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Muchamad Iksan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
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Journal : Academia Open

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The Relevance of Judicial Beliefs in the Negative Proof System of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code: Analysis of Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby: Relevansi Keyakinan Hakim dalam Sistem Pembuktian Negatif Pasal 183 KUHAP: Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Nomor 454/Pid.B/2024/Pn.Sby Ahmad Bagus Aditia; Muchamad Iksan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12995

Abstract

General Background: Judicial conviction is a central component of Indonesia’s criminal justice system, which adopts the negative proof theory under Article 183 KUHAP. Specific Background: Growing discrepancies between judicial conviction and legally valid evidence, illustrated by Surabaya District Court Decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN.Sby, have raised concerns regarding doctrinal consistency and judicial practice. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies integrate normative analysis, case-based evaluation, and Islamic legal perspectives to define the boundaries of judicial conviction. Aims: This study examines the relevance and limitations of judicial conviction within the negative proof model and assesses its application in the referenced court decision, complemented by Islamic jurisprudential insights. Results: Findings indicate that although the negative proof system remains normatively sound, judicial practice reveals deviations when conviction becomes overly subjective and insufficiently grounded in evidence; Islamic law emphasizes that judicial belief must be based on proof and moral accountability. Novelty: This research offers an integrative framework combining normative doctrine, case analysis, and Islamic legal principles to reinterpret the objective limits of judicial conviction. Implications: Strengthening objective standards, judicial integrity, and ethical safeguards is necessary to ensure proper application of Article 183 KUHAP and to restore public trust in judicial institutions. Highlights: The negative proof system requires judicial conviction to be firmly grounded in valid evidence. The Surabaya court case illustrates how subjective conviction can distort legal reasoning. Islamic legal principles reinforce the need for moral accountability in judicial decision-making. Keywords: Judicial Conviction, Negative Proof Theory, Article 183 KUHAP, Judicial Integrity, Islamic Legal Perspective
Co-Authors Abdul Pirol Afifa, Nur Ahmad Bagus Aditia Aidul Fitriciada Azhari Alam, Samsu Alfath Sartanto Alwi Alwi Amalia Yahya, Amalia Anastasya, Dita Nadya Andi Sadapotto Andria Luhur Prakoso Anwar, Lestari Aristya Windiana Pamuncak Baderiah Baderiah Bahari, Roni Batulante, Arbi Bayu Setiajit, Sahid Cahyo Kuntoro Desak Nyoman Darmayanti Dewi Yusmananda, Putri Diana Setiawati Dipayanti, Ashylla Zabrina Diyah Murti Hastuti Dodi Ilham Efendi, Erwatul Erma Suryani Fahlia, Fahlia Fahmi Fairuzzaman Fajar Syarif Febriani, Hanifah febriyanti, Nur ilmi putri Furwana, Dewi Gilang Rahmat Allam Gunarto Nanang Prabowo Hananto, Avip Rusdi Hartanto Hasan Hasan Hilal Mahmud, Hilal husnaini, husnaini Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Indra Permana, Indra Kuntoro, Cahyo Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani Kuswardani, Kuswardani Madehang, Madehang Mahdalena Marisa Kunianingsih Marisa Kurnianingsih Moestofa, Yoesoef Muhammad Hanafi Mukh Nursikin, Mukh Natangsa Surbakti Natangsa Surbakti Natangsa Surbakti Natangsa Surbakti Nur ilmi putri febriyanti Nurlina Afifah Litti Nurul Fatimah Az Zahro Oki Suwandi Pambudi, Rizal Patra, Yusril Aulia Pebriana, Yeri Peggy Dian Septi Nur Angraini Puji Muniarty Resti Nurmala Dewi Riza Arif Pratama Rizal Pambudi Rizal Pambudi Rizka Romi Aprianto Romli Mukayatsyah Rosmita Rosmita, Rosmita Sahril Nur Salazar, Ramonita A Saputra, Cahya Handy Saputri, Irwinda Mutiara Sari, Winda Permata Sartanto, Alfath Shofiana Eka Aulia Shofiana Eka Aulia Sri Endah Wahyuningsih Sri Endah Wahyuningsih Sri Endah Wahyuningsih Subeno, Handoyo Sudaryono Sudaryono Sudaryono Sudaryono Suharli, Suharli Sukmawati Tono Palangngan, Sukmawati Tono Syaifuddin Zuhdi Tawaqqal, Akbar Teguh Prasetya Wardah Yuspin Wibisono, Fiqkri Akbar Winda Permata Sari Wiwin Wiwin, Wiwin Zainuddin, Andi Husni A. Zuhdi, Syaifudin