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Impact Of Exposure To Phymar Csl Application On The Activity Of Pollinating Bee Tetragonula Laeviceps Smith (Hymenoptera; Apidae) Siti Anisa; Awaluddin, Awaluddin; Rahayu, Rahayu; Waode Siti Anima Hisein
Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy Vol. 1 No. 4 (2026): Januari 2026 Edition
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Unsultra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64690/agrones.v1i4.597

Abstract

The stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera; Apidae) is an important pollinator that supports agricultural productivity, yet its population may be affected by pesticide use, including botanical pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the botanical pesticide Phymar CSL to T. laeviceps, assess the effects of its residues on bee survival, and determine whether Phymar CSL acts as an attractant or repellent. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, from November-December 2025. Toxicity tests were carried out using five concentrations of Phymar CSL (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mL/L) mixed with a 10% honey solution and analyzed using probit analysis, while residue and preference tests were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the LC₅₀ value of Phymar CSL for T. laeviceps was 16.194 mL/L, which was lower than the recommended field application dose (20 mL/L). Residue exposure resulted in relatively low bee mortality, even at LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ concentrations. Preference tests using a Y-tube olfactometer indicated that Phymar CSL was not attractive but exhibited repellent properties toward T. laeviceps. These findings suggest that although direct exposure to Phymar CSL may pose toxic risks to T. laeviceps, its residues are relatively safe and do not attract bees; therefore, application should be avoided during flowering stages and peak foraging periods to support pollinator conservation and sustainable agriculture.
Co-Authors Absalom Andika Simamora Aginta Latersia Ginting Ahmad Sahidah Alinda Nur Ramadhani Amelia Endah Nur Izzah Angelina Firdaus Ansori, Adelia Eka Puspita Ardhiarisca , Oryza Aries Dirgayunita ARIF HIDAYATULLAH Asyah, Difa Nur Awaluddin Awaluddin Bilbina, Naura Nadzhifatul Budianto, Erwin Catharina Tri Anni, Catharina Tri Dea Linia Romadhoni Dessy Putri Andini, Dessy Putri Dita Mirawati Dwi Nastiti Eka Puspita Ansori, Adelia Eli Masnawati Fablo Purba, Juvantri Febriani, Reva Aura Febriyani, Syifa Fauziyah Firdaus, Solichatul Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe Ghozali, Nur Azizah Wandinia Ginashantika, Evana Haidir Rasyid Hanip, Muhammad Hardani, Prisma Trida Hariani, Mila Harkat, Avisenna Hastuti, Arti Helen Helen Imeylia, Shellydina Fara Indradewa, Rhian Kapuka, Gius Kartika, Vina Fauzia Khusnul Khotimah Kurnia, Tuti Maharani, Nessa Astika Mawardi Nurullah Muhaimin, Muhammad Reza muhammad iman, darmawan Munoto Munoto Naysela, Citra Neyla Najwa Oktavia Nindya Indah Damayanti Nurlitasari, Desi Nur’atin, Atin Oktaviani, Siska Aprilia Olivero-Acuña, Ronaldo Rafael Oryza Ardhiarisca Pambudi, Didik Rio Putri Andini, Dessy Putri Indah Sayakti Rahayu Mardikaningsih Rahayu Rahayu Rahma Rina Wijayanti Rahmat Hidayatullah, Adi Rakhmi, Atik Ramadhan, Hafiz Rasyid Syamsuri, Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri1, Abd. Rhamadani, Putri Riswal Setiadi Rizky, Muchamad Catur Robiansyah, Firman Rusiana Rusiana Ruth Natalia Susanti Safana zakira athya Safira, Mirza Elmy Samran, Samran Sari, Dewi Perwito Setiadi, Riswal Sudirman Sugiyo Sugiyo, Sugiyo Sujianto Sutisna, Noviyanti Suyuthie, Hijriyantomi Tri Rijanto Tri Utami, Indah Utomo, Slamet Waode Siti Anima Hisein Yohana Putri Lumban Gaol Yunanti, Siska Ziza Putri Aisyia Fauzi Zulmai Rani