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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Teknotan: Jurnal Industri Teknologi Pertanian Jurnal Ilmu Dasar Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Jurnal Teknik Mesin Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan JURNAL PETERNAKAN Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri Jurnal Riset Kimia ROTOR: JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNIK MESIN Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Jurnal Litbang Industri Biopropal Industri Pro Food Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya Agroindustrial Technology Journal Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Logista: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas Menara Ilmu International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Warta Pengabdian Andalas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan Dan Penerapan Ipteks Andalasian International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences Journal of Global Sustainable Agriculture Jurnal Teknik Mesin AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Jurnal Litbang Industri Jurnal Hasi Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Eksakta - JPPIE Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Journal of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Research Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Jurnal Teknologi Pengolahan Pertanian SAINTI: Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Industri Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea Andalasian International Journal of Social and Entrepreneurial Development Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis GreenTech

Anwar Kasim

Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Author-ID : 296697

Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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PENGARUH SUHU EKSTRAKSI DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM SITRAT TERHADAP PIGMEN BETACYANIN DAUN KREMAH MERAH (Alternanthera dentata) DAN APLIKASINYA PADA PANGAN Lisa Yusmita; Anwar Kasim; Hazli Nurdin
Pro Food Vol. 3 No. 1 (2017): Pro Food
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pangan dan Agroindustri, Universitas Mataram

The aim of this research was to determine the best extraction temperature and concentration of citric acid in the extraction of betacyanin powder from Dentata Ruby leaves (Alternanthera dentata) and to know organoleptic panelist reception in the application of betacyanin pigment as a natural colourant to several food types. The design used in this research is Factorial Random Design (RAL) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by F test, then if significant effect was continued with HSD-Tukey test at 5% real level. The extraction temperature factor consisting of 2 levels ie cold temperature (8oC) and room temperature (25oC), and the citric acid concentration factor consisting of 4 levels ie 0%, 1%, 3% and 5%. The results showed that the interaction between extraction temperature and citric acid concentration in the extraction process gave significantly different effect on betacyanin concentration, acidity degree (pH), total acid and powder yield. The extract of betacyanin pigment powder extracted at room temperature (25oC) with the addition of 0% citric acid was the best treatment with betacyanin concentration of 214.47 mg / 100 g of material, pH 5.85 and total acid of 1.272% and powder yield of 56.43 %. The application of betacyanin powder extract on jelly, syrup and ice cream can be accepted organoleptically by the best treatment that is the addition at 1.5%concentration. Key words: antioxidants, betacyanin, dentata ruby, colourant ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu ekstraksi dan konsentrasi asam sitrat terbaik pada ekstraksi pigmen betacyanin daun kremah merah (Alternanthera dentata) dan mengetahui penerimaan panelis secara organoleptik terhadap aplikasi pigmen betacyanin sebagai pewarna alami terhadap beberapa jenis pangan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara statistik dengan uji F, kemudian bila berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji HSD-Tukey pada taraf nyata 5%. Faktor suhu ekstraksi yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu suhu dingin ( 8oC) dan suhu kamar (25oC), sedangkan faktor konsentrasi asam sitrat yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu 0 %, 1%, 3% dan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara suhu ekstraksi dan konsentrasi asam sitrat pada proses ekstraksi memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap konsentrasi betacyanin, derajat keasaman (pH) dan total asam serta rendemen bubuk. Ekstrak bubuk pigmen betacyanin yang diekstraksi pada suhu kamar (25oC) dengan penambahan asam sitrat 0 % merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik konsentrasi betacyanin sebesar 214,47 mg/100 g bahan, pH 5,85 dan total asam 1,272 % serta rendemen bubuk 56,43 %. Aplikasi penambahan ekstrak bubuk pigmen betacyanin pada jelly, sirup dan es krim dapat diterima secara organoleptik dengan perlakuan terbaik yaitu penambahan pada konsentrasi 1,5 %. Kata kunci: antioksidan, betacyanin, kremah merah, pewarna.

Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber Nofriady Handra; Anwar Kasim; Gunawarman Gunawarman; Santosa Santosa
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 9, No 3: September 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.

PENGARUH WAKTU TEKAN DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL KULIT TUSAM (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et. de Vr.) TERHADAP KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL Asfarizal Saad; Anwar Kasim; Gunawarman Gunawarman; Santosa Santosa
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 37, No 3 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2019.37.3.171-183

Papan partikel tanpa perekat sintetis memiliki peluang untuk dikembangkan menggantikan produk serupa dengan perekat sintetis. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan kulit tusam sebagai papan partikel merupakan hal yang menarik dan belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh papan partikel yang memenuhi standar SNI 03-2105-2006. Komposisi papan partikel adalah 70% TKKS dan 30% kulit tusam, panjang serat TKKS 0,1-2,0 cm dan kadar air 5-6%. Variasi ukuran partikel kulit tusam adalah lolos saringan 30, 40, dan 50 mesh. Papan partikel dibuat dengan empat variasi waktu kempa panas yaitu 10, 15, 20 dan 25 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa waktu kempa panas 20-25 menit merupakan waktu terbaik untuk pembuatan papan partikel dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan kulit tusam. Pada produk papan partikel yang dibuat dengan ukuran partikel kulit tusam 50 mesh diperoleh sifat fisik dan mekanik yang sebagian besar memenuhi SNI 03-2105-2006 untuk papan partikel kerapatan sedang tipe 8, kecuali sifat mekanik MOE belum memenuhi syarat.

RASIO PATI SINGKONG DAN ASAM AKRILAT TERHADAP KAPASITAS ABSORBSI PADA SINTESIS KOMPOSIT POLIMER SUPERABSORBAN Weni Fika; Anwar Kasim; Novelina Novelina; Athanasia Amanda Septevani
Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

This study aimed to synthesize a superabsorbent polymer composite based on a natural polymer that has been made by grafting method using cassava starch as a backbone (main framework), Acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, Ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and N,N Methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. The effect of the ratio of cassava starch and acrylic acid (25 : 75; 50 : 50 and 75 : 25% weight total) has been studied based on absorption capacity. The chemical structure that occurs is analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results of the FTIR spectrum showed that the grafting of acrylic acid to starch occurred. In the ratio of starch to acrylic acid 25 : 75% of the weight total obtained the maximum water absorption ability (absorption capacity) 224 g/g in aquades and 25 g/g in 0,9% NaCl solution. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis komposit polimer superabsorban berbasis polimer alam yang telah dibuat dengan metode grafting (pencangkokan) yang menggunakan pati singkong sebagai backbone (kerangka utama), asam akrilat (AA) sebagai monomer, Ammonium persulfat (APS) sebagai inisiator dan N,N Metilen bisakrilamida (MBA) sebagai crosslinker. Pengaruh rasio pati singkong dan asam akrilat (25 : 75; 50 : 50 dan 75 : 25% berat total) telah dipelajari berdasarkan kapasitas absorbsi. Struktur kimia yang terjadi dianalisa menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Hasil dari spektrum FTIR memperlihatkan bahwa terjadinya grafting asam akrilat terhadap pati. Pada rasio pati dengan asam akrilat 25 : 75% berat total diperoleh kemampuan menyerap air (kapasitas absorbsi) maksimum 224 g/g dalam aquades dan 25 g/g dalam larutan NaCl 0,9%.

Pengembangan Mesin Pencacah Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) dengan Metode Pemotongan Crusher Junaidi - -; Anwar Kasim -; Aidil Zamri -; Sir Anderson -
Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa Vol 9, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (P3M) Politeknik Negeri Padang

Palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) fiber content ± 70 % and can be used for elastic fiber, matrix, mattresses, rugs and raw material fiber -based composite board products, but until now has not been utilized to the fullest . The problem is not the availability of processing unit generates EFB fiber in small scale . One of them is the processing unit thrasher EFB. EFB counter technology that exists today is a large scale that can only be owned by the oil palm industry with a capacity of ± 4,124 kg/hour. For small-scale fiber industry needs a minimum engine capacity of census enumerators ± 300 kg/hour, but this machine is not yet commercially available.In general, the purpose of this research is small scale EFB cutting machines with a capacity of 200-300 kg/hour, the design parameters and identify optimum operating conditions for each component with the technical test of the prototype. From the results obtained machine design an engine capacity of 300 kg/hour, with a few major components, namely counter unit, unit funnel in and out, frame and drive unit . From the results of design calculations obtained engine power 15 hp motor drive with 1450 RPM rotation with 3 phase. From the results of the testing machine in the first enumeration results obtained by the size of the pieces of shredded EFB ± 7 x 7 ( cm ), while the second enumeration stage shredded EFB size becoming smaller ± 3 x 3 ( cm ).

PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT BIOPLASTIK BERBASIS FILLER CELLULOSE MICRO FIBERS RAMI Edi syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Alfi Asben; Sudirman Sudirman
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 19, No 2: JANUARI 2018
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2018.19.2.4146

Pada penelitian ini telah diproduksi dan dikarakterisasi komposit bioplastik dari partikel selulosa serat rami (Cellulose Micro Fibers/CMF) untuk memperkuat komposit bioplastik bermatriks pati tapioka. CMF rami diproduksi menggunakan metode milling (CMFM) dan ultrasonikasi (CMFU) dengan ukuran masing-masing adalah 3,51 µm dan 0,388 µm. Pembuatan dan karakterisasi komposit bioplastik dilakukan dengan metode casting menggunakan gliserol sebagai plastisizer, dan penambahan filler CMF rami. Sifat fisik, kekuatan tarik, struktur dan termal komposit bioplastik dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM, UTM, XRD, dan DSC. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dan konsentrasi CMF secara signifikan mempengaruhi fisik bioplastik komposit. Dari hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa filler CMF berinteraksi dengan matriks pati tapioka, dimana bioplastik dengan CMF rami berukuran kecil memperlihatkan struktur kompak dan permukaan yang lebih homogen. Nilai optimum kekuatan tarik terjadi pada penambahan 8% (w/w) CMF rami dari hasil ultrasonikasi dan milling masing-masing meningkat menjadi 3,31MPa dan 2,71MPa dari 1,64 MPa. Sebaliknya pada sifat termal sedikit berpengaruh dengan penambahan CMF rami. Analisis Difraksi Sinar-X menunjukkan kristalinitas komposit bioplastik meningkat dengan penambahan CMF rami dari 8,65 % menjadi 20,21 % untuk CMFM dan 15,12% untuk CMFU.

Optimalisasi Performa Produksi Broiler yang Dipelihara dalam Kondisi Heat Stress Menggunakan Antioksidan Alami ‘Kalincuang’ Akhis Soleh Ismail; Yose Rizal; Armenia Armenia; Anwar Kasim
Jurnal Peternakan Vol 19, No 1 (2022): Februari 2022
Publisher : State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/jupet.v19i1.15051

ABSTRAK. ‘Kalincuang’ adalah limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan gambir (Uncaria gambir). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran ‘kalincuang’ sebagai antioksidan alami untuk mengoptimalkan performa produksi broiler yang dipelihara dalam kondisi heat stress. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari P1: 0 ppm ‘kalincuang’ (kontrol negatif), P2: 250 ppm vitamin C (kontrol positif), P3, P4, P5, dan P6 adalah pemberian ‘kalincuang’ dengan kadar 125, 250, 500, dan 1000 ppm. Ayam yang digunakan adalah broiler pejantan CP 707 berumur 21 hari. Ayam dipelihara dalam kandang baterai yang terbuat dari besi dan seng. Untuk membuat kondisi heat stress digunakan suhu kandang 36oC selama 8 jam/hari. Pakan dan air minum diberikan secara adlibitum dan pemberian ‘kalincuang’ maupun vitamin C dilakukan melalui air minum. Ayam dipelihara selama 2 minggu (21-35 hari). Mingu pertama adalah masa adaptasi dan minggu kedua adalah masa koleksi. Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, pertambahan berat badan (PBB), FCR (Feed convertion ratio), berat hidup, dan mortalitas. Rataan berat badan umur 35 hari tertinggi pada P5 sebesar 1602,5 g, PBB tertinggi pada P5 sebesar 375 g, total konsumsi pakan tertinggi pada P3 sebesar 863 g, konsumsi air minum terendah pada P6 sebesar 241 mL, FCR terendah pada P6 sebesar 1,95 dan mortalitas terendah terdapat pada P2, P5 dan P6 dengan mortalitas sebesar 0%. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ‘kalincuang’ dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan performa produksi broiler yang dipelihara dalam kondisi heat stress dengan kadar pemberian 500 ppm.Kata kunci: Antioksidan, broiler, gambir, heat stress, ‘kalincuang’, performaOptimization of Broiler Production Performance Reared Under Heat Stress Conditions Using Natural Antioxidants 'Kalincuang' ABSTRACT. 'Kalincuang' is a liquid by-product from the process of making gambier (Uncaria gambir). This study aims to look at the role of 'kalincuang' as a natural antioxidant to optimize the production performance of broilers maintained in heat stress conditions. The design used is a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repeats. The treatment used consisting of P1: 0 ppm 'kalincuang' (negative control), P2: 250 ppm vitamin C (positive control), P3, P4, P5, and P6 is the administration of 'kalincuang' with levels of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The chicken used is a 21-day-old CP 707 male broiler. Broilers are kept in battery cages made of iron and zinc. To make heat stress conditions used cage temperature 36oC for 8 hours/day. Feed and drinking water are given ad-libitum and the administration of 'kalincuang' and vitamin C is done through drinking water. Broilers are kept for 2 weeks (21-35 days). The first week is the adaptation period and the second week is the collection time. The observed parameters consisted of feed consumption, drinking water consumption, weight gain, Feed conversion ratio (FCR), life weight, and mortality. The highest average body weight at 35 days of age was at P5 at 1602.5 g, the highest PBB was at P5 at 375 g, the highest total feed intake was at P3 at 863 g, the lowest water intake at P6 was 241 mL, the lowest FCR at P6 was 1, 95 and the lowest mortality was in P2, P5 and P6 with a mortality of 0%. These results it can be concluded that 'kalincuang' can be used to optimize the production performance of broilers maintained in heat stress conditions with a given level of 1000 ppm.

PERUBAHAN BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIS DAN KIMIA PASTA GAMBIR SELAMA PENYIMPANAN Anwar Kasim; Yoli Subâ€™han; Netty Sri Indeswari
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2008): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v1i2.21

ABSTRACTÂ StudyingÂ aboutÂ theÂ changeÂ ofÂ physicalÂ andÂ chemicalÂ propertiesÂ GambirÂ pasteÂ duringÂ 28Â daysÂ wasÂ conductedÂ inÂ orderÂ toÂ knowÂ theÂ changeÂ primarilyÂ theÂ chemicalÂ contentÂ andÂ physicalÂ propertiesÂ asÂ storageÂ consequences.Â ExperimentalÂ designÂ wasÂ usedÂ completelyÂ randomizedÂ designÂ forÂ 4,Â 8,Â 12,Â 16,Â 20,Â 24,Â andÂ 28Â daysÂ storageÂ periods.Â ReplicationÂ wasÂ twoÂ andÂ asÂ aÂ controlÂ wasÂ usedÂ pasteÂ nonÂ treatment.Â F-testÂ andÂ T-DunnetÂ testÂ wereÂ applicatedÂ forÂ statisticalÂ analysis.Â TheÂ resultÂ indicatedÂ thatÂ treatmentÂ canÂ notÂ changeÂ physicalÂ propertiesÂ butÂ changeÂ theÂ chemicalÂ propertiesÂ gambirÂ paste.Â TheÂ initialÂ waterÂ contentsÂ ofÂ gambirÂ pasteÂ wasÂ 72.26%Â andÂ afterÂ 28Â daysÂ storageÂ 71.68%.Â ColorÂ ofÂ gambirÂ pasteÂ wasÂ stillÂ yellowÂ duringÂ storage.Â TheÂ initialÂ nonÂ waterÂ solubleÂ substanceÂ wasÂ 6.96%Â andÂ afterÂ 28Â daysÂ storageÂ 4.69%.Â TheÂ initialÂ nonÂ alcoholÂ solubleÂ substanceÂ wasÂ 14.83%Â andÂ afterÂ 28Â daysÂ storageÂ 13.15%.Â TheÂ initialÂ chatechinÂ contentsÂ wasÂ 72.22%Â andÂ afterÂ 28Â daysÂ storageÂ 65.38%.Â TheÂ initialÂ tanninÂ contentsÂ 38.68%Â andÂ afterÂ 28Â daysÂ storageÂ 35.12%.Â TotalÂ ashÂ contentÂ ofÂ gambirÂ pasteÂ wasÂ 2.72%.Â Â Â KeywordsÂ :Â gambir,Â paste,Â storage,Â change,Â properties

Karakterisasi kulit kambing pada persiapan penyamakan dengan gambir dan sifat kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan Anwar Kasim; Deni Novia; Sri Mutiar; Janwaris Pinem
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 1 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe purposes of this research were to evaluate characteristic of goat skin beforepreparation for tanning, to observe the effect of concentration of gambier tanning agent and pHof gambier solution during tanning process. This research began with characterizing of skinbefore the tanning process. Gambier concentrations and pH of solutions were varied.Characterization of the goat skin was done on the area of goat skin, chemical composition, andweight change at each steps of tanning preparations. Physical and chemical analysis andobservation of the leather were done according to SNI-06-0463-1989-A. Goat skin in thisresearch was categorized as first quality according to the wide dimension and high water content.The results showed that the characteristics of dried goat skins changed during preparation andtanning process. The optimum concentration of gambier was 9% if the solution had a pH of 4 andthe optimum concentration was 3% if the solution had a pH of 8.Keywords: goat skin, tanning, gambier, concentration, pHABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kulit kambing padapersiapan penyamakan, melihat pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi bahan penyamak gambir danpH larutan penyamak gambir selama proses penyamakan. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulaidengan karakterisasi kulit sebelum proses penyamakan kemudian dilanjutkan penyamakanmenggunakan gambir. Konsentrasi gambir pada penyamakan ada 5 tingkat yaitu A1=3%,A2=6%, A3=9%, A4=12% dan A5=15% adapun pH larutan 2 tingkat yaitu pH 4 dan pH 8. Bahanbaku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kambing kering awet garam. Karakterisasidilakukan terhadap luas kulit kambing, komposisi kimia, dan perubahan berat kulit pada setiaplangkah persiapan penyamakan. Analisis kimia dan pengamatan sifat kulit dilakukan terhadapkulit tersamak dengan mengacu kepada SNI-06-0463-1989-A. Kulit kambing penelitian adalahtermasuk kualitas I berdasarkan dimensi luas dengan kadar air yang relatif tinggi. Adapenambahan dan penurunan berat kulit selama proses pembuatan pikel dan penyamakan kulit.Rendemen pengolahan adalah 32,91% sampai 43,53%. Konsentrasi optimum zat penyamakgambir adalah 9% jika larutannya mempunyai pH 4 dan konsentrasi optimum 3% jika larutannyamempunyai pH 8. Sifat kulit tersamak jika konsentrasi gambir 9% dan larutan mempunyai pH 4adalah kadar zat kulit mentah 50,14%, kadar tanin terikat 13,47%, derajat penyamakan 26,86%,kekuatan tarik 418,48 kg/cm2 dan kemuluran pada waktu putus 54,80%, sedangkan jikakonsentrasi gambir 3% dan larutan mempunyai pH 8 adalah kadar zat kulit mentah 50,91%, kadartanin terikat 13,17%, derajat penyamakan 27,51%, kekuatan tarik 427,94 kg/cm2 dan kemuluranpada waktu putus 45,87%.Kata kunci: kulit kambing, penyamakan, gambir, konsentrasi, pH

The Effect of Pressure and Temperature on The Particle Board Manufacture from Palm Oil Empty Bunches and Pine Bark Asfarizal Saad; Anwar Kasim; Gunawarman Gunawarman; Santosa Santosa
Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : LP2M - Institut Teknologi Padang

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The manufacture of particle boards without synthetic adhesives is influenced by the composition of the material, temperature, time, pressure, particle size and method of manufacture. The pressure of one important parameter and its variations often produce different properties. Pine skin is a waste that is not valuable and just wasted. Making particle boards from palm oil empty bunches and pine bark waste is an interesting and new thing. Pinus merkusii leather powder is used as an added ingredient, its composition is 70% tkks and 30% pine merkusii powder with 5-6% moisture content, dry based. The fiber lengths are 0.1-2.0 cm and pressures are 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg.cm-2, temperature 150, 160, 170, 180 and 190ºC. The standard for particle board reference and bending test is SNI 03-2105-2006 and ASTM D1037. The result show of working pressure and heating temperature affect the density, moisture content and MOR. Increasing pressure and temperature tend to increase the MOR value and increase in temperature above 190oC, the MOR value decreases.

Co-Authors Abral, Hairul Adjar Pratoto Adjar Pratoto, Adjar Ahmad Fuadi Aidil Putra, Aidil Akhis Soleh Ismail Alfi Asben Amelia Sari, Dice Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Annisa Putri Anwar, Aswaldi Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal Ardinal, Ardinal Ariyeti Ariyeti Ariyetti Ariyetti Ariyetti, Ariyetti Arziyah, Dewi Asfarizal Asfarizal Asfarizal Saad Asfarizal Saad Athanasia Amanda Septevani Athanasia Amanda Septevani, Athanasia Amanda Azmi, Ifta Cahyono, Nilam Chaniago , Irawati D. Novia Daimon Syukri Deddi Prima Putra Deivy Andhika Permata Delfiana, Winda Deni Novia Derosya, Vioni Dewi Arziyah Dewi Arziyah Dindin Syafruddin Dini Novita Sari E Efrina Edi Syafri Edi Syafri Emriadi - F Failisnur Fakhruzy Fakhruzy Fakhruzy, Fakhruzy Fauzan Azima Fika, Weni Firman Ridwan Fitriani Kasim Fitriani Kasim Fransiska Angelina G Rezekinta Fransiska Angelina Rezekinta G Gunawarman, G Gunawarman Gustri Yeni Gustri Yeni Harahap, Risda Munarti Rusdy Hasbullah Hasbullah Hasbullah Hasbullah Hazli Nurdin Helsa Marda S.R Heni Pujiastuti Herwin Gevin Ichiura, Hideaki Ilham Syukri Erdiman Ilyas, R.A Inda Three Anova Irawati Chaniago Isril Berd Janwaris Pinem Janwaris Pinem, Janwaris Jeany Ristia Jhoni Heni Helvandari Junaidi - - Kurnia Harlina Dewi Kurnia Harlina Dewi Laksono Trisnantoro Lenny Marlina, Lenny Lisa Yusmita Lisa Yusmita Lisa Yusmita, Lisa Mahardika, Melbi Malrianti, Yefsi Malse Anggia Maryam, Maryam Melbi Mahardika Melbi Mahardika Melbi Mahardika Mochamad Asrofi Mochamad Asrofi Muhammad Arwani Munzir Busniah Mutiar, Sri Nalwida Rozen Nazar, Armenia Neswati Neswati Netty Sri Indeswari Netty Sri Indeswari Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thu Nilam Cahyono Nofriady Handra, Nofriady Novelina Novizar Nazir Novizar Novizar Pandu Imam Pirma, Dio Sandhika Putri, Rizky Astricia Razi, Ramadhani Ar Rehulina Rehulina, Rehulina Reno Irwanto Rezekinta, Angelina Rezekinta, Fransiska Angelina Rilma Novita Rina Yenrina Rini B Rini Bahar RINI RINI Rini Rini Rini Rini Ririn Fatma Nanda Ristia, Jeany Robbani, Syifa Rozalia Rozalia Ruby Afrizon Ruri Wijayanti Sahadi Didi Ismanto Salmariza Salmariza Salmariza, Salmariza Samosir, Joni Frengki Santosa Santosa Santosa Santosa Santosa Santosa Santosa Santosa Sayuti, Kesuma Sir Anderson Sirait, Nofita Chintya Sri Mutiar Sri mutiar Sri Mutiar Sri Mutiar Sri Mutiar Sri Mutiar, Sri Subâ€™han, Yoli Sudirman Sudirman Surini Siswarjono Syafira, Salsabila Putri Syafri, Edi Syafruddin, Dindin Syahrani, Nia Syukri Arief Tuty Anggraini Wahyudi David Wahyudi David Weni Fika Wiesa, Fujie Syukrillah Wijaya, Mike Yaswan, Rendri Yeni, Gustri Yoli Subâ€™han Yoserizal Yoserizal Yulhendri Yulhendri Yumarni Yumarni Yusniwati Yusniwati

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