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REKAYASA TANAMAN CABAI DENGAN REFUGIA DAN TANAMAN PINGGIR SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN MEMPERCEPAT KEHADIRAN COCCINELLIDAE PREDATOR Siska Efendi
Agrika Vol 17, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Penerbitan Universitas Widyagama Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31328/ja.v17i2.4968

Abstract

ABSTRAKAphis gossypii Glover merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman cabai. Salah satu metode pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan dan efektif adalah  menggunakan Coccinellidae predator yang memiliki keanekaragaman rendah pada tanaman cabai. Kehadiran Coccinellidae predator secara alami selalu terlambat dibandingkan A. gossypii. Pengendalian hama tersebut dapat dioptimalkan melalui rekayasa ekosistem dengan penanaman tanaman refugia dan tanaman pinggir di tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh tanaman pinggir dan refugia terhadap keanekaragaman dan kehadiran Coccinellidae predator pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian berbentuk eksperimen yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu: 1) budidaya cabai monokultur, 2) budidaya cabai dan tanaman pinggir, 3) budidaya cabai dan refugia, 4) budidaya cabai, kombinasi tanaman pinggir dan refugia. Percobaan dilakukan pada lahan seluas 35 m x 10 m. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis ragam. Jika terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan, pengolahan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey pada taraf nyata 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan refugia dan kombinasi refugia dengan tanaman pinggir berpengaruh terhadap jumlah individu, jumlah spesies, keanekaragaman, dan kemerataan Coccinellidae predator. Penanaman tanaman refugia dan tanaman pinggir tidak mampu menarik Coccinellidae predator hadir lebih cepat ke tanaman cabai, tetapi dapat menjadi alternatif pengendalian A. gossypii yang ramah lingkungan dan berpotensi meningkatkan keanekaragaman hayati di lahan pertanian. ABSTRACTAphis gossypii Glover is one of the most destructive pests on chili plants. One environmentally friendly and effective control method for this pest is to use predatory Coccinellidae which have low diversity in chili plants. The presence of predatory Coccinellidae is always naturally later than A. gossypii. Control of these pests can be optimized through ecosystem engineering by planting refugia plants and edge plants in chili plants. This research aims to study the influence of edge plants and refugia on the diversity and presence of predatory Coccinellidae on chili plants. The research took the form of an experiment arranged using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely: 1) monoculture chili cultivation, 2) chili cultivation and edge plants, 3) chili cultivation and refugia, 4) chili cultivation, a combination of edge plants and refugia. The experiment was carried out on an area of 35 m x 10 m. Data were processed using analysis of variance. If there were differences between treatments, processing continued with the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. The research results showed that refugia and the combination of refugia with edge plants had an effect on the number of individuals, number of species, diversity and evenness of predatory Coccinellidae. Planting refugia plants and edge plants is not able to attract the predatory Coccinellidae present more quickly to chili plants, but can be an environmentally friendly alternative to control A. gossypii and has the potential to increase biodiversity on an agricultural land.  
KOMBINASI METODE KULTUR TEKNIS DAN PESTISIDA NABATI SEBAGAI STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI PENGENDALIAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO (PBK) PADA SENTRA PRODUKSI DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT Luthfi Luthfi; Irfan Suliansyah; Siska Efendi
JURNAL PERTANIAN CEMARA Vol 20 No 2 (2023): JURNAL PERTANIAN CEMARA (CENDEKIAWAN MADURA)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24929/fp.v20i2.3035

Abstract

Provinsi Sumatera Barat berupaya menjadi sentra baru komoditi kakao di Indonesia. Upaya tersebut menghadapi tantangan berat, salah satunya akibat serangan hama Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK), yang mengancam produksi dan keberlanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui efektvitas metode pengendalian kultur teknis, pestisida nabati serai wangi, dan pestisida sintetik terhadap penggerek buah kakao (PBK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Nagari Simpang Sugiran pada bulan September sampai November. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan kakao yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga perlakuan yaitu kultur teknis, pestisida nabati dan pestisida sintetik. Parameter yang diamati yakni persentase tanaman terserang, persentase buah terserang, persentase biji terserang, dan kelimpahan populasi PBK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tanaman, buah, dan biji terserang berkurang pada semua lahan perlakuan. Persentase tanaman terserang pada petak perlakuan pestisida sintetik dan nabati tidak berbeda nyata pada bulan ke-3 pengamatan. Persentase buah dan biji terserang pada perlakuan pestisida sintetik berbeda nyata dengan kultur teknis dan pestisida nabati. Walaupun demikian secara keseluruhan persentase tanaman, buah dan biji terserang tergolong rendah. Artinya pengendalian secara kultur teknis, pestisida nabati dan sintetik tergolong efektif dan dapat dikombinasikan pada saat aplikasi di lapangan.
PENGGUNAAN HERBISIDA TRIKLOPIR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN GULMA PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT FASE BELUM MENGHASILKAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA: Use Of Triclopyr Herbicide To Control Weeds In The Int-Producing Phase Of Palm Oil And Its Effect On Insect Diversity Efendi, Siska; Akbar, Ilham; Ardi, Ardi
AgriPeat Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023): JURNAL AGRIPEAT
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36873/agp.v24i2.8180

Abstract

Weed is one of the major problems in immature oil palm plantations. Weed control is carried out to optimize the growth of oil palm plants, and the method commonly used in the field is chemical control with herbicides. The active ingredient of the herbicide used in the field is triclopyr, however herbicide application is thought to affect the diversity of insects, especially those found in lower vegetation, at the same time it is necessary to observe the effect of herbicide application on insect diversity. This study aims to obtain an effective dose of herbicide to control weeds in immature oil palm plants and to determine the effect of herbicide application on insect diversity. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Triclopyr herbicide treatment doses were 864 g.ha-1, 768 g/ha, 672 g.ha-1, 576 g.ha-1, mechanical weeding and control. Insect sampling method uses insect nets and pitfall traps. The data obtained were analyzed using variance or F test at 5% level and further test was carried out by DMRT at 5% level. The results showed that the best dose of herbicide triclopir was 768 g/ha because it was effective in controlling the weeds of Borreria latifolia, Calopogonium mucunoides and Asystasia gangetica. Triclopyr herbicide application affects the diversity of insects and the even distribution of insects.
Perbandingan Tingkat Kerusakan Buah Kopi Oleh Hama Penggerek (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) pada Perkebunan Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) dengan Ketinggian Berbeda Sri Nadiawati; Adrinal Adrinal; Siska Efendi
Media Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): Media Pertanian
Publisher : Program Studi Agroteknologi Universitas Siliwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37058/mp.v8i1.6972

Abstract

Penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. adalah salah satu hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kopi Arabika di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Secara umum, Hypothenemus hampei dapat menyerang berbagai jenis kopi, tetapi kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) cenderung lebih rentan terhadap serangan ini dibandingkan dengan kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora). Di Indonesia, jenis kopi yang banyak ditanam adalah kopi Arabika dan kopi Robusta. Kopi Arabika lebih banyak ditanam di dataran tinggi, sementara kopi Robusta lebih banyak ditanam di dataran rendah. Menarik untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi PBKo dan tingkat kerusakan pada kopi arabika di dataran tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi dan tingkat kerusakan PBKo pada kopi arabika di dataran tinggi. Pengamatan dilakukan di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Kerinci dan Laboratorium Bioekologi Serangga Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerusakan PBKo tertinggi terdapat di Desa Sungai Renah (1242 mdpl), Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat (1242 mdpl) yakni 64,32% dan kerusakan terendah juga terdapat di Desa N1, Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat yaitu 8,04% (1654 mdpl). Hal tersebut menunjukkan tingkat kerusakan PBKo berkurang dengan meningkatnya ketinggian lokasi. The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. is one of the main pests that attacks Arabica coffee plants worldwide, including in Indonesia. Generally, Hypothenemus hampei can attack various types of coffee, but Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) tends to be more susceptible to this pest compared to Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). In Indonesia, the most commonly cultivated types of coffee are Arabica and Robusta. Arabica coffee is mainly grown in highland areas, while Robusta coffee is grown in lowland areas. It is interesting to know the population abundance and level of damage caused by CBB on Arabica coffee in highland areas. This study aims to determine the population abundance and level of damage caused by CBB on Arabica coffee in highland areas. Observations were conducted in smallholder coffee plantations in Kerinci District and the Insect Bioecology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The results showed that the highest CBB damage was found in Sungai Renah Village (1242 mdpl), Kayu Aro Barat Sub-district (1242 mdpl), with a damage level of 64.32%, while the lowest damage was found in N1 Village, Kayu Aro Barat Sub-district, with a damage level of 8.04% (1654 masl). This indicates that the level of CBB damage decreases with increasing altitude.
Struktur Komunitas Dermaptera Predator Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Efendi, Siska; Setiawati, Rahmi; Suhendra, Dede; Awaluddin, Awaluddin
JURNAL AGROPLASMA Vol 10, No 1 (2023): JURNAL AGROPLASMA VOLUME 10 NO 1 TAHUN 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS LABUHANBATU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/agroplasma.v10i1.3494

Abstract

This research observed about the structure of Dermaptera insects community on oil palm trees. This research is aimed to study about the structure of the community and the abundance of each species of Dermaptera on oil palm trees. The research is conducted in three places, they are Nagari Gunung Selasih, Sungai Dareh and IV Koto. The research is conducted using hand collecting method once a month. It is operated two times in October and November 2017. Result shows that there are four species of Dermaptera found in the three places, they are Chelisoches morio, Doru aculeatum, Euborellia arcanum and Vostox apicedentatus. The most common species found is C. morio. It is also found that the structure of Dermaptera is not complex because it’s unevenness and has a low biodiversity value. 
PENGARUH COATING GEL LIDAH BUAYA TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH KAKAO Aulia Aryanti, Nissa; Anwar, Aswaldi; Efendi, Siska; Suhendra, Dede
Jurnal Pertanian Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): OKTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jp.v12i2.4234

Abstract

Benih kakao termasuk benih rekalsitran yang memiliki beberapa kendala seperti kadar air yang tinggi, tidak tahan desikasi dan suhu rendah, serta mudah terserang jamur sehingga menyebabkan benih tidak dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Pada kondisi kadar air benih yang tinggi, perombakan cadangan makanan terjadi pada benih melalui proses respirasi benih juga tinggi yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan mutu benih akibatnya viabilitas dan vigor benih juga menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan benih kakao dengan gel lidah buaya terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih, dan mendapatkan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya yang mampu mempertahankan vigor dan viabilitas benih kakao selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2019 di Laboratorium Kampus III Universitas Andalas, Dharmasraya. Penelitian ini disusuan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan beberapa konsentrasi gel lidah buaya yakni 0%, 25%, 50%, dan 75%. Setiap perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan diketahui bahwa pelapisan benih dengan gel lidah buaya tidak berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao.
Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) kandidat agens pengendali hayati Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) dan kutu daun lain pada tanaman cabai Efendi, Siska; Awaluddin, Awaluddin
Agrokompleks Vol 24 No 1 (2024): Agrokompleks Edisi Januari
Publisher : Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51978/japp.v24i1.727

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan C. sexmaculata pada ekosistem pertanaman cabai, mempelajari biologi C. sexmaculata, dan mempelajari preferensi serta kemampuan memangsa C. sexmaculata. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Purposive Random Sampling. Ukuran keanekaragaman yang digunakan yakni indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wienner dan indeks kemerataan Simpson. Pengujian biologi dan demografi C. sexmaculata dengan mangsa A. gossypii. Pengamatan tanggap fungsional dan preferensi C. sexmaculata disusun dalam rancangan faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama yakni pemaparan mangsa ke C. sexmaculata dengan kerapatan yang berbeda yaitu 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50 individu, faktor kedua jenis mangsa yakni A. gossypii, A. craccivora, dan M. persicae. Data dianalisis dengan uji sidik ragam dan uji lanjut Tukey pada taraf 5%. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies Coccinellidae predator. Spesies yang paling melimpah yakni C. sexmaculata. Lama hidup C. sexmaculata sejak stadium telur hingga menjadi imago yakni 29,43 ± 4,71 hari. Perkembangan larva terdiri dari empat instar, masa perkembangan instar I sampai IV berturut-turut yakni 1,72 ± 0,21; 1,74 ± 0,31; 2,30 ± 0,46; dan 2,46 ± 0,40 hari. Keperidian imago betina C. sexmaculata yakni 123,44 ± 15,03 butir selama 13,50 ± 2,12 hari. Laju pemangsaan C. sexmaculata berbeda tidak nyata pada tiga jenis mangsa yang dipaparkan. Berdasarkan analisis regresi logistik diketahui C. sexmaculata memperlihatkan tanggap fungsional tipe I terhadap A. craccivora dan tipe III pada mangsa M. persicae dan A. gossypii. Temuan ini membuktikan secara biologi C. sexmaculata sebagai kandidat agens pengendali hayati A. gossypii dan kutudaun lain yang potensial.
Kajian Potensi Kumbang Penyerbuk (Elaeidobius kamerunikus Faust) dan Thrips Bunga Hawaii (Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan) sebagai Agens Polinator pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Siska Efendi
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 11, No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.7742

Abstract

Pollinating beetle (Elaeidobius kamerunikus Faust) and thrips hawaiiensis (Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan) are the main pollinators of oil palm. Elaeidobius kamerunikus was introduced from Cameroon in 1982 while Thrips hawaiiensis is a native pollinator that already exists in the ecosystem of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to study the potential of Elaeidobius kamerunikus and Thrips hawaiiensis as pollinating agents in oil palm. This research was conducted in a plasma plantation belonging to the Agricultural Technology Assessment Agency (BPTP) in Nagari Gunung Medan, Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The parameters used to measure the potential of insect pollinators are population abundance, frequency of visits, and fruit set and fruit grade values, as well as the yield of palm oil produced. Observation of abundance was carried out by directly observing the population of these insects on male flowers of oil palm that were in anthesis. The frequency of visits by Elaeidobius kamerunikus and Thrips hawaiiensis was carried out on receptive female oil palm flowers using the Fix Sample Method. Observations of the frequency of visits were carried out in the morning, afternoon and evening. Pollination effectiveness is done by looking at the value of fruit set and the grade of fruit produced. Based on the analysis of the observed data, it is known that the population abundance of Elaeidobius kamerunikus is higher than that of Thrips hawaiiensis. Likewise with the frequency of visits Elaeidobius kamerunikus visited the female oil palm flowers more often than Thrips hawaiiensis. Based on the time of observation, Elaeidobius kamerunikus visited more female oil palm flowers in the morning and afternoon, while in the afternoon the frequency of Thrips hawaiiensis visits was higher. The total fruit formed as a result of pollination of Thrips hawaiiensis was 793 consisting of 177 grade A, 145.5 grade B, and 472.50 grade C, while the fruit pollinated by Elaeidobius kamerunikus was less, namely 514.5 fruit consisting of 150 grade A, 125.5 grade B, and 239 grade C. The fruit set values produced by the two pollinator insects tested were low, namely 46.45% for Elaeidobius kamerunikus and 59.43 for Thrips hawaiiensis.
Keanekaragaman Coccinellidae Predator pada Ekosistem Pertanian Organik dan Anorganik di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Siska Efendi
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 11, No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.9072

Abstract

The main principle of pest control in organic farming is to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides. On the other hand, pest control in agricultural systems prioritizes the conservation of natural enemies in these ecosystems. Coccinellidae predators are one of the potential natural enemies available in organic farming ecosystems. To optimize the potential of these natural enemies, it is necessary to study the diversity of these predators in organic farming. By knowing the species and abundance of Coccinellidae predators in organic farming ecosystems, a suitable conservation model can be designed for these natural enemies so that these predators can carry out their functions to control pests, especially aphids. This study aims to study the diversity of predatory Coccinellidae in organic and inorganic agriculture in West Sumatra Province. Coccinellidae predators are collected directly and use insect nets. The diversity of Coccinellidae predators was analyzed with the Shannon Winner and Simpson abundance indexes. Based on the exploration carried out on several organic farms in West Sumatra, 18 species of Coccinellidae Predators have been collected, and six species have not been identified. Next, it is proven that organic farming has a high diversity of 1.90 compared to inorganic farming, which is 1.65. The presence of predatory Coccinellidae in organic farming is more evenly distributed, namely 0.67. Menochilus sexmaculatus is one species that has the potential to be optimized as a biological control agent for aphids.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT NAGARI PERSIAPAN GIRI MAJU, KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT DENGAN INOVASI DAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN JAGUNG P.K. Dewi Hayati; Siska Efendi; Ira Desri Rahmi; Rafki Saputra
BULETIN ILMIAH NAGARI MEMBANGUN Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM (Institute for Research and Community Services) Universitas Andalas Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/buletin ilmiah nagari membangun.v1i3.23

Abstract

Maize is the main cash crop in intercropping system applied for replanting of palm oil which is expected to be the main source of income before palm oil crops produce. The transfer of maize cultivation technology in small holder palm oil plantation is aimed at increasing production of maize without harming the main crops and maintaining the productivity of land and the environment. Increased income can also be done through efforts to increase the added value of maize seeds into various food products. KKN-PPM activities that took place in Nagari Persiapan Girimaju, Luhak Nan Duo sub-district, West Pasaman district from June to August 2018 aimed to transfer maize production technology that is environmentally friendly and to transfer knowledge and skills in increasing the value added of maize into various food and other processed products. Results obtained from the KKN activities were (1) the community was able to apply maize production technology which was synergized with cattle farming, (2) there was an increase in the efficiency of maize production through introduction of maize sheller machine, (3) the community was able to produce a variety of maize-based food products and ( 4) the formation of new UMKMs in the location. The results of statistical analysis using a Likert scale gave an index value of 0.99 on the impact/benefits of KKN, indicating that KKN-PPM activities were categorized as very successful and benefited to the community, and gave an index value of 0.95 for the performance of KKN team, indicating that KKN-PPM team had sufficient competency and suitability knowledge with the program conducted.