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All Journal Englisia Journal Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora Pembaharuan Hukum International Journal of Law Reconstruction JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia Masyarakat Berdaya dan Inovasi AL-Ishlah : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum International Journal of Asian Education FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching LEGAL BRIEF Risalah Hukum TANJUNGPURA JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE AND EDUCATION RIO LAW JURNAL Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Afeksi: Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan Jurnal Kependidikan Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani (MUDIMA) Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bestari (JPMB) JASL - Journal of Applied Studies in Language Abdimas Indonesian Journal Prosiding University Research Colloquium Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Jurnal Penelitian Chanos Chanos Baashima: Jurnal Bisnis Digital, Akuntansi, Kewirausahaan, dan Manajemen PEDAMAS (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) SUBSERVE: Community Service and Empowerment Journal INSANI: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Pendidikan Educommunity Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Academia Open Proceeding International Conference Restructuring and Transforming Law
Muchamad Iksan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
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Journal : academia open

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The Relevance of Judicial Beliefs in the Negative Proof System of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code: Analysis of Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby: Relevansi Keyakinan Hakim dalam Sistem Pembuktian Negatif Pasal 183 KUHAP: Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Nomor 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby Ahmad Bagus Aditia; Muchamad Iksan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12995

Abstract

General Background: Judicial conviction is a central component of Indonesia’s criminal justice system, which adopts the negative proof theory under Article 183 KUHAP. Specific Background: Growing discrepancies between judicial conviction and legally valid evidence, illustrated by Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN.Sby, have raised concerns regarding doctrinal consistency and judicial practice. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies integrate normative analysis, case-based evaluation, and Islamic legal perspectives to define the boundaries of judicial conviction. Aims: This study examines the relevance and limitations of judicial conviction within the negative proof model and assesses its application in the referenced court decision, complemented by Islamic jurisprudential insights. Results: Findings indicate that although the negative proof system remains normatively sound, judicial practice reveals deviations when conviction becomes overly subjective and insufficiently grounded in evidence; Islamic law emphasizes that judicial belief must be based on proof and moral accountability. Novelty: This research offers an integrative framework combining normative doctrine, case analysis, and Islamic legal principles to reinterpret the objective limits of judicial conviction. Implications: Strengthening objective standards, judicial integrity, and ethical safeguards is necessary to ensure proper application of Article 183 KUHAP and to restore public trust in judicial institutions. Highlights: The negative proof system requires judicial conviction to be firmly grounded in valid evidence. The Surabaya court case illustrates how subjective conviction can distort legal reasoning. Islamic legal principles reinforce the need for moral accountability in judicial decision-making. Keywords: Judicial Conviction, Negative Proof Theory, Article 183 KUHAP, Judicial Integrity, Islamic Legal Perspective
Co-Authors Abdul Pirol Afifa, Nur Ahmad Bagus Aditia Aidul Fitriciada Azhari Alam, Samsu Aldi Setiawan Alfath Sartanto Alwi Alwi Amalia Yahya, Amalia Anastasya, Dita Nadya Andi Sadapotto Andria Luhur Prakoso Angga Maghrifin Suryanto Anwar, Lestari Aristya Windiana Pamuncak Ashylla Zabrina Dipayanti Aziza Azra Larissa Baderiah Baderiah Bahari, Roni Bayu Nito Ilham Satria Bayu Setiajit, Sahid Cahya Handy Saputra Cahyo Kuntoro Desak Nyoman Darmayanti Dewi Yusmananda, Putri Diana Setiawati Dipayanti, Ashylla Zabrina Diyah Murti Hastuti Dodi Ilham Efendi, Erwatul Fahlia, Fahlia Fahmi Fairuzzaman Fajar Syarif Febriani, Hanifah Furwana, Dewi Gilang Rahmat Allam Gunarto Nanang Prabowo Haekal Abdatamma Ramadhan Hananto, Avip Rusdi Hartanto Hasan Hasan Hilal Mahmud, Hilal husnaini, husnaini Husni Akhmad Husein Ibrahim Nurrohman Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Indra Permana, Indra Jasmine Maulana Kuntoro, Cahyo Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani, Kuswardani Madehang, Madehang Marisa Kunianingsih Marisa Kurnianingsih Moestofa, Yoesoef Muhammad Hanafi Mukh Nursikin, Mukh Natangsa Surbakti Nur Ilmi Putri Febriyanti Nur ilmi putri febriyanti Nurlina Afifah Litti Nurul Fatimah Az Zahro Oki Suwandi Pambudi, Rizal Peggy Dian Septi Nur Angraini Puji Muniarty Rafi Arnanda Faturohman Resti Nurmala Dewi Riza Arif Pratama Rizal Pambudi Rizal Pambudi Rizka Romli Mukayatsyah Rosmita Rosmita, Rosmita Sahril Nur Salazar, Ramonita A Saputra, Cahya Handy Saputri, Irwinda Mutiara Sari, Winda Permata Sartanto, Alfath Shabrial Aura Putra Shofiana Eka Aulia Shofiana Eka Aulia Sri Endah Wahyuningsih Sri Endah Wahyuningsih Sri Endah Wahyuningsih Subeno, Handoyo Sudaryono Sudaryono Sudaryono Sudaryono Suharli, Suharli Sukmawati Tono Palangngan, Sukmawati Tono Syaifuddin Zuhdi Taufik Hidayat Teguh Prasetya Wardah Yuspin Wibisono, Fiqkri Akbar Wildan Alfa Sina Winda Permata Sari Wiwin Wiwin, Wiwin Yusril Aulia Patra Zainuddin, Andi Husni A. Zuhdi, Syaifudin