ml maupun 300 mg/ml dengan persentase penghambatan pada jam ke-4 masing-masing sebesar 16,52% dan 11,30%, serta tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kontrol positif (p>0,05). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya potensi  minyak herbal Usada Bali sebagai anti-inflamasi topikal.
Aktivitas Analgesik Ekstrak Daun Liligundi (Vitex trifolia L.) Pada Mencit Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda; Ni Made Wiwik Setiawati; Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi; Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya; Erna Cahyaningsih
Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 6 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/farmasains.v6i2.5135

Abstract

Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS) pada nyeri kronis dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping terutama gangguan pada saluran pencernaan sehingga diperlukan agen alternatif yang lebih aman terutama dari herbal. Dalam Usada Bali, salah satu tanaman yang digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri adalah Liligundi (Vitex trifolia L.) famili Lamiaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas analgesik ekstrak daun Liligundi pada mencit. Daun Liligundi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut alkohol 70% dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas analgesik menggunakan metode induksi panas (hot plate) suhu 55°C pada 20 ekor mencit yang terbagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan Tween 80, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan Ibuprofen 52 mg/kg BB, dan perlakuan Ekstrak Daun Liligundi (EDL) dosis 250 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB. Waktu respon nyeri pada mencit diukur pada menit ke-30 ditandai dengan gerakan melompat ataupun menjilat kaki setelah diletakkan diatas hot plate. Data dianalisis secaraOne Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa EDL mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid. EDL dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB mampu memperpanjang respon nyeri secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif dan menghasilkan waktu respon nyeri yang lebih panjang secara bermakna dibandingkan Ibuprofen (p<0.05).
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ayurvedic Trikatu Herbal Oil and Identification of Its Phytochemical Constituents Using GC-MS Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda; Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi; Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara; Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha; Erna Cahyaningsih
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.103115

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic inflammation, which can lead to progressive joint dysfunction and disability. Long-term use of conventional pharmacological therapies is often associated with serious side effects, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternative treatments. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of topical Trikatu Herbal Oil (THO) by assessing physiological responses and identifying active compounds through phytochemical analysis and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). This research employed an experimental approach using a post-test only control group design. The study subjects consisted of 24 male BALB/c mice aged 2–3 months, weighing 20–30 g. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, in which edema volume was measured hourly for four hours using a plethysmometer. Data were obtained from observations of edema volume changes and GC–MS analysis of the bioactive constituents of THO. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests at a 95% confidence level. The results demonstrated that Trikatu herbal oil contains β-caryophyllene and fatty acids that play a role in suppressing inflammatory responses. THO at a 20% concentration exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity, with an edema inhibition percentage of 56% compared to the control group. These findings confirm that Trikatu herbal oil is significantly effective as a topical anti-inflammatory agent. Implicatively, this study provides a scientific basis for the development of safe, natural-based topical herbal therapies with strong potential as alternatives to long-term synthetic anti-inflammatory treatments.
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa Linn.) Dengan Metode Brine Shirp LethalIty Test (BSLT) Made Darmawan; Erna Cahyaningsih; I Wayan Surya Rahadi; Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda; Gede Agus Ari Tirtayasa; Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi
Usadha Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Usadha : Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/usadha.v5i2.14789

Abstract

Advances in healthcare and drug development have continued to encourage the exploration of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources. One plant with potential for further development is globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa Linn.). This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the ethanolic extract of globe amaranth (G. globosa) flowers based on its LC₅₀ value using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This study was conducted as a laboratory-based experimental study. Data were obtained from laboratory testing and supported by a literature review. Globe amaranth (G. globosa) flower samples were obtained from farmers in Sanur, Denpasar, Bali. Extraction was performed by maceration using 80% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening to identify the presence of flavonoids. Toxicity testing was conducted using Artemia salina larvae, and mortality data were subsequently analysed using probit analysis and linear regression to determine the LC₅₀ value. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic extract of G. globosa flowers tested positive for flavonoids. The regression equation obtained was y = 13589x + 1.7924, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9707 and an LC₅₀ value of 228.620 µg/mL . Based on these findings, the ethanolic extract of G. globosa flowers exhibited toxic effects against A. salina and was classified as toxic according to the BSLT method. These findings indicate the presence of biological activity in the extract and may provide a basis for further studies investigating its pharmacological potential and safety profile.
Co-Authors Adinda Puspita Elisabet Lian Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa Anita Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Apriliani, Ni Luh Putri Darmawan, I Wayan Agus Debby Juliadi Desak Ketut Ernawati Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha Dewi , Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi, Ni Kadek Dwi Purnama Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya Elis Suwarni Erna Cahyaningsih Gede Agus Ari Tirtayasa Gede Agus Ari Tirtayasa Gusti Ayu Intan Puspita Dewi Gusti Ayu Made Indah Siantari Gusti Ayu Putri Cantika Dewi Gusti Ayu Putu Yosinta Sasmita Handani, Dewa Ayu Sri I Gusti Ayu Sri Candramukhi Devi Dasi I Putu Tangkas Suwantara I Wayan Surya Rahadi Indah Muthia Susanthi Indriani, Felia Riska Intan Alfira Kolifay Irlangga, I Gusti Ngurah Agustia Adi Surya Taksu Luh Risma Putri Rahayu Made Agus Deny Mahendra Putra Made Darmawan Mahardika, I Made Agus Maria Dewi, Ni Putu Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara Megawati , Erna Cahyaningsih Megawati , Fitria Megawati, Fitria Ni Kadek Lita Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Luh Putu Swari Ni Luh Sintya Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani Nayaka Ni Made Wiwik Setiawati Ni Nyoman Wahyu Udayani Ni Putu Agustini Ari Dewi Ni Putu Dewanty Suwirtawati Ni Putu Jayanti Putri Ni Putu Siska Sugiantari Ni Putu Udayana Antari Ni Putu Yuni Winariyanthi Ni Wayan Budi Sari Nita, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Perayanthi, Reni Pramesti , Luh Ratih Widhia Puguh Santoso Puguh Santoso puguh santoso, puguh Puspita Wati, Ni Putu Putra Hilmi Prayitno Putra, I Made Agus Sunadi Putri, Ni Kadek Dila Pratiwi Putri, Ni Kadek Nisa Leoni Rahadi, I Wayan Surya Sari, Ni Wayan Budi Sasadara, Maria Malida Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes Suarnata, I Gede Agus Sugiantari, Ni Putu Siska Sugiyanto, Milyadi Sukmayanti, Ni Kadek Suradnyana, I Gede Made Surya Rahadi, I Wayan Susanthi, Indah Muthia Suwarni, Elis Swari, Ni Luh Putu Tirtayasa, Gede Agus Ari Vernandes Sasadara, Maria Malida Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, I Gusti Ayu Agung Kusuma Widnyani, Dewa Ayu Sri Bintang Widyani Nayaka , Ni Made Dwi Mara Winariyanthi, Ni Putu Yuni Yanti, Ni Kadek Pradnya