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All Journal Jurnal Hukum Acara Perdata ADHAPER Jurnal Hukum Acara Perdata Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan REUSAM ; Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh Jurnal Pengabdian Sumber Daya Manusia Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Madani: Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Cendekia: Journal of Law, Social and Humanities Academica : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Malikussaleh Mengabdi SASI Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy IJLSH
Teuku Yudi Afrizal
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Malikussaleh
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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KEDUDUKAN OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN TERHADAP BANK INDONESIA STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 25/PUU-XII/2014 Waningsih, Ririn Anggraini; Yulia, Yulia; Afrizal, Teuku Yudi
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): (Agustus)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jimfh.v7i3.17021

Abstract

Kedudukan Bank Indonesia mempunyai peran yang paling utama dan penting. Setiap negara mempunyai satu bank sentral dan hampir disetiap propinsi mempunyai cabang Bank Sentral. Fungsi utama Bank Sentral adalah mengatur masalah-masalah yang berhubungan dengan keuangan di suatu negara. untuk memisahkan fungsi pengawasan perbankan dari Bank Sentral, yaitu dengan dibuatnya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sejak diberlakukannya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XII/2014 serta pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XII/2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan kepustakaan atau studi dokumen, dan bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu data primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data penilitian ini meliputi data sekunder dan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya OJK dan Bank Indonesia memiliki kedudukan yang sama sebagai lembaga negara namun, tetapi memiliki derajat kedudukan yang berbeda sebagai lembaga negara. Namun dalam hal kewenangan, kedudukan OJK menyamai Bank Indonesia. Dari pertimbangan Hakim bahwa kasus sengketa ini timbul karena adanya rasa bahwa OJK mengambil alih kewenangan Bank Indonesia, sehingga BI merasa adanya tumpang tindih kekuasaan yang terjadi setelah dibentuknya OJK. Disarankan kepada OJK dan Bank Indonesia agar dapat melakukan kerjasama dan koordinasi yang baik agar sistem keuangan yang ada di Indonesia dapat berjalan dengan efisien. Dan dengan adanya koordinasi yang baik maka Bank Indonesia dapat fokus dalam menjalankan kewenangannya pada kebijakan moneter.
Penyuluhan Hukum Pembagian Harta Warisan di Desa Reulet Timu, Kecamatan Muara Batu, Kabupaten Aceh Utara Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Zulfan; Muhammad Hatta; Husni; Johari; Joelman Subaidi
Academica : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Academica : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Lembaga Pusat Studi Sosial dan Humaniora [LPS2H]

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14560244

Abstract

Kompleksitasnya permasalahan pembagian harta warisan menuntut aparatur desa untuk memahami hukum waris (fara`idh) secara mendalam supaya sengketa kewarisan dapat diselesaikan. Namun, tidak semua aparatur desa memahami ilmu fara`idh secara detail karena aparatur desa cendrung relatif muda dan belum berpengalaman dalam menyelesaiakan permasalahan kewarisan berdasarkan hukum Islam. Oleh karena itu, penyuluhan hukum ini dapat menjadi sarana edukasi kepada aparatur desa, ahli waris dan masyarakat untuk mengetahui dan memahami ilmu fara`idh sehingga harta warisan dapat dibagi secara adil sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Setelah kegiatan ini, pengetahuan peserta bertambah dan dapat memahami dengan baik pembagian harta warisan mengikuti mekanisme yang ada dalam hukum Islam
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS IN DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS IN INDONESIA Zulkifli; Sofyan Jafar; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Muhibuddin; Nasrianti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has accelerated the growth of digital commerce (e-commerce) in Indonesia. Along with the increasing use of electronic transaction systems, various legal problems have emerged that potentially harm consumers, including online fraud, product discrepancies, delays in delivery, misuse of personal data, and the inclusion of unfair standard clauses by business actors. These conditions indicate that consumers remain in a vulnerable position within digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital commerce transactions in Indonesia and to identify the obstacles affecting its implementation. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The study examines Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and its amendments, as well as Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. The results of the study show that consumer protection regulations in Indonesia have provided a normative legal framework for safeguarding consumer rights in digital transactions. However, their implementation has not yet been fully effective due to weak supervision of digital business actors, low public legal literacy, ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms, and technological developments that progress faster than existing legal regulations. In addition, the protection of consumers’ personal data remains vulnerable due to the increasing volume of electronic data processing in e-commerce activities. This study highlights the urgency of strengthening regulatory supervision, improving digital legal literacy among the public, and optimizing personal data protection mechanisms to ensure legal certainty, justice, and security for consumers in Indonesia’s digital commerce ecosystem.
REDEFINING CONSUMER PROTECTION: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF FAIRNESS AND JUSTICE IN MODERN TRADE TRANSACTIONS Zulkifli; Nasrianti; Muhibuddin; Rahmaniar; Teuku Yudi Afrizal
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

Consumer protection in trade transactions has become a critical issue in modern commerce, especially with the rise of digital transactions. Despite existing regulations, many consumers remain vulnerable to information asymmetry, exploitation, and injustice in trade. This article aims to critically evaluate the concept of justice in trade through the perspectives of human rights and public policy. The focus is on consumer protection in sale transactions, both in conventional trade and e-commerce, exploring how human rights principles and public policy can offer solutions to the injustices consumers face. This study employs a juridical-normative approach with a comparative analysis between Indonesian law and international human rights norms. Key legal frameworks such as the Indonesian Consumer Protection Law (No. 8/1999) and the Trade Law (No. 7/2014) are analyzed alongside the UN’s International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 experts, e-commerce businesses, and consumers involved in digital trade transactions. Secondary data was derived from legal documents, consumer protection reports, and literature on Indonesian commercial law. The findings reveal that while Indonesia’s legal framework provides a foundation for consumer protection, its implementation remains inadequate, leaving consumers exposed to unfair practices in online transactions. The article suggests that consumer protection should not merely be a contractual formality but also a moral and ethical responsibility, ensuring consumers' rights to safety, fairness, and transparent transactions. From a human rights perspective, economic justice and social fairness are integral to consumer rights. The state has an obligation to ensure access to clear information, provide mechanisms for redress, and prevent exploitative practices in trade. Public policy must strengthen oversight, regulation, and consumer education in digital trade platforms, ensuring that they are transparent, fair, and provide accessible dispute resolution mechanisms. In conclusion, consumer protection in trade should be viewed not only through contractual agreements but also as part of economic justice, safeguarding consumers' rights to clear information, fair treatment, and the ability to seek compensation for harm. The state must play an active role in fostering a trade environment that aligns with human rights and effective public policy, creating a just and equitable marketplace.
UNMASKING THE ILLUSIONS OF E-COMMERCE: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF CONSUMER EXPLOITATION, ETHICAL FAILURES, AND LEGAL DEFICIENCIES IN DIGITAL TRADE Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

E-commerce is often presented as a symbol of efficiency, accessibility, and consumer empowerment; however, behind this digital convenience lies a complex structure of consumer vulnerability. In Indonesia, the scale of digital trade is significant, with e-commerce transactions reaching IDR 453.75 trillion and 3.71 billion transactions in 2023, while the Ministry of Trade recorded 7,707 consumer reports, including 6,018 complaints, in the same year. These figures indicate that the growth of digital trade has not been fully accompanied by effective consumer protection mechanisms. This article critically examines the illusions of e-commerce by analyzing consumer exploitation, ethical failures, and legal deficiencies in digital sale transactions. Using a juridical-normative and conceptual approach, this study evaluates the issue through consumer protection law, Islamic commercial ethics, human rights norms, and public policy. The analysis argues that consumer exploitation in e-commerce emerges through information asymmetry, misleading advertising, hidden costs, weak refund mechanisms, unfair standard contracts, and limited platform accountability. From the perspective of Islamic law, such practices conflict with the principles of honesty, transparency, mutual consent, and the prohibition of gharar and tadlis. From a human rights perspective, inadequate consumer protection undermines the right to information, economic justice, and effective remedy. Although Indonesia has issued regulations on electronic commerce, including rules on licensing, advertising, supervision, and business actors in electronic trading, regulatory enforcement remains challenged by platform complexity, cross-border transactions, and unequal bargaining power between consumers and digital businesses. Therefore, this article argues that justice in digital trade requires stronger legal reform, ethical business accountability, consumer education, and public policy that places consumer dignity at the center of e-commerce governance.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHORTCOMINGS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION AGAINST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED DIGITAL PLAGIARISM IN INDONESIA Zulkifli; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Teuku Yudi Afrizal
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have brought about significant changes in the digital creative industry, particularly in the production and distribution of digital content. AI-based systems are now capable of generating text, images, music, videos, and various other digital works quickly and on a massive scale. However, these technological advancements have also raised new legal issues in the field of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), particularly regarding digital plagiarism through the unauthorized use of copyrighted works within AI systems. In practice, many AI systems utilize digital data and creative works without explicit consent from the original creators, potentially causing economic and moral harm to copyright holders. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of intellectual property rights protection against digital plagiarism in the era of artificial intelligence in Indonesia and to evaluate the effectiveness of copyright regulations in addressing developments in digital technology. The study employs a normative legal research method using a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case study approach. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources obtained through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. Research findings indicate that intellectual property protection in Indonesia has not yet fully addressed the issue of AI-based digital plagiarism. Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright does not specifically address the legal status of works generated by AI, the limits on the use of digital data by AI systems, or the liability of AI developers for copyright infringement. Furthermore, weak digital oversight, rapid technological advancements, and the digital public’s limited legal understanding also impact the effectiveness of copyright protection in Indonesia.The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the shortcomings of intellectual property protection in cases of AI-based digital plagiarism, as well as the urgent need for legal reform to create copyright regulations that are better adapted to advancements in modern digital technology.
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN AN UNJUST ECONOMIC SYSTEM: A CRITIQUE OF THE WEAKNESSES IN CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND PUBLIC POLICY Zulkifli; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

The rapid development of the digital economy in Indonesia, with a transaction value of IDR 487.01 trillion in 2024, has expanded access to goods and services, but it has also exacerbated significant injustices faced by consumers. As digital platforms become more dominant, consumers are increasingly vulnerable to issues such as misleading product information, data misuse, unfair business practices, and imbalanced bargaining power between businesses and consumers. This study aims to analyze consumer protection within an unjust economic system, from the perspectives of consumer protection law, human rights, and public policy. Using a normative juridical methodology with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study finds that Indonesia's Consumer Protection Law (Law No. 8 of 1999) remains largely focused on formal ownership protection, yet fails to effectively address the complexities of digital transactions and information asymmetries in the digital economy. From the perspective of human rights, consumer protection emphasizes fairness, the prohibition of deception, and the protection of public interest. Meanwhile, human rights principles affirm the consumer's right to safety, accurate information, and economic justice. The study argues that public policy needs to be reconstructed to strengthen the state's responsibility, improve business accountability, ensure transparency in product information, guarantee ethical products, and establish more effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Thus, consumer protection in the digital economy must go beyond legal certainty and focus on distributive justice and the fulfillment of human rights in the digital realm.
LEGAL RECONSTRUCTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION BASED ON DIGITAL JUSTICE TOWARDS PLATFORM ECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA Muhibuddin; Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

Indonesia’s digital economy exceeded USD 82 billion in transaction value in 2023 and is projected to become the largest digital market in Southeast Asia by 2030. Despite this rapid growth, the expansion of platform-based digital markets has generated significant economic inequality between digital platforms and intellectual property rights (IPR) holders, particularly local creators and small digital enterprises. This study analyzes the legal reconstruction of intellectual property protection based on the principle of digital justice in addressing platform economic inequality in Indonesia. Employing a normative juridical method, the research applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study finds that Indonesia’s existing IPR framework remains largely conventional and has not adequately responded to challenges arising from algorithmic control, data monopolization, unequal royalty distribution, and the dominance of digital platforms within the digital economy ecosystem. Furthermore, the lack of algorithmic transparency and limited legal accountability of digital platforms contribute to structural imbalances in the distribution of digital economic benefits. This study proposes a legal reconstruction model through strengthening platform accountability, reforming digital royalty mechanisms, enhancing protection of creators’ digital rights, and harmonizing IPR regulations with digital economy and data protection laws. The study concludes that intellectual property protection in the digital era should not solely emphasize legal certainty, but must also ensure distributive digital justice and equitable economic participation in Indonesia’s platform economy.
RECONSTRUCTING CONTRACT LAW: CHALLENGES AND WEAKNESSES IN PROTECTING CONSUMER RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL ERA Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Nasrianti; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin; Zulkifli
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital platforms in Indonesia has transformed the country's economy, creating significant opportunities for businesses and consumers alike. According to the e-Conomy SEA 2023 report, e-commerce transactions in Indonesia reached IDR 487.01 trillion in 2024, marking it as one of the largest digital markets in Southeast Asia (Google, Temasek, & Bain, 2023). However, despite the economic growth, the dominance of these platforms has introduced structural inequalities that disadvantage consumers, particularly in terms of data privacy, misleading advertisements, and lack of transparency in pricing and contract terms. Traditional contract law offers a critical perspective on these issues, grounded in principles of justice, honesty, and the prohibition of uncertainty. These principles are essential for addressing the challenges arising from digital transactions, where platform monopolies and the exploitation of consumer data have become widespread. However, current Indonesian contract law, including Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, has failed to adequately protect consumers in the digital space, as these regulations were designed for traditional markets and have not evolved to address the complexities of platform-based digital contracts. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the gaps in Indonesia’s current legal framework and examines how traditional principles can provide a foundation for improving consumer protection in the digital economy. By emphasizing distributive justice, platform accountability, and algorithmic transparency, the research proposes a legal reconstruction model for Indonesia that integrates human rights principles and global best practices. The findings suggest that legal reforms are urgently needed to ensure fairness, equitable access, and protection for digital consumers while fostering a more just and transparent digital marketplace.
RECONSTRUCTING CONTRACT LAW: ADDRESSING IMBALANCES AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN MODERN COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS Nasrianti; Zulkifli; Teuku Yudi Afrizal; Sofyan Jafar; Muhibuddin
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

The rapid growth of Indonesia's digital economy has significantly transformed consumer-business interactions, particularly with the rise of e-commerce platforms. As digital platforms like Tokopedia, Shopee, and Go-Jek dominate the market, there are growing concerns about consumer exploitation, pricing manipulation, and data privacy violations. Despite the existence of consumer protection laws, such as Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 7 of 2014 on Trade, these regulations fail to fully address the unique challenges posed by the digital economy. This study critically examines the gaps in Indonesia's current consumer protection laws and proposes reforms to create a more transparent and equitable digital marketplace. By integrating global best practices and focusing on ethical trade practices, this research highlights the importance of algorithmic transparency,fair pricing, and data protection in the digital economy. The study concludes that a legal reconstruction is necessary to ensure that consumer rights are protected and that businesses operate fairly in the digital age.
Co-Authors Adam, Bani Albert Alfikri Almas Salsabila Alni, Yola Prestichia Ana, Juli Annisa Yusuf Arif Rahman Asyshura, Cheltra Azwa Reza, Rizka Baziad, Raudhah Assyifa Cut Khairunnisa Dara Wulandari Dedy Syahputra, Dedy Dela Anggrainy Elpia Simahara Faisal Faisal Fatahillah Fauzah Nur Aksa Fitri Maghfirah Geubrina, Dara Guslaili, Rafika Guslihan, Riza Aldia H, Husni Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hamdi Hamdi Herinawati Herinawati Husni Husni Husni Jamiul Husna Husna Johari Johari Johari khaira, Safwatul Mas Juan Pratama Saragih Muhammad Hatta Muhammad Hatta Muhibuddin Nainggolan, Dinda Sabrina Nainggolan Sabrina nasrianti Nurarafah Nuribadah, Nuribadah Nurul Helmi Rahmaniar RAMA DEYAN Ramziati, Ramziati Ridha Khairani, Ridha Riska Sintania SKD Safitri, Safrina Saifullah Ali Saifullah, T Situmeang, Diki Sofyan Jafar Sofyan Jafar Subaidi, Joelman Sulaiman Sulaiman Sumiadi Sumiadi T Saifullah Taofan, Muhammad Raka Waningsih, Ririn Anggraini Yulia Yulia Zul Akli Zulfan Zulfan Zulfan Zulfan Zulkifli