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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis Acta Biochimica Indonesiana JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER Journal of Health Community Service Cendana Medical Journal Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran (JURRIKE) JUKEJ: Jurnal Kesehatan Jompa
Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat
Universitas Nusa Cendana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum) Against Propionibacterium acnes Sihombing, Angelina Victoria; Rini, Desi Indria; Woda, Rahel Rara; Amat, Anita Lidesna Shinta
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11714

Abstract

Propionibacterium acnes is a type of bacteria that typically exists on skin areas with many sebaceous glands, like the scalp and face. The exploration of natural antibacterial agents made from herbal plants is one approach to decrease resistance issues. One such plant utilized is red betel, scientifically known as Piper crocatum. The objective of this study is to assess the antibacterial properties of the ethanol extract from red betel leaves against Propionibacterium acnes. This study adopted a true experimental framework with a post-test only control group model. The red betel leaf extract was produced through maceration using a 70% ethanol solution, followed by evaporation until a concentrated extract was achieved. In this study, the treated groups included various concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%, alongside a positive control using clindamycin and a negative control using sterile aquades. The antibacterial testing was performed using the disc diffusion method, referred to as the Kirby-Bauer technique against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The analysis conducted was the One Way Anova statistical test. Findings from this study reveal that the extract of red betel leaves contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The testing outcomes indicate that the average diameter of the inhibition zone resultant from each sample is 11.16 mm for the 100% concentration, 9.63 mm for the 50% concentration, 8.85 mm for the 25% concentration, 8.21 mm for the 12.5% concentration, 7.78 mm for the 6.25% concentration, 6.93 mm for the 3.125% concentration, and 0 mm for the 1.56% concentration. From the results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract from red betel leaves exhibits antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Beras Putih (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Nevida Wiehelmina Fanggidae; Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat; Sangguana Marthen Jacobus Koamesah; Syahrir Syahrir
JURNAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU KEDOKTERAN Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Agustus: Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jurrike.v5i2.8798

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems and is closely associated with the activity of Propionibacterium acnes. Long-term use of antibiotics may lead to bacterial resistance; therefore, alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural products are needed. White rice (Oryza sativa L.) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which potentially exhibit antibacterial activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of white rice against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: This research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design. The ethanol extract of white rice was prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method with extract concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. Clindamycin was used as a positive control, while sterile distilled water served as a negative control. The parameter observed was the diameter of the inhibition zone. Result: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of white rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity test showed that the ethanol extract of white rice at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by forming an inhibition zone, while at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% no inhibition zone was formed. The highest inhibition zone diameter was found at a concentration of 100%. The ethanol extract of white rice at concentrations of 100% (7.65 mm), 50% (6.77 mm), and 25% (6.15 mm) was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, and was classified as having moderate inhibition. In contrast, at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25%, the ethanol extract of white rice did not show any inhibitory activity detected in vitro using the disc diffusion method. The results of statistical analysis showed a p value <0.001, which means there was a significant difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone between the treatment groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of white rice exhibits antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes in a concentration-dependent manner; however, its inhibitory effect remains lower than that of clindamycin.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Fatih Aji Winarso, Aji Anjani, Ratih Anu, Helena Vaustina Arley Sadra Telussa Artawan, I Made Asan, Maria Ignatia De Loyola Ina Peni Ballo, Natasya Detami Sheline Br Damanik, Efrisca Meliyuta Br. Damanik, Efrisca Meliyuita Corputty, Dian Yelisa Damanik, Efrisca M. Br. Damanik, Efrisca Meliyuita Br. Daruranto, Bryan Davidson Deri Riskiyanti Tallo Manafe Devina, Vania Carla Dewanti, Intan Putri Djahi, Sri Nur Nur Saidah Djunaidi, Savitry R. Maudy E D, Maria Agnes Efrisca Damanik Folamauk, Conrad Liab Hendricson Gue, Ronaldo Osario Lau Haning, Andre Januar Dwi Putra Herman Pieter Louis Wungouw Hibur, Grasia Intan Praskawati Hietingwati, Syeben HE Hutasoit, Regina Marvina Idawati Trisno Indriarini, Desi Jumba, Cynthia Benedikta Kapitan, Irene Krisanti Kareri, Dyah Gita Rambu Kause, Marthen Keba, Diorita Sely Koamesah, S.M.J lai, gloria harpazo Lenggu, Claritha Kaci Louis Lerrick, Riky Alberth Lidia, Kartini Lie, Melania Liwu, Apolonia Nogo Ly, Elsye Jasicha Magdarita Riwu Maria Agnes Etty Dedy Maria Fransiska Priska Yulianti Mau Meta, Maria Chrisanti Minggu, Dominikus Mukin, Patricia Flamli Uma Nevida Wiehelmina Fanggidae Ngara, Cydri Anggreny Rade Dendo Nikita, Hyasinta Arlette Nugraheni, Tri Nurina, Rr. Listyawati PAKAN, PRISCA DEVIANI Pao, Ressa Patricia PRISCA DEVIANI PAKAN Prisca Deviani Pakan Ratu, Kristian Regina Marvina Hutasoit Rini, Desi Indria Riwu, Magdarita Rosari, Renya Salmay, Helenri Juntari Sangguana Marthen Jacobus Koamesah Sasputra, I Nyoman Setianingrum, Elisabeth Levina Sari Setiawan, I Made Buddy Sianturi, Elaine Courtesy Sihombing, Angelina Victoria So’o, Rosina Wiwin Suban, Irenne Sovia Lestari Sunarno, Martinus Ezra Syahrir Syahrir Tandang, Fransiskus Telussa, Arley Toby, Tarsisius Ryang Wahyuningrum, Stefany Adi Wardani, Nimas Prita Rahajeningtyas Kusuma Woda, Rahel Rara Wungouw, Herman P L Wungouw, Herman Pieter Wungouw, Herman Pieter Louis