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Universitas Negeri Semarang
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Journal : Diponegoro Journal of Economics

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Complete Childhood Immunization and Child Health Outcomes: Evidence from Indonesia Fauzi, Ahmad Syahrul; Runtiningsih, Sri; Tsani, Luthfi Ibnu; Karsinah, Karsinah; Ul Mussanadah, Atik
Diponegoro Journal of Economics Vol 14, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Bussiness, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/djoe.53978

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effect of complete childhood immunization on child health and growth outcomes in Indonesia, measured by morbidity history and Body Mass Index (BMI). This research is important because complete immunization coverage in Indonesia remains uneven, while child health is a strategic component in improving human capital quality and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study uses secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and applies a quantitative approach. The analysis employs a Probit model to estimate the relationship between complete immunization and child health outcomes. To address the potential endogeneity of immunization decisions, an Instrumental Variable Probit (IV Probit) model is also applied. The instrumental variables used are the distance to the nearest health facility and the cost of accessing vaccination services. The estimation results show that children who receive complete immunization have a 50.8% lower probability of experiencing morbidity requiring rest compared to children who do not receive complete immunization. In addition, complete immunization reduces the probability of children having abnormal BMI status (underweight or overweight) by 50.9%. These findings indicate that complete immunization significantly improves child health and nutritional status in Indonesia. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a causal inference approach through the IV Probit model to address endogeneity bias in immunization decisions, as well as in measuring the impact of immunization not only on morbidity but also on child growth indicators through BMI.
Co-Authors A Manshur Aditria, Intan Putri Agastya, Kadek Deva Ahmad Syahrul Fauzi Al Farouq, Alamul Fikri Ali Husni Ali, Rusjamin Jadi Alighiri, Dante Amelia Hayati Amidi Ananta, Bintang Rafli Andi Prayoga Andin Vita Amalia Andryan Setyadharma Ardias Rifki Khaerun Cahya, Ardias Rifki Khaerun Arvana, Gita Asfani, Akhmad Anggi Avi Budi Setiawan Avi Budi Setiawan Avi Budi Setiawan Avi Budi Setiawan Bambang Prishardoyo Baroya, Mushlihatun Benny Riyanto Cahyo Yuwono Darun, Darun Diana Talakua, Jeane Fransina Dyah Maya Nihayah Eva Ervani Evi Fatmawati, Evi F H Silalahi Fadhilahningrum, Nura Yuli Fadhilahningrum, Nura Yuli Fafurida Fafurida Falhala, Aria Robi Farida Aulia Rohmah fatimah Fatimah Fauziah, Syiva Firmansyah Firmansyah Galih Pangestu Nugroho Hidayati, Eni Nur Indra Jaya Indraswara, Dede Indrawati, Dini JULIANTI, MEGA LUWIHA LUWIHA Mahbub Amrulloh Ikhsan Malisa, Nor Margaret, Silvia Margareta Rahayuningsih Nugroho Edi K Mayyadah, Zulfina Tsanin Meyliana, Henny Mia Kosmiatin Mudjiarto, Hari Muftiya, Hikmah Nadia Indah Femmithasari Nagatirtha, Partama Ngatindriatun Ngatindriatun Ni Luh Putu Indriyani, Ni Luh Putu Nihayah, Annis Nurfitriana Noor Rohman, Sani Noor Rohman, Sani Nurjannah Rahayu Kistanti Nurul Fibrianti Octavianti Paramita P. Eko Prasetyo Pangestika, Maulida Dewi Phany Ineke Putri, Phany Ineke Prasetyo, Paiman Eko PURWANDOKO, EDI PUTRI WULANDARI Rachman, Mohammad Aulia Rakhmawati, Puji Retno Febriyastuti Widyawati Ridwan Arifin Rifky Yudi Setiawan, Rifky Yudi Riyanto, R Benny Rizky Candra Satria Rosidah Rosidah Santos, Nisrina Hanifah Saputra, Deni Eka Sekarvilia, Mia Shanty Oktavilia Sholihah, Siti Siti Fathonah Sri Runtiningsih Sucihatiningsih Dian W.P, Sucihatiningsih Dian Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti Sulaksmi, Galih Niken Anggoto Susanto Susanto Suwarti Suwarti Syaiful Amri, Muhammad Taridi, Taridi Tsani, Luthfi Ibnu Tutik Tutik Ul Mussanadah, Atik Vike Aprilianin Marwintaria Saputri Wahyu Widodo Wicaksana, Tania widowati widowati Winanto, William Wisudani Rachmaningtyas Yanti, Puja Yudi Setiawan, Rifky Yudi Setiawan, Rifky Yusdhika, Aldo WIse Hanjaya Zainurohmah, Zainurohmah