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Pemurnian alfa-selulosa dari baglog bekas jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) menggunakan NaOH dan hidrolisis sulfat (Purification of alpha-cellulose from ex-baglog of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) using NaOH and sulfate hydrolysis) Hyakansa HANIF; TRI - PANJI; Firda DIMAWARNITA; I Made ARTIKA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 87, No 1 (2019): April, 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (397.833 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.325

Abstract

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) are the largest cellulose waste produced by oil palm plantations. Each processing of one ton of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) will produce OPEFB as much as 22-23% or 220-230 kg. OPEFB waste has not been utilized optimally by most palm oil mills and communities. It was reported that OPEFB contains 32.57% cellulose, 27.70% hemicellulose, and 26.49% lignin. The purity of cellulose component in OPEFB can be increased by delignification and hydrolysis of OPEFB. This research aims to produce alpha-cellulose from OPEFB with the highest purity level. The stages of the process include biologically delignification using white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), chemical delignification using 17,5% NaOH solution, and combination of treatment using solution of 17,5% NaOH and hydrolysis using 10% H2SO4solution. The analysis was carried out using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best result of alpha-cellulose purity was by the treatment of delignified NaOH baglog resulting in 97.43% alpha-cellulose content, 4.47% pentosan hemicellulose level, and undetectable lignin levels.The results of FT-IR spectrum from alpha-cellulose obtained from OPEFB has shown functional groups contained in alpha-cellulose polymers including O-H groups at wave number 3289 cm-1, C-H groups at wave number 2901 cm-1, and functional groups C-O at wave number 1372 cm-1.[Key words: hydrolysis, FT-IR, mushroom, bleaching, waste]  Abstrak Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) adalah limbah terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit. Setiap pengolahan satu ton tandan buah segar (TBS) akan dihasilkan TKKS sebanyak 22-23% atau 220-230 kg. Limbah TKKS belum dimanfaatkan secara optimaloleh sebagian besar pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) dan masyarakat. Dari hasil analisis kimiakomposisi selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin pada TKKSsecara berturut-turut ialah ; 32,57%, 27,70%, 26,49%. Kandungan komponen selulosa dalam TKKSdapat ditingkatkan kemurniannya dengan cara delignifikasi dan hidrolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan pemurnian alfa–selulosa dari TKKS dengan tingkat kemurnian tertinggi.Tahapan pembuatan alfa-selulosameliputi delignifikasi secara biologis menggunakan jamur tiramputih(Pleurotus ostreatus), delignifikasi secara kimia menggunakan larutan NaOH 17,5%, dan kombinasi perlakuan menggunakan NaOH 17,5% dan larutanH2SO410%. Analisis dilakukan menggunakanFourier Transform Infrared Spektroscopy (FT-IR). Hasil pemurnian alfa-selulosa terbaik ialah melalui sisa baglog terdelignifikasi NaOH menghasilkan kadar alfa-selulosa 97.43%, kadar pentosan hemiselulosa 4.47%, serta kadar lignin tidak terdeteksi. Hasil spektrumFT-IR darialfa–selulosayang diperoleh dari TKKStelahmenunjukkan gugus-gugus fungsi yangterdapat di dalam polimeralfa–selulosadiantaranyagugus O-H pada bilangan gelombang 3289 cm-1,  gugus C-H pada bilangangelombang2901cm-1, dan gugus fungsi C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1372 cm-1. [Kata kunci: hidrolisis, FT-IR, jamur, pemutihan, limbah]
EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC ASTAXANTHIN, CHLORELLA, AND SPIRULINA SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIETS ON GROWTH AND PIGMENTATION OF KURUMOI RAINBOWFISH, Melanotaenia parva Nina Meilisza; Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Dedi Jusadi; Muhammad Zairin Jr.; I Made Artika
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.67-75

Abstract

Several studies have recommended the supplementation of astaxanthin in the Kurumoi rainbowfish diet to enhance its color and growth. However, knowledge regarding the effects of naturally-sourced and synthetically-made carotenoids in fish diets is currently limited. This study’s objective was to compare the growth and color performances of Melanotaenia parva by supplementing fish feed with synthetic astaxanthin and natural carotenoids sourced from Chlorella and Spirulina. A total of 12 fish (weight of 1.27 ± 0.02 g and total length of 4.70 ± 0.07 cm) were stocked at a density of one fish per liter. Basal feed (B) was used as the control feed. The experimental feeds were: B added with different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (Carophyll® Pink 10% water-soluble) from low to higher doses as follows: 0.6 g kg-1 (AS-L), 2.6 g kg-1 (AS-O), and 5.1 g kg-1 (AS-H); and B added with natural carotenoids of Chlorella sp. (Ch) and Spirulina sp. (Sp) of 8.6 g kg-1 and 5.5 g kg-1, respectively. The experimental diets were given at satiation for 56 days at 8 am and 3 pm. The study results showed that the addition of synthetic astaxanthin at a dose of 2.6 g kg-1 could increase the fish growth up to 12% with carotenoid deposition in the fish fin of three times higher than that of the treatments without synthetic astaxanthin. This dose was considered the optimal dose to increase the fish’s growth performance and pigmentation compared with the high dose of 5.1 g kg-1. Despite having the same nutrient composition, natural carotenoids in Chlorella and Spirulina did not produce better results compared to the low dose of synthetic astaxanthin of 0.6 g kg-1.
Evaluasi Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ekstraksi Rimpang Temu Ireng Berdasarkan Aktivitas Penghambatan α-Glukosidase I Made Artika; Laksmi Ambarsari; Waras Nurcholis
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1331.754 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v3i2.57

Abstract

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat digunakan dalam ekstraksi rimpang temu ireng yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor pH, konsentrasi etanol, suhu, waktu, dan rasio cairan-padatan dalam proses ekstraksi rimpang yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan sebagai inhibitor enzim a-glukosidase. Rancangan optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan faktoral fraksional 2(5-1). Urutan hasil dari ekstrak yang paling berkontribusi sebagai inhibitor enzim a-glukosidase: konsentrasi etanol > rasio cairan terhadap padatan > suhu > waktu > pH. Diantara faktor yang dianalisis menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi etanol dan interaksi antara pH dan konsentrasi etanol merupakan faktor yang signifikan sebagai inhibitor enzim a-glukosidase. Dengan demikian, rimpang temu ireng memiliki potensi sebagai anti-hiperglikemia alami.
Sosialisasi Tanggap Darurat Pencegahan Covid-19 di Kepulauan Talaud I Made Artika; Mutmainnah A. Umar
Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat (PIM) Vol. 2 No. Khusus 2 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (576.885 KB)

Abstract

Since the World Health Organization or WHO declared that the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a pandemic, the President of the Republic of Indonesia and the Regional Government and their staff have worked hand in hand to make some tactical steps to prevent the spread of this virus. The public must be informed on the dangers of Covid-19, through creation of special protocols which are expected to prevent the spread of this virus. The purpose of this activity was to conduct socialization directly or indirectly in providing education, convincing, and providing an overview of the dangers of the Covid-19 Virus and applying health protocols to the community in Melonguane District, Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province. This activity took place from July 7 to August 28, 2020. The results of this activity showed that the people in the Talaud Islands have understood the importance of using good and correct masks when outside the home and also the use of hand soap or hand sanitizer which can help people to avoid this dangerous virus. Keywords: covid-19, emergency response, Kepulauan Talaud, Melonguane
Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali I Made Artika; Cok Istri Agung T Apriliyanti; Sang Ayu Putu Didi K Agustini; Ni Putu Asri Ratna Suhita; Ni Putu Peggy Liliyani; Sang Ayu Made Sri Tandewi; Ni Kadek Sintya Anggreni; I Nyoman Rai Widiartha Kesuma
Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat (PIM) Vol. 2 No. Khusus 2 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (505.969 KB)

Abstract

Sukawati Village is one of the tourist villages located in Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali. Sukawati Village has the potential that can be developed optimally if the role of the community, Sukawati Village officials, village youths, and farmer groups can unite in carrying out and developing the existing potential. Before the KKN-T program which was carried out in Sukawati Village, several problems had not been resolved by the village and the community, such as the minimal publications regarding Sukawati Village, limitations in marketing and financial strategies, and the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic which was the biggest problem. hampers economic and tourism activities. The activities carried out during the KKN-T in Sukawati Village are based on the main problems faced. The activities carried out received appreciation and support from village officials, the community, and village youth. The activities carried out produce each output based on the intended target. Activities carried out are more focused on community empowerment, such as the implementation of training in the fields of economy, technology, and health. Activities in the health sector include training in making soap and hand sanitizers as a means of dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic situation. For the economic sector, namely the socialization of financial strategies and marketing strategies. Activities in the field of technology include training village officials in creating village websites. The results obtained from this activity are in the form of increased sensitivity to the environment and surrounding communities, caring for each other, helping each other to help advance Sukawati Village during the pandemic and post-Covid-19 pandemic. We pack the training provided and make it in the form of a learning video so that in the future it can be used as a reference by the community and can be accessed on YouTube, Whatsapp groups, and Facebook in Sukawati Village. Keywords: Sukawati Village, liquid soap, hand sanitizer, website, marketing, covid-19
Pemanfaatan Serbuk Kayu untuk Produksi Etanol dengan Perlakuan Pendahuluan Delignifikasi Menggunakan Jamur Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Denny Irawati; Norman Razief Azwar; Wasrin Syafii; I Made Artika
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 3, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13163.557 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jik.925

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Utilization of Sawdust to Produce Ethanol Using Delignification Pre-treatment with White Rot Fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporiumCurrently, Indonesia is in the middle ofpetroleum crisis. One ofthe alternative fuels which can be used as a petroleum substitute is ethanol. Ethanol can be produced from timber waste (sawdust). Indonesia in 2003 had timber waste potency of about 3-4 millions m3. However, ethanol production from sawdust has problems due to its lignin content. Therefore, research on bio-delignification treatment of sawdust prior to ethanol making process is required. In the present study ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using crude cellulose from Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The raw materials for ethanol production are sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen syn.), meranti (Shorea sp.) and teak (Tectona grandis LIIVN.f.) sawdust after pretreatment with white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium for 10, 20 and 30 days incubation time. The yield of ethanol was between 1.65-44.83 g/1. The best combination treatment is sengon sawdust with 30 day incubation time.
Inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum U10 isolated from Tempoyak (fermented durian) Made in Indonesia against Salmonella typhi SOGANDI SOGANDI; APON ZAENAL MUSTOPA; I MADE ARTIKA; BUGI RATNO BUDIARTO
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2015): June 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1138.504 KB) | DOI: 10.5454/mi.9.2.5

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Lactobacillus plantarum U10 produced bacteriocin U10 which was isolated from a traditionally fermented food “tempoyak” from Sumatera Island in Indonesia. Production of the bacteriocins started at early exponential phase and reached maximum level at early stationary phase. Furthermore, plantaricins U10 was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography. L. plantarum U10 produced two bacteriocins with a molecular mass of approximately 4.5 and 9.8 kDa by SDS-PAGE.  The mode of action of plantaricins U10 was identified as bactericidal agents against Salmonella typhi ATCC25241 as proven by CFU counting and SEM micrographs that showed differences in cell structures between treated cells and the non-treated control. SEM examination also confirmed structural destruction of membrane cells integrity and considerable morphological alteration of S.typhi.
Antimalarial Activity of Mangrove Plants and Possible Mechanisms of Action: A Scoping Review Rizki, Andita Fitri Mutiara; Azmi, Wihda Aisarul; Muhaimin, Muhaimin; Louisa, Melva; Artika, I Made; Siregar, Josephine Elizabeth
Molekul Vol 19 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.1.9236

Abstract

Malaria is one of life threatening-infectious diseases with high mortality rate in African regions. Malaria is also one of public health problem in most of Southeast Asia (SEA) regions. This disease is caused by a Apicomplexan parasite; Plasmodium sp., which can be transmitted from humans to humans via Anopheles sp. To date, the need of a new antimalarial drug is still high, due to the rapid increase of drug resistance. Natural-derived drug candidates are still being used by researchers to develop new antimalarials. One of the natural resources which could potentially be a source of antimalarial agents are mangrove plants. Traditionally, mangrove plants have been employed as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to identify, evaluate and summarize findings of newly found antimalarial drug activity from mangrove plants and elaborate the possible mechanism of actions in killing the parasites. From several databases, we found six mangrove species which have been suggested as potential antimalarial sources. Various phytochemical compounds in extracts made from those plants were revealed to exert antimalarial activity. These include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, coumarins, triterpenes, glycosides, and anthraquinones which were indicated to have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium. From eight studies investigating mangrove plant extracts, no toxic effects were shown. Therefore, considering the available evidences, we suggested that mangrove plants can be used as a source for the discovery of antimalarial compounds with promising activities against Plasmodium sp. However, deeper understanding on the exact mechanisms of their actions still requires further elucidation. Keywords: Antimalaria, Anthraquinone, Mangrove, Plasmodium sp., Protozoa
Pharmacological Activities of Sonneratia Alba Mangrove Plant : A Review Rizki, Andita Fitri Mutiara; Azmi, Wihda Aisarul; Muhaimin, Muhaimin; Louisa, Melva; Artika, I Made; Siregar, Josephine Elizabeth
Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry
Publisher : Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jisic.v15i2.29274

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with a high amount of diverse natural resources. Various plants have important roles in supporting human medicinal needs due to their availability in providing various medicinal resources. One of the natural resources is Sonneratia alba, a species of mangrove plant known with high adaptive ability and tolerance to extreme environmental conditions such as high saline stress, light intensity exposure, and free radicals. This review summarized the findings on pharmacological activities of S. alba.  Several studies reported the adaptive ability of S. alba with its various pharmacological activities such as antimalarial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer. These activities are strongly correlated with its bioactive constituents such as terpenoid, alkaloid, tannin, quinone, phenolic, and flavonoid. The mechanism of each pharmacological activity has been suggested in several studies. These findings could be beneficial in drug discovery for several infectious and degenerative diseases and in the development of drugs at industrial stage. Keyword: Anticancer, antimalaria, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Sonneratia alba  
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Pasir Tanjung Melalui Optimalisasi Edu-Tani untuk Mencapai Pembangunan Desa Berkelanjutan Gita Putri Andani; Resti Rahmawati Putri; Muhammad Nafiz; Hani 'Athiyya Rafi; Siagian, Putri Junita; Luzicoiij, Michael Edison; Rava Raisha Putra; Dzihan Dinar Rabani; I Made Artika; Andani, Gita Putri
Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. Khusus: Desember 2024
Publisher : Direktorat Pengembangan Masyarakat Agromaritim, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpim.6.Khusus.63-75

Abstract

The Thematic Community Service Lecture (KKNT) activity held in Pasir Tanjung Village, Tanjungsari District, Bogor Regency aims to empower the Pasir Tanjung Village community to support sustainable village development through the edu-tani optimization program. This activity was carried out using a method involving socialization, demonstration, mentoring, and cooperative learning in several programs: making liquid organic fertilizer (Green Craft), natural pesticides (Integrated Pest Management), agricultural technology applications (IPB Digitani and Agricount), and character development of school-age children using the cooperative based learning method. As a result, this activity succeeded in achieving its target with a positive response from the community, where more than 60% of participants felt very satisfied. The programs implemented provided direct benefits in the form of increasing soil fertility, pest control, access to agricultural technology information, and strengthening children's character. This activity shows that the programs implemented are effective in supporting community empowerment and contributing to village sustainability. Recommendations include further training, program integration into the curriculum, and strengthening cooperation with partners are needed for program sustainability.
Co-Authors . SURYANI A. E. Zainal Hasan AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdillah, Ramadhani Malik Abdul Choliq ABIYYU, NAUFAL ADINDA VIRGINIA DWI SETYO Agung Eru Wibowo AHMAD ENDANG ZAINAL HASAN AHMAD ENDANG ZAINAL HASAN Ahmad Sulaeman Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan Amanda, Nisa Widya AMIN FATONI Andani, Gita Putri Andita Fitri Mutiara Rizki, Andita Fitri Mutiara Anshary Maruzy Antonius Padua Ratu Apipah Aprianti Apon Zaenal Mustopa APON ZAENAL MUSTOPA Arya Arendra ASMAUL CHUSNA AL ANSHORY Asri Sulfianti Assifah Eryandini Azmi Azhari Azmi Azhari, Azmi Azmi, Wihda Aisarul BUGI RATNO BUDIARTO Canggih Setya Budi Cok Istri Agung T Apriliyanti DEDI JUSADI Denny Irawati Desi Purwaningsih Dewi Sukma Dhani Luthfi Ramadhani DIMAS ANDRIANTO Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno Dodi Safari Dodi Safari Dodi Safari Dodi Safari Dwi N. Susilowati Dyah Subositi Dzihan Dinar Rabani Eliza Halim Erismar Amri Erlank Bagjavicenna Erna Puspasari Evi Nur Qolbaini Fatriani, Rizka Fina Febrianti Firda DIMAWARNITA Firdausy, Iman Akhyar Firmansyah, Ridwan Putra Fitrianita, Alfia Fri Rahmawati GARDA YODI Gholam, Gusnia Meilin Gita Putri Andani Gusnia Meilin Gholam H. A. E. Zainal Hasan Hani 'Athiyya Rafi Hardinsyah Harsana, Ngurah HARTUTIK EKA SUSANTI HARYANTO SUSILO Hasim - HASIM DANURI Hayatul Rahmi Herti Sugiarti Herti Sugiarti, Herti Hyakansa HANIF I Nyoman Rai Widiartha Kesuma Ifa Manzila Iman Rusmana Inawati Inawati Inda Setyawati, Inda Irsal, Riyan Alifbi Putera Jajang Suhyana K, Popi A Kartin Roosita Kurnia Agustini Laita Nurjanah Laita Nurjanah, Laita LAKSMI AMBARSARI Lasmiyanti, Metty Lusiana Kresnawati Hartono Luzicoiij, Michael Edison M. Zairin Junior M.Pd Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sudiana . Mala Nurilmala MARIA BINTANG MARLIN MARLIN Martina Simbolon Meilisza, Nina Melva Louisa Mirza Dikari Kusrini Mohamad Rafi MS, Yulia Atika Muhaimin Muhaimin Muhamad Syukur MUHAMMAD AGUS SUPRAYUDI Muhammad Dailami, Muhammad Muhammad Nafiz Muhammad Zairin Jr. Mutmainnah A. Umar Nadine Rudiyana NELLY MARLIANI Ni Kadek Sintya Anggreni Ni Putu Asri Ratna Suhita Ni Putu Peggy Liliyani Nina Meilisza Nisa Widya Amanda Noorwati Sutandyo Norman Razief Azwar Norman Razief Azwar Novik Nurhidayat Novik Nurhidayat Nuke Annisa Nasution NUNUK WIDHYASTUTI Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo Nur Hasanah Nurmala Sari Nurul Khumaida Nurul Khumaida Perkasa Arian Popi Asri Kurniatin Puji Lestari Purwanto, Ukhradiya Magharaniq Safira Puspa Julistia Puspita Rahadian Pratama Rahmawati, Fri Rava Raisha Putra Resti Rahmawati Putri Ridwan Putra Firmansyah Rimbawan Rimbawan Rini Kurniasih, Rini Rizka Fatriani Roedhy Poerwanto RONNY YUNIAR GALINGGING Sang Ayu Made Sri Tandewi Sang Ayu Putu Didi K Agustini Septiany C. Palilingan Sharah Nabilla Sheryn Sunni Albani Shobiroh Nuur Alimah Siagian, Putri Junita Siregar, Josephine Elizabeth Siti Nurjanah Siti Nurjanah Soekarno Mismana Putra Soekarno Mismana Putra, Soekarno Mismana Sogandi Sogandi Sogandi Sogandi Sudarsono Suharyanto Suharyanto Sulistiani sulistiani Suryani Suryani Suryani Suryani Suryani SURYANI SURYANI Suryo Wiyono Sutoro Sutoro Syaeful Abidin Syamsul Falah Tatik Khusniati Tetty Chaidamsari Tetty Chaidamsari, Tetty Tri Panji Tri Rini Nuringtyas Trini Suryani Kadir Vita Rosaline Fahri Waras Nurcholis Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wasrin Syafii Wibowo, Syahputra Wijiastuti Wijiastuti Yadi Suryadi Yahdiana Harahap Yulianto YUNITA ARIAN SANI ANWAR Zahra, Hafizh