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GRAND STRATEGY POROS MARITIM DUNIA BERHADAPAN DENGAN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE DALAM KONTEKS DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN Balontia, Meitty Josephin; Halkis, H.M.; Wibowo, A Setyo
Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan Vol 5 No 2 Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan (Agustus 2019)
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

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Abstrak -- Dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan, Indonesia perlu meningkatkan kekuatannya. Poros Maritim Dunia sebagai sebuah grand strategy melingkupi seluruh kekuatan nasional baik pertahanan, ekonomi, maupun diplomasi. Dalam konsep kekuatan / power, setidaknya ada tiga jenis power yang dipakai oleh sebuah negara yakni, militer (hard power), kekuatan ekonomi, dan soft power. Ketiganya penting dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan termasuk didalamnya tantangan yang datang melalui hadirnya Belt and Road Initiative. Belt and Road Initiative sebagai inisiatif konektivitas antar negara terbesar jelas membawa tantangan tetapi juga peluang bagi Indonesia. Indonesia dengan upaya nya untuk membangun konektivitas maritim dan wilayah perairan dapat memanfaatkan kehadiran Belt and Road Initiative terutama dalam hal pembiayaan dan teknologi. Akan tetapi, usaha untuk menangkap peluang tersebut harus diimbangi dengan kemampuan untuk meminimalisir tantangan yang mungkin muncul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bagaimana Poros Maritim Dunia sebagai sebuah grand strategy mampu menjawab tantangan serta peluang yang datang dari Belt and Road Initiative. Serta, bagaimana diplomasi pertahanan sebagai bagian dari soft power Indonesia mampu mengupayakan antisipasi terhadap penggunaan hard power Tiongkok sekaligus mengangkat peluang yang bisa didapatkan dari kerjasama antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok dalam bingkai Belt and Road Initiative. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif fenomenologis, peneliti mencoba mencari makna dan pola kekuatan yang terdapat baik dalam Poros Maritim Dunia, Belt and Road Initiative, maupun dalam relasi keduanya. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa grand strategy Poros Maritim Dunia efektif dalam menghadapi Belt and Road Initiative dengan meningkatkan serta menggunakan kekuatan yang ada termasuk diplomasi pertahanan. Kata Kunci: grand strategy, poros maritim dunia, belt and road initiative, power, hard power, soft power, peluang, tantangan Abstract -- To overcome various challenges, Indonesia needs to increase its powers. The Global Maritime Fulcrum as a grand strategy covers all national powers, including defense, economy and diplomacy. In the concept of power, there are three types of powers that being used by the state which is, military (hard power), economic power, and soft power. All of them are important to face various challenges including challenges that come through the presence of Belts and Road Initiatives. The Belt and Road initiative as a largest inter connectivity across nations clearly present not only challenges but also opportunities for Indonesia. Indonesia’s effort to build and improve its maritime connectivity can take advantage of Belt and Road Initiative in terms of funding and technology.  However, Indonesia’s effort to get these opportunities must be balanced with the ability to minimize the challenges that might arise. This research shows how  the Global Maritime Fulcrum as a grand strategy can answer both challenges and opportunities of Belt and Road Initiative. And  how defense diplomacy as part of Indonesia's soft power is able to anticipate the using of China's hard power while raising opportunities that can be obtained from cooperation between Indonesia and China in the frame of the Belt and Road Initiative. By using phenomenological qualitative research, researcher try to find the meaning and pattern of power in the Global Maritime Fulcrum, Belt and Road Initiative, and in their relation. In this study it was found that the Global Maritime Fulcrum Grand Strategy was effective in dealing with the Belt and Road Initiative by increasing and using its powers including defense diplomacy.Keywords: grand strategy, global maritime fulcrum, belt and road initiatives, power, hard power, soft power, opportunities, challenges
DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA TERHADAP PELANGGARAN WILAYAH OLEH CHINA DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN NATUNA MELALUI PELAKSANAAN LATIHAN PUNCAK ANGKASA YUDHA TNI AU TAHUN 2016 Kusuma, Wida Sanditya; Halkis, Mhd; Yusgiantoro, Purnomo
Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan Vol 5 No 3 Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan (Desember 2019)
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

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Abstrak – Pasca insiden penangkapan kapal pencuri ikan nelayan China di perairan Kepulauan Natuna, berbagai upaya dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk menyampaikan pesan bahwa perairan Natuna adalah milik Indonesia yang sah dan berdaulat. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di Natuna pasca insiden tersebut adalah pelaksanaan Latihan Puncak Angkasa Yudha yang diselenggarakan oleh Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara (TNI AU). Latihan Puncak Angkasa Yudha adalah latihan rutin dan tertinggi yang dimiliki oleh TNI AU. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus, tesis ini akan mengkaji tentang peran dan bentuk Diplomasi Pertahanan yang terkandung dalam pelaksanaan Latihan Puncak Angkasa Yudha dalam rangka turut menciptakan pertahanan dan keamanan di kawasan perairan Natuna. Teori yang dipakai dalam tesis ini ialah teori kekuatan udara, teori deterensi non-nuklir, dan konsep diplomasi pertahanan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Latihan Puncak Angkasa Yudha memiliki peran sebagai diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam menjaga pertahanan dan keamanan perairan Natuna, serta adanya deterrence effect atau daya gentar yang berbentuk pengurangan angka pelanggaran batas wilayah hukum oleh China di wilayah tersebut sebagai bukti peningkatan kapasitas (capacity building) dan peningkatan kepercayaan (confidence building measures/CBMs) sekaligus meningkatkan hubungan harmonis dengan negara China yang sempat tegang akibat insiden tersebut.Kata kunci: China, deterrence effect, Diplomasi Pertahanan, Latihan Puncak Angkasa Yudha, Natuna Abstract – After the incidents of Chinese illegal fishing boat arrests in the Natuna Islands waters, various attempts were made by the Indonesian government to convey the message that Natuna waters’ sovereignty is owned legitimately by Indonesia. One of the activities carried out in Natuna after the incident was the Grand Exercise Angkasa Yudha which was organized by the Indonesian Air Force. Angkasa Yudha Exercise is the annual exercise and the highest form of exercise of Indonesian Air Force. This study uses qualitative research method and study case approach that will examine the role and and forms of defense diplomacy contained in the exhibition of Angkasa Yudha Exercise. Theories used in this thesis are air power theory, deterrence theory (non-nuclear deterrence), and defense diplomacy concept. From this study, it could be concluded that Angkasa Yudha Exercise has a role as Indonesia’s defense diplomacy in maintaining the defense and security of Natuna waters in terms of capacity building and confidence building measures (CBMs), also it gives deterrence effect in the form of reducing the number of Chinese’s violations in the area, this effort also aims to increase harmonious relations with the once-tensed relation with China after the incident.Keywords: Angkasa Yudha exercise, defense diplomacy, deterrent effect, China, Natuna
Pola Perimbangan dan Regionalisasi Sektor Pertahanan di Shanghai Cooperation Organization Akhli, Rangga Amalul; Gumilar, Nugraha; Halkis, Mhd
Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan Vol 4, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Prodi Diplomasi Pertahanan
Publisher : Universitas Perrtahanan Indonesia (UNHAN)

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Abstrak – Tulisan ini berusaha memahami dua hal, yakni pola perimbangan dan regionalisasi sektor pertahanan di Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), sebuah organisasi regional yang beranggotakan China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kirgistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan dan kemudian mengikutsertakan India serta Pakistan yang bergabung di tahun 2017. Untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang itu, tulisan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan telaah atas teori perimbangan milik Kenneth Waltz, Stephen Walt dan Randall Schweller. Hasil temuannya adalah (1) pola perimbangan dan regionalisasi sektor pertahanan di SCO dimulai berkat adanya persepsi ancaman yang serupa, hal ini mengkonfirmasi teori balance of threat milik Walt; (2) Pola perimbangan dapat berubah menjadi balance of power apabila terdapat tekanan-tekanan kekuatan luar pada negara anggota SCO. Kondisi itu nampak terlihat saat adanya Revolusi Tulip dan Kericuhan Adijan yang direspon oleh SCO dengan mempertontonkan latihan militer dengan skenario perbantuan dan menandatangani kerjasama dengan CSTO; (3) Terpeliharanya regionalisasi sektor pertahanan di SCO tidak terlepas dari pengaruh besar China di dalamnya. China bertindak sebagai pemegang status quo, di sisi lain negara lainnya cenderung melakukan bandwagoning terhadap China, karena dengan melakukan hal tersebut mereka dapat mendapatkan keuntungan.Kata kunci: Teori Perimbangan, Regionalisasi sektor Pertahanan, Shanghai Cooperation Organization Abstract -- This article aims to understand two points, namely the Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s (SCO) pattern of balancing and its defense regionalization. SCO is the regional organization that consists of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kirgistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and followed by the two new comers: India and Pakistan in 2017. To analyze the above mentioned, this article uses qualitative method by reviewing three balancing theories introduced by Kenneth Waltz, Stephen Walt, and Randall Schweller. The findings are (1) Walt argument from balance of threat theory confirms why such states declared the SCO and its defense regionalization by emphasizing the common threat; (2) Waltz’ balance of power partially emerged when the member states received international pressures due to the Tulip Revolution and the Andijan incident. These incidents caused the SCO to hold military assistance scenario in the largest peacemission exercise at that time (2007) and signed such cooperation with Russia led millitary alliance-CSTO at the same time; (3) the regional balancing pattern cannot cover over the China’s greater role at this organization. In the SCO, China balances for its status quo preservation while the rest tend to bandwagon the emerging China power to get profit from it. Keywords: balancing theory, defense regionalization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization
TINJAUAN SOSIAL-POLITIK TERHADAP ISLAM DAN TAMADUN MELAYU DI ASIA TENGGARA TANTANGAN DAN HARAPAN Muhammad Halkis
TOLERANSI: Media Ilmiah Komunikasi Umat Beragama Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Januari - Juni
Publisher : Lembaga penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyrakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/trs.v6i1.895

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Hubungan Islam dengan masyarakat Melayu muncul dalam membangun peradaban terasa nyata ketika era pasca kolonial memerlukan pemikiran kebangsaan (nation state) terbentuk melalui proses politik kenegaraan sehingga kadar resapan negara-negara terhadap nilai-nilai Islam dapat dipahami.Teori yang menjelasakan bahwa negara bangsa adalah produk modernitas tidak sejalan dengan masyarakat kultur yang berorientas pada masa lalu adalah keliru, karena masa sekarang merupakan dunia kehidupan yang berlanjut dalam situasi yang berbeda. Ada tiga indikator resapan sebuah negara dalam era globalisasi saat ini terhadap Islam, yaitu; 1) konstitusi, mengatur kehidupan administrasi sebauh negara, 2) politisasi sejauh mana Islam menjadi bahsan konsumsi politik kenegaraan, dan 3) simbolisasi menggunakan simbol-simbol ke-Islam dalam menunjukan identitas kenegaraan
FENOMENOLOGI : ALTERNATIF PENGEMBANGAN ILMU Mhd Halkis
AL-FIKRA Vol 14, No 1 (2015): Al-Fikra : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/af.v14i1.3901

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STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN CSR-MULTINASIONAL SEBAGAI MODEL CSR BELA NEGARA; STUDI KASUS PT FREEPORT DAN PT CHEVRON Mhd Halkis
JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA Vol 8, No 2 (2018): JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS DIRGANTARA MARSEKAL SURYADARMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.244 KB) | DOI: 10.35968/jh.v8i2.254

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This study aims to develop the model of CSR Bela Negara with an assumption that the ethical value of a company will seek to defend itself for the sake of the sustainability of a business. Starting from the ThreeDimensional Performance Model of Corporate Performance by Archie B. Carroll on CSR's Relationship with Corporate Performance to understand the phenomenon of two different companies, the problematic company (PT.Freeport Indonesia is changing from Contract of Work to IUPK) and company which supports both central and regional regulation (PT.Chevron, fixed with Contract of Work status). There are three elements of concern; categories of understanding of social responsibility, involvement of social problems, and philosophy of accountability. The results of research indicate that awareness of corporate discretion that is able to respond to the needs of the environment, especially the political condition of the state seen a multinational company persist. which persist by emphasizing on CSR-Discretion. For that Conceptual Model of Three Dimensional Companies Archie B Carrol can be developed as a Model of CSR Bela Negara. Keywords: Bussines Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility Bela Negara (CSR-BN), Citizenship Corporate (CC), and Multinational Corporate
EVALUASI PROGRAM CETAK SAWAH OLEH KOREM 174/ATW DI MERAUKE DALAM MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL Agus Ikwanto; Yusuf Yusuf; H. M. Halkis
Strategi Perang Semesta Vol 5 No 2 Jurnal Strategi Perang Semesta (Agustus 2019)
Publisher : Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (UNHAN RI)

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Abstrak -- Dihadapkan kepada letak geografi Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan dan negara agraris serta program pemerintah yang telah menargetkan program swasembada pangan harus dapat tercapai dalam kurun waktu 3 (tiga) tahun, maka program cetak sawah oleh Korem 174/ATW di Merauke merupakan suatu hal yang bernilai strategis. Oleh sebab itu, untuk mengetahui sejauhmana perencanaan, persiapan, pelaksanaan serta akhir dari program cetak sawah oleh Korem 174/ATW ini perlu di evaluasi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan program cetak sawah oleh Korem 174/ATW di Merauke yang hasilnya diharapkan menjadi sebuah masukan untuk lebih mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan cetak sawah di masa yang akan datang. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yang memiliki manfaat dalam memberikan sumbangan bagi penentuan kebijakan, memberikan sumbangan bagi perumusan dan implementasi serta perubahan kebijakan sesuai dengan data-data yang ditemukan.Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, ditemukan data bahwa pelaksanaan program cetak sawah oleh Korem 174/ATW telah memberikan dampak yang sangat signifikan bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Merauke. Disisi lain, ketahanan pangan merupakan potensi wilayah yang merupakan komponen pendukung dalam penyiapan sisitem pertahanan semesta. Namun demikian, masih ditemukan adanya kendala di dalam pelaksanaannya terkait dengan gambar SID bermasalah, keterlambatan bibit dan pupuk serta keterbatasan irigasi dan jalan usaha tani. Sehingga strategi yang dapat dilaksanakan antara lain; melibatkan Korem 174/ATW dan LMA dalam proses perencanaan, melaksanakan pembibitan mandiri oleh masyarakat serta Pemda melaksanakan program pendampingan pembuatan irigasi dan jalan usaha tani.Kata kunci:         evaluasi, program cetak sawah, korem 174/atw, ketahanan pangan nasional Abstract -- Facing the geographic location of Indonesia as an archipelagic country and an agrarian country and government programs that have targeted food self-sufficiency programs must be achieved within a period of 3 (three years), the rice field construction program by Korem 174 / ATW in Merauke has a strategic value. Therefore, to find out how far the planning, preparation, implementation and end of the rice field program by Korem 174 / ATW needs to be evaluated.The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the implementation of the rice field constructing program by Korem 174 / ATW in Merauke where the results were expected to be an input to further optimize the implementation of rice field constructing in the future. The method used is a qualitative method that has benefits in contributing to policy determination, the results of qualitative research can also contribute to the formulation and implementation and change of policies in accordance with the data found. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it is found that the implementation of the rice field constructing program by Korem 174 / ATW has had a very significant impact on improving community welfare in Merauke Regency. On the other hand, food security is a potential region that is a supporting component in the preparation of the universal defense system. However, there are still obstacles in its implementation related to the image of problem SID, delay in seedlings and fertilizers and the limitations of irrigation and farming roads. So that the strategies that can be implemented include; involving the 174 / ATW and LMA Military Committees in the planning process, carrying out independent nurseries by the community and the Regional Government implementing a mentoring program for making irrigation and farming roadsKeywords: evaluation, rice field constructing program, korem 174 / atw, national food security
The Concept of Ukhuwah Wathoniah in the 12 Gurindam Poems by Raja Ali Haji Mhd Halkis; Bani Sudardi
IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya Vol 20 No 1 (2022): IBDA': Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1030.451 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6668

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This study explains the values of ukhuwah wathoniah in the poem Gurindam 12 by Raja Ali Haji. Researchers used a literature review method with three steps. First the exploration of Malay cultural texts related to ukhuwah wathoniah, and data collection through the internet, libraries, and scientific dialogues with experts. The second, uncover the meanings of the essential phrases found in Gurindam 12. The third, constructs the values found. The study's results found that the values of ukhuwah wathoniah in Gurindam 12 contain fundamental values, practical operational values, and reflective meta-values. The fundamental values in building ukhuwah wathoniah are; knowledge, nobility, language, the goal is happiness and glory. In practical operational values, one can understand textual and contextual issues, issues of humanity and unity, and issues of justice and welfare. The Meta-Reflective Approach Gurindam 12 values can be reflected in building nationalism in the era of Industry 4.0. In conclusion, the values of ukhuwah wathoniah are relevant to understanding the phenomenon of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as a country. This originated from a sense of togetherness of nations in the post-colonial archipelago of the Dutch East Indies and continues to grow to achieve common goals. Cultural works reflect the creativity of generations in their time. Thus, Raja Ali Haji's Gurindam 12 complements the Language Manual, which was used as a guide in the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Oath) of October 28, 1928, to promote Malay as the national language of Indonesia. The rise and fall of Indonesia-Malaysia relations can be understood in the context of ukhuwah wathoniah and ukhuwah Islamiah.
Upaya Pemerintah Malaysia Menanggulangi Masalah Terorisme Syahrir Mujib; Mhd Halkis
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jurnalsospol.v8i2.22549

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This paper aims to explain the counter-terrorism efforts carried out by the Malaysian government. As is well known, Southeast Asia is a region which is the basis for the development of radical groups that lead to acts of terrorism. Malaysia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia that has experienced various acts of terrorism in line with the development of radical groups in the country. There are around 13 (thirteen) radical groups developing in Malaysia. Indeed this is a threat to security and defense. So that the Malaysian government seeks to overcome various acts of terrorism. By using qualitative methods and the concept of deradicalization, this study found that the Malaysian government's counterterrorism efforts were carried out through the implementation of deradicalization programs and cooperation with countries in the Southeast Asian region.
OPERATION ZENI TNI-AD IN FACING BIOLOGICAL THREATS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHEN THE COUNTRY'S DEFENSE Wahyudi Adrian; Pujo Widodo; Halkis Halkis
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 2 No 5 (2023): IJHESS-APRIL 2023
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v2i5.385

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The involvement of the military defense function in the face of non-military threats is indirect and prioritizes the deterrence function. But on a certain scale, military defense can be engaged in a more concrete form on the basis of government political decisions or at the request of the main non-military elements that need it, for example in overcoming widespread disease outbreaks and in overcoming the impact of natural disasters or search and rescue (SAR). The worldwide Covid-19 pandemic is a form of Nubika threat that is not clear about the causative factor, but has a tremendous impact, and has increased awareness and awareness of the world community, including Indonesia, about how terrible and tragic nubika's danger is to the safety of the nation and country, even the world. The Covid-19 pandemic until 2021 is not over and the emergence of new variants has caused the spread of the virus to be faster and wider in various countries. The Indonesian government continues to strive to reduce the rate of virus transmission through various social restriction policies, including involving the TNI in assisting in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. One of them is the involvement of the Pusziad Army Explosives Taming Zeni Company (Kizi Nubika) as the only strategic unit in the Indonesian Army that specifically addresses the dangers of Nubika The biological threat can be an asymmetric war and is a major threat to human, animal, and plant health. Infectious diseases and harmful biological materials can spread and have a detrimental impact on ecosystems and economies. The Indonesian Army (Army) is expected to become a major force in dealing with biological threats through the development of capabilities and capabilities in the field of bioskills, including understanding of zoonoses, epidemiology, early detection, prevention, control, and recovery from biological threats. The Indonesian Army is also expected to cooperate with various parties, including governments, international organizations, and the scientific community, in efforts to control biological threats