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EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CASTOR OIL AND DIESEL OIL MIXTURES IN A 4-STROKE COMPRESSION COMBUSTION ENGINES: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CASTOR OIL AND DIESEL OIL MIXTURES IN A 4-STROKE COMPRESSION COMBUSTION ENGINES Suardi, Suardi; Alamsyah, Alamsyah; Nugraha, Andi Mursid; Pawara, Muhammad Uswah
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/MECHTA.2023.004.02.6

Abstract

The production of hydrocarbon fuels shows a downward trend which forces people to look for alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel from vegetable oil. One solution that can be applied in the use of biodiesel mixed with castor oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a mixture of castor oil on the performance of diesel engines. The method used in this experiment is testing it directly on a diesel engine. Experiments were carried out on machines with a load of up to 4000 watts by mixing pure diesel fuel with castor oil to produce biodiesel B10, B20, and B30 as fuel. The results showed that the use of castor oil biodiesel tends to be lower than diesel oil, the torque produced by B20 17,59 N.m is greater than diesel oil, and the thermal efficiency of B20 17,04 % and SFC B20 is 470,2 gr/kWh more economical than diesel oil. B20 provides better performance values foe diesel engines and this is the right solution to be an alternative fuel other than diesel oil.
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Performance Using Biodiesel from Cooking Oil Waste (WCO) Suardi, Suardi; Setiawan, Wira; Nugraha, Andi Mursid; Alamsyah, Alamsyah; Ikhwani, Rodlian Jamal
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 14 No. 1 (2023): May
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21771/jrtppi.2023.v14.no1.p29-39

Abstract

The increasing use of fossil fuels will cause the world's oil reserves to be depleted. In this case, it is necessary to increase the use of alternative renewable fuels, one of which is biodiesel waste cooking oil (WCO). The method used is an experimental test with a mixture of used cooking oil biodiesel and fuel. Before testing, the temperature of each fuel is increased to determine the effect of temperature on the density and viscosity values. The highest density value is found in B50 fuel at 26 °C, with a density of 0.854 gr/ml, while the lowest density is found in diesel fuel at 60 °C, with a density of 0.822 gr/ml. The highest viscosity value is found in B50 fuel at 26 °C and 60 °C, which is 3.26 cSt. After that, testing was carried out on a diesel engine, which produced the highest thermal efficiency value of 21.16% on B50 fuel with a temperature of 60 °C at 1000 rpm rotation and a load of 4000 watts. The lowest thermal efficiency of 6.43% was found in B50 fuel with a temperature of 26 °C at 800 rpm and a load of 1000 watts. The lowest consumption was found in B30 with a temperature of 60 °C at 1200 rpm, which was 420.78 gr/kWh. From the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the lower the density and viscosity of the fuel, the better the performance of the diesel engine on average. High temperatures effectively make the engine performance value better than normal temperatures (26 °C), and the performance of diesel engines is better with WCO fuel, especially in SFC.
Experimental Study on The Performance Characteristics of 4 Stroke CI Engine using Biodiesel Blend from Coconut Oil suardi, suardi; Paribang, Feston Sandi; Setiawan, Wira; Wulandari, Amalia Ika; Pawara, Muhammad Uswah; Nugraha Arifuddin, Andi Mursid; Alamsyah, Alamsyah
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v13i1.188-196

Abstract

To address the challenges faced by the government in the realm of petroleum imports, a promising strategy was adopted in the utilization of biodegradable and renewable sources of biodiesel, such as coconut oil. This research employed two distinct methodologies: Transesterification for biodiesel synthesis and a comprehensive assessment of fuel properties. Subsequently, an experimental phase assessed biodiesel within an engine environment to analysis performance metrics. Results showed that B30 (30% coconut oil, 70% diesel oil) has density of 0.850 g/cm³, B50 (50% coconut oil) at 0.861 g/cm³, and B100 (Pure coconut oil) at 0.893 g/cm³. The values differed from regional standards. As per ASTM D6751, B30 has a viscosity of 2.31 cSt, B50 3.22 cSt, and B100 is 7.02 cSt. Engine performance revealed B50 with the highest torque at 11.787 Nm, while B0 (pure hydrocarbon diesel) has a thermal efficiency of 38%. B0’s lowest SFC (Specific Fuel Consumption) is 261.12 g/kWh at 2000 watts load and 1000 rpm. Biodiesel coconut oil provided comparable power and torque (0.3% difference from B0) but consumed more fuel (21.6 % higher usage than B0). Keywords:  Biodiesel, Coconut oil, Engine performance, Fuel properties, Transesterification.
Enhancing From Healthy Eating to Green Energy: A Dual Approach to Student Education on Nutrition and Biodiesel (Renewable Energy) Suardi, Suardi; Pawara, Muhammad Uswah; Alamsyah, Alamsyah; Nurcholik, Samsu Dlukha; Wulandari, Amalia Ika; Anggela, Anggela
Indonesian Journal of Maritime Technology Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Volume 3 Issue 2, December 2025
Publisher : Naval Architecture Department, Kalimantan Institut of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35718/ismatech.v3i2.8481808

Abstract

Adolescence represents a critical stage of physical and cognitive development, requiring balanced nutrition to support growth, concentration, and academic performance. However, many students still lack awareness of healthy dietary practices and continue to consume nutrient-poor foods, leading to increased risks of metabolic and cognitive disorders. To address this issue, a dual-focus educational program was implemented at SMA Negeri 6 Penajam Paser Utara, combining balanced nutrition education with the introduction of simple renewable energy technology through biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. The program, conducted in collaboration with the Kalimantan Institute of Technology (ITK), employed interactive lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on sessions to enhance student understanding. A pre-test and post-test evaluation involving 40 students demonstrated a substantial improvement in knowledge, increasing from 45% to 96% after the intervention. Participants also expressed strong positive responses to the integration of nutritional awareness and eco-friendly technology, recognizing its relevance to daily life and environmental sustainability. The results show that this dual educational approach effectively strengthens students’ understanding of healthy eating habits while promoting environmental responsibility through waste-to-energy concepts. Overall, the program highlights the potential of combining nutrition education and renewable energy literacy as a strategic model for school-based community outreach aimed at fostering healthier, more environmentally conscious future generations.
Stability Study of Water Ambulance in East Kalimantan Inland Waterways Alamsyah; Ardhi Hidayatullah; Wira Setiawan; Suardi; Habibi; Samsu Dlukha Nurcholik; Wardina Suwedy
WAVE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Maritim Vol. 17 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/wave.2023.186

Abstract

This paper discusses the prediction of ship stability before sailing. This study aims to determine the stability value of the water ambulance in specific operating scenarios. The method used in this study is the B-splines mathematical equation and the optimization method using Maxurf software, which varies ship loading by 100% DWT, 50% DWT, and 25% DWT. The results of the study showed that 100% DWT had a maximum GZ value of 40 degrees and an initial GM of 1.240 meters; 50% DWT conditions had a maximum GZ value of 41.8 degrees and an initial GM of 0.711 meters; and 25% DWT conditions had a maximum GZ value of 43.2 degrees and an initial GM of 0.653 meters. The initial GM value increases with an increasing DWT value. Meanwhile, the maximum GZ value decreased as the DWT value increased. All operational scenarios are determined to meet HSC 2000 Annex 8 monohull criteria.
ANALISIS KEKUATAN MEMANJANG PADA GELADAK KAPAL KONTAINER DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA Amalia Ika Wulandari; Suardi Suardi; Dimas Putra Wahid Rusparyansyah
WAVE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Maritim Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Berdasarkan data yang diterbitkan oleh United Nations Conference on Trade And Development, tercatat jumlah kapal kontainer aktif yang berlayar di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 6.086 kapal. Menurut data European Maritime Safety Agency, terdapat 1.101 kasus kecelakaan kapal kontainer di seluruh dunia pada rentang tahun 2011 hingga 2015. Salah satu faktor penyebab kecelakaan tersebut adalah kegagalan struktur pada geladak yang tidak mampu menahan beban yang ada selama kapal beroperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan memanjang pada geladak Kapal Kontainer 409 TEU berbahan baja KI-A36 dengan metode non-linear finite element method. Beban yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah beban dinamis berupa gelombang hoggingdan saggingserta jenis pelat pada kapal yang digunakan yaitu AH-36. Hasil penelitian diperoleh tegangan maksimum paling tinggi adalah 288,954 N/mm2 dengan safety factor 1,229 yaitu pada kondisi ketebalan pelat 75% saat sagging, dan tegangan maksimum terkecil adalah 225,216 N/mm2 dengan safety factor 1,576 yaitu pada kondisi ketebalan pelat 100% saat hogging. Momen lentur vertikal yang diperoleh adalah 4,46 x 1011 N.mm pada kondisi hogging dan -4,66 x 1011 N.mm pada kondisi sagging. Kemudian pada kondisi hogging, momen ultimate terbesar adalah 1,196 x 1012 N.mm dengan safety factor 2,68 pada ketebalan pelat 100% dan momen ultimate terkecil adalah 8,687 x 1011 N.mm dengan safety factor 1,95 pada ketebalan pelat 75%. Pada kondisi sagging, momen ultimate terbesar adalah -9,882 x 1011 N.mm dengan safety factor 2,12 pada ketebalan pelat 100% dan momen ultimate terkecil adalah -6,271 x 1011 N.mm dengan safety factor 1,34 pada ketebalan pelat 75%.
KEKUATAN FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) SEBAGAI BAHAN GADING KAPAL KAYU Alamsyah Alam; Rodlian Jamal Ikhwani; Taufik Hidayat; Suardi Suardi
WAVE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Maritim Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Penggunaan baja untuk menggantikan kayu Bitti sebagai bahan konstruksi gading kapal kayu dinilai tidak praktis karena melalui proses pembentukan dan pemeliharaan, sehingga penggunaan bahan lain seperti FRP sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ukuran dan bentuk penampang bahan FRP yang sesuai sebagai pengganti gading kayu ditinjau dari segi kekuatan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu elemen hingga (FEM) dan dianalisis menggunakan metode eksperimen numerik pada software. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan mengoptimalkan bahan FRP dengan bentuk penampang I beam, I beam+flange, box of hole beam, T beam, dan U beam+flange sebagai pengganti bahan kayu Bitti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gading kayu Bitti memiliki elastisitas (E) = 9534.02 MPa dan momen inersia penampang (I) = 2197x104 mm4 terjadi tegangan maksimum (?k) = 7.682 N/mm2 dan lendutan maksimum (?) = 0.1 mm, untuk faktor keamanan gading kayu Bitti (Sf) = 1.28, sedangkan bahan FRP pengganti gading kayu dengan nilai (E) = 69000 MPa dapat digunakan penampang I beam dengan nilai I = 316x104 mm4, I beam+flange dengan nilai I = 288x104 mm4, box of hole beam dengan nilai I = 317x104 mm4, T Beam dengan nilai I = 478 x104 mm4, serta U beam+flange dengan nilai I = 375x104 mm4, terjadi tegangan maksimum (?k) = 52.00 N/mm2 dengan lendutan maksimum (?) < 0.082 mm dan faktor keamanan (Sf) = 1.28. Bahan FRP pengganti kayu gading membutuhkan momen inersia penampang sebesar 1/7~1/5 kali lebih kecil dari momen inersia penampang kayu gading dengan elastisitas tujuh kali lebih besar dari kayu gading. Nilai ini dapat dijadikan patokan untuk ukuran kapal di atas ataupun di bawah 70 GT ketika akan menggunakan bahan FRP sebagai pengganti gading kayu.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil with Cetane Number Improver Suardi; Faisal Mahmuddin; Syerly Klara; Muhdar Tasrief; Muhammad Uswah Pawara; Hijriah; Muhammad Reza Fachrul Jaya
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v9i3.4914

Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves has led to a global energy crisis, with increasing demand for alternative energy sources. Diesel fuel shortages, especially in countries like Indonesia, have driven the exploration of biodiesel as a sustainable alternative. This study aims to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel, with the addition of a cetane number improver (CNI) to enhance its performance in diesel engines. The biodiesel was produced through methanolysis, and 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate (EHN) was added to improve combustion and reduce engine knocking. The results show that the produced biodiesel had a density of 856 Kg/m³ for B0, 872.7 Kg/m³ for B0 with CNI, and 872.1 Kg/m³ for B50CN. Viscosity values were 2.32 cSt for B0, 5.645 cSt for B50, and 4.722 cSt for B50CN. The cetane index was 49.2 for B50 and B50CN, while B0 had a value of 48. The emissions measured included CO levels of 194 mg/Nm³ for B0, 254 mg/Nm³ for B50, and 280 mg/Nm³ for B50CN. NOx emissions were 852 mg/Nm³ for B0, 755 mg/Nm³ for B50, and 825 mg/Nm³ for B50CN. Oxygen content was 15.9% for B0, 14.9% for B50, and 16.2% for B50CN. The findings indicate that adding EHN to WCO biodiesel improves fuel properties but increases emissions of CO and NOx. Overall, WCO-based biodiesel with EHN is a viable alternative fuel that balances performance improvements with environmental considerations.
Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil Combined With Corn Oil Into Biodiesel Using the Transesterification Method Suardi; Faisal Mahmuddin; Syerly Klara; Wira Setiawan; Muhammad Uswah Pawara; Jumardi
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v9i1.5039

Abstract

This research endeavors to explore a novel alternative fuel source by combining waste used cooking oil and corn oil to create a biodiesel blend. The study addresses two main objectives: first, to investigate the properties of used cooking oil biodiesel with the addition of methanol and NaOH catalysts, and second, to assess engine performance using the biodiesel blend. The experimental approach employs transesterification, varying the catalyst quantity during biodiesel production. Preceding diesel engine testing, properties such as viscosity are assessed, revealing improved values meeting Indonesian National Standards post-catalyst addition, albeit with a decrease in calorific value. Engine performance is then evaluated, demonstrating that as the catalyst content increases, torque and thermal efficiency decrease, while specific fuel consumption (SFC) rises. Notably, the study concludes that a higher catalyst ratio aligns fuel properties closer to government-set standards. The most favorable engine performance is observed in the B50 sample with a catalyst variation of 1000 ml of methanol and 25 g of NaOH, showcasing superior torque, thermal efficiency, and opacity values compared to higher catalyst variations. This research underscores the importance of catalyst optimization in achieving an environmentally friendly biodiesel blend with enhanced engine performance.
Design of Motorcycle-Passenger Ship (Klotok) Catamaran Type for Kampung Baru Balikpapan - Penajam Paser Utara Suardi; Rizky Risaldo; Andi Mursid Nugraha Arifuddin; Amalia Ika Wulandari; Wira Setiawan; Muhammad Uswah Pawara; Alamsyah
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v8i3.5114

Abstract

Balikpapan City has an area of 508.9 km2 which has 646,727 people living here. Balikpapan City is also known as a port city because it has two domestic ports namely Kampung Baru Port and Semayang Port. Currently, the port of Kampung Baru is still active in carrying out daily activities, namely the klotok boat crossing and also the dock for motor boats berths. The condition of mobility for crossing vessels in the port of Kampung Baru that uses boat klotok is inadequate due to the lack of supporting components for access to the ship so the safety of this port is questioned. besides that, klotok ships are also only able to carry a maximum of 21 passengers and 5 motorcycles and access to loading and unloading exits is very unsafe. The purpose of this study is to design a crossing ship that can be used safely for transportation for passengers and motorcycles that will pass the sea lane for crossing to the North Penajam Paser area. The ship is designed to have an easy access door or ramp door for passenger and motorcycle mobility to improve the safety of crossings at the port of Kampung Baru. The parent Design Approach method is used in this project, this method is one way of designing a ship using comparison or comparison, namely by taking a ship that is used as a reference for a comparison ship that has the same characteristics as designed ship. The main focus to be achieved in this research obtained a General Arrangement which has more cargo than the klotok ship with a capacity of 25 passengers and 10 motorcycles, and the dimension of the ramp door used in this final project is L 1.50 m and B 1.50 m. The Principal dimension of the ship obtained in this research is Loa = 12.50 m, Lpp = 11.50 m, Lwl = 11.96 m, B = 5.75 m, B1 = 1.64 m, H = 1.8 m, T = 0.85 m, Cb = 0.56, Vs = 15 Knots. The results of this study provide a good idea of the modernization of a comfortable ferry fleet for this area.
Co-Authors Abdillah, Riza Abdul Basiq Zainal Abidin Abdurrahman, Luthfi Abidin, Abdul Basiq Zainal Abiyyu Harly Saputra Achmad Fahrizul Hasmi Adhy Rahmat Adila, Imam Rifqi Ahmad Razzan Aknul Ciptiandi Aknul Ciptiandi Alamsyah Alamsyah Alamsyah - Alamsyah Alamsyah Alamsyah Alamsyah alamsyah alamsyah Alamsyah Alamsyah Alamsyah, Alamsyah Alfawan Alfawan Alfawan Alwi, Muhammad Rusdy amalia ika wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Amalia Ika Wulandari Andi Mursid Nugraha Arifuddin Andi Mursid Nugraha Arifuddin Andi Nadia Himaya Anggela, Anggela Anggit Dwi Putra Anugerah, Andi Nurwahid Ardhi Hidayatullah Ardhi Hidayatullah Arifuddin, Andi Mursid Nugraha Arwis Irmandana Astin, Widya Yulia Aulia, Ade Putri Rezki Aung Ye Kyaw Aung Ye Kyaw Aung Ye Kyaw Ayu Nastiti, Yulia Bancin, Sutomo Baratau, Irentya Anugra Basri Said Baya, Nur Bima Prihasto Burliyanto, Decky Cahyani, Alviana Eka Chaerul Qalbi AM Chris Jeremy Verian Sitorus Chris Jeremy Verian Sitorus Cindy Lionita Agusty Desinta Larasati Ashar Devy Setiorini Sa’adiyah Dhio Stofani Dimas Putra Wahid Rusparyansyah Dimas Putra Wahid Rusparyansyah Dimas Rizqi Fahrezi Dwiyanti, Diva Syahirah Elfin Zulmi Azhar Erifive, Pranata Erskine Simei Tonda Fabila, Nova Fachrul Jaya, Muhammad Reza Fahmi Zahrotama Fahmi Zahrotama Faisal Mahmuddin Faisal Mahmuddin Faisal Mahmuddin Faisal Mahmuddin Faisal Mahmuddin Fajar, Achmad Febrillian Bima Jagad Saksana Feston Sandi Paribang Fiesta Olivia Firman Bagja Juangsa Firmansyah, Mohammad Bagus Fitri, Ade Gad Gunawan Gom Gom Mulia Yehezkiel Tambunan Guskarim Rompon Habibi Habibi Habibi Handayani, Windah Hariyono Hariyono Hariyono Hariyono, Hariyono Harlian Kustiwansa Haryawan, Hafiz Hendry Hermayanti, Nabila Ayu Hidayat, Taufik Hijriah Hijriah Hijriah Hijriah Hijriah, Hijriah Irvan Setiawan Jamal Jamal Jumalia, Jumalia Jumardi Jumardi, Jumardi Jusma Wahidah Klara, Syerly Kustiwansa, Harlian Kyaw, Aung Ye Lista Putri Adinda Rahmi Lumbantoruan, Hendra Eliakim Lumenteri, Fido Fortunatus M. Rusydi Alwi M. Uswah Pawara Mahmuddin, Faisal Mambang Rezalut T Mamola, Randi Maulana, Mohammad Khafid Moch Purwanto Mochamad Zaed Yuliadi Mochammad Purwanto mubarak, azhar aras Muhammad Reza Fachrul Jaya Muhammad Rusdy Alwi Muhammad Syaiful Umara Muhammad Yusuf Ismail Muhammad Zainal Muhdar Tasrief Myistro, Evan Naufal, Daffa Ahmad Naval Architecture, Diva Nugraha Arifuddin, Andi Mursid Nugraha, Andi Mursid Paribang, Feston Sandi Pradityana, Atria Prahmana, Rico Aditia Pramudya Imawan Santosa Pranatal, Erifiive Pratama, Brian Yoga Pratama, Raditya Hendra Raditya, Muhammad Yogi Raditya, Muhammad Yogi Rajagukguk, Pernando Anju Ramadana, Andi Najwa Ramadhani, Rizky Rara Gusnia Nurulhaini Ratna Septati Yani Ricko Orientius Paseru Rifai, Muhammad Rijal Surya Rahmany Rio Hermawan Risaldo, Rizky Rizky Risaldo Rodlian Jamal Ikhwani Ryanda Bayu Laksana S.Pd. M Kes I Ketut Sudiana . Samsu Dlukha N Samsu Dlukha Nurcholik Sarani Nigrat Nai Pos-Pos Setiawan, Wira Setiawan, Wira Sherina Fitri Hariani Sherly Clara Siagian, Firman Veryvicasi Vernando Simanjuntak, Lowry Gabriel Simatupang, Gusrawati, Sander V S Siswahyudianto Sitanggang, Syahrul Gunawan Suanggana, Doddy Sultan Mahmud Cakasana Syadzali, Abdul Mujib Syerly Klara Syerly Klara Tasrief, Muhdar Tasrief, Muhdar Taufik Hidayat Taufik Hidayat Wardina Suwedy Wati, Gusra Widya Yulia Astin Wijaya, Vibra Wira Setiawan Wira Setiawan Wira Setiawan Wira Setiawan Wira Setiawan Wira Setiawan wulandari, amalia ika Wulandari, Amalia Ika Yosefan, Andreyano Zen Zulkarnaen