Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
5.82
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut Journal of Agroecology AGRISAINS MEDIA LITBANG SULTENG Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Spermonde Journal of Indonesian Coral Reefs Aceh Journal of Animal Science Jurnal FishtecH Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Omni-Akuatika Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Aquasains : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Sumberdaya Perairan Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology) Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Aquacultura Indonesiana Jurnal Sains Teknologi Akuakultur Jurnal Penyuluhan Perikanan dan Kelautan Jurnal Abdi Insani KAUDERNI Jurnal Pari Journal La Lifesci JAGO TOLIS : Jurnal Agrokompleks Tolis COJ (Coastal and Ocean Journal) Jurnal Ilmiah AgriSains Barakuda 45 Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan Jurnal Cendekia Mengabdi Berinovasi dan Berkarya Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Tadulako Science and Technology Journal Mitra Sains Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Jurnal Perikanan Arwana: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Perairan
Samliok Ndobe
Program Studi Akuakultur, Fakultas Peternakan Dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM 9 Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other

Published : 59 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 59 Documents
Search

 2   3   4   5   6 
Pengaruh Perendaman Larva Ikan Pterapogon kauderni dengan Hormon 17α-Methyltestosteron Menggunakan Dosis yang Berbeda terhadap Rasio Kelamin Jantan Safir, Muhammad; Ndobe, Samliok; Madinawati, Madinawati; Mangitung, Septina Fifi; Serdiati, Novalina; Riyadi, Moh.
Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Vol 9 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Jilid IX Nomor 2 Desember 2021
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian Kutai Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36084/jpt..v9i2.330

Abstract

Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) adalah salah satu ikan hias endemik perairan Sulawesi Tengah. Dalam proses pemijahannya, induk jantan akan mengerami telur hingga memasuki fase juvenil. Kondisi tersebut (lamanya masa pengeraman) tentunya akan menghambat peningkatan populasi ikan P. kauderni dengan target jumlah dalam waktu tertentu terlebih jumlah induk jantan yang terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis hormon 17α-methyltestosteron (17α-MT) terbaik dalam menghasilkan rasio kelamin jantan ikan P. kauderni yang tinggi. Penelitian didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan mengujikan empat perlakuan dosis 17α-MT meliputi 0 mg/L; 2 mg/L; 4 mg/L dan 6 mg/L air yang diterapkan melalui metode perendaman selama 4 jam. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan 4 kali ulangan. Hasil perlakuan perendaman larva dengan hormon 17α-MT pada dosis berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian ikan P. kauderni (P>0,05). Pertambahan biomasa dan kelangsungan hidup lebih rendah pada perlakuan dosis 6 mg/L air. Rasio kelamin jantan ikan P. kauderni tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan dosis 2 mg/L air yakni sebesar 91,67%.
Struktur Ukuran Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) di Teluk Lalong, Luwuk Wahyudi, Deddy; Masyahoro, A.; Ndobe, Samliok; Mubin; Syukri
JAGO TOLIS : Jurnal Agrokompleks Tolis Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Oktober 2025 - Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Madako Tolitoli

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56630/jago.v6i1.1495

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur populasi dan distribusi spasial Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) di Teluk Lalong, Luwuk, Sulawesi Tengah. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kepadatan populasi, distribusi horizontal dan vertikal, komposisi ukuran (rekrut, juvenil, dewasa), serta keterkaitan dengan jenis mikrohabitat. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan transek sabuk (belt transect) pada beberapa stasiun pengamatan yang mewakili perbedaan kedalaman dan kondisi substrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi P. kauderni di Teluk Lalong didominasi oleh individu rekrut (543 ekor), diikuti oleh juvenil (509 ekor) dan dewasa (323 ekor). Kepadatan tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun dengan kompleksitas substrat tinggi yang didominasi bulu babi (Diadema spp.) dan karang mati, sedangkan kepadatan terendah ditemukan di area muara sungai dengan substrat pasir berlumpur. Pola distribusi ini mengindikasikan bahwa P. kauderni memiliki preferensi kuat terhadap habitat dengan struktur pelindung alami. Hasil ini sejalan dengan studi sebelumnya di Luwuk dan Gilimanuk yang menegaskan pentingnya mikrohabitat pelindung dalam mendukung kelimpahan dan kelangsungan hidup spesies endemik ini. Dengan demikian, ketersediaan mikrohabitat yang sesuai merupakan faktor ekologis utama yang menentukan keberadaan P. kauderni di habitat introduksi Teluk Lalong. Temuan ini memberikan dasar penting bagi strategi konservasi dan pengelolaan spesies yang saat ini tergolong terancam punah dalam Daftar Merah IUCN.
Total plate count and Salmonella spp. in de-boned milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Palu City, Indonesia Samliok Ndobe; Ellen Oktanike Merpati; Rusaini Rusaini; Novalina Serdiati; Rusdi Rusdi
Depik Vol 12, No 2 (2023): AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.12.2.30959

Abstract

High total plate count (TPC) and the presence of Salmonella spp. in food products can cause health problems for consumers. De-boned milkfish products are popular with consumers in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, but there is a lack of data on their safety. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate TPC levels and detect contamination by Salmonella spp. in these products. Samples of fresh and processed milkfish were collected from two de-boned milkfish processing sites: the Technical Implementation Unit for the Application of Fishery Product Quality Control (TIU-AQFP) and the Melona Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Group in Palu City. Microbiological assays included counting the number of bacterial colonies (TPC) as well as the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. through biochemical tests. The study applied a completely randomized factorial design with three replicates per site and per product (12 experimental units). De-boning had a significant (P0.05) effect on TPC (1.26103 to 2.20103 CFU/g for de-boned milkfish compared to 4.28103 to 2.94104 CFU/g for fresh unprocessed milkfish). However, the types of bacteria identified in fresh and de-boned milkfish, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, were present at non-pathogenic levels. No Salmonella spp. contamination was found in the test samples. These results indicate that de-boned milkfish products from the TIU-AQFP and Melona MSME Group in Palu City are safe and suitable for human consumption.Keywords:Bone-free milkfishBacterial contaminationPathogen assayFish processingFood safety
PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN KERANG AIR TAWAR BERSAMA KELOMPOK PKK DESA TALAGA, KABUPATEN DONGGALA Madinawati; Samliok Ndobe; Andi Pertiwi Damayanti; Sri Herlina; Rahmat Alapi; Moh Tegar
Jurnal Abdi Insani Vol 13 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Insani
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/abdiinsani.v13i2.3631

Abstract

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan potensi kerang air tawar dari Perairan Danau Dampelas. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mitra saat ini rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat sekitar terkait teknologi pengolahan kerang air tawar menjadi produk olahan siap konsumsi maupun menjadi produk yang bisa disimpan dalam jangka panjang. Tidak adanya nilai ekonomis dan keterampilan dalam pengolahan, sehingga menyebabkan masyarakat sekitar membiarkan kerang tersebut begitu saja dipinggiran danau hingga mati. Tujuan pelaksanaan PkM membantu masyarakat dalam hal manajemen produksi kerang air tawar sehingga produk yang dihasilkan dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat dan Menghasilkan calon-calon wirausaha (sebagai embrio dimulai dari kelompok ibu- ibu PPK Desa Talaga). Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pendekatan partisipatif dengan melibatkan masyarakat sebagai mitra. Kegiatan berupa sosialisasi, ceramah dan demonstrasi pembuatan produk. Hasil PkM telah memberikan wawasan dan pengetahuan kepada kelompok mitra tentang manajemen usaha, pengetahuan tentang nilai gizi dan manfaat kerang air tawar bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat menjadi acuan dalam memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok mitra dalam menghasilkan makanan berasal dari potensi lokal bernilai gizi tinggi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ketahanan pangan keluarga. Kemampuan kelompok mitra akan diaplikasikan pada masyarakat Desa Talaga secara umum bahkan kedepannya berpeluang untuk dijadikan sebagai usaha untuk meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga.
Growth and survival of banggai cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933 with different natural feeds Samliok Ndobe; Karimullah Karimullah; Deva Elvina Sari; Achmad Rizal; Novalina serdiati; Nasmia; Muh. Saleh Nurdin
Arwana: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Perairan Vol 5 No 2: November 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Akuakultur, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Almuslim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51179/jipsbp.v5i2.1825

Abstract

The Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933) is a conservation priority species in Indonesia. To date there has been no effort to rear Banggai cardinalfish on a commercial scale, so that fish are still mainly captured from the wild. Therefore, efforts are being made to develop ex-situ Banggai cardinalfish culture using different types of natural feed. This research aimed to determine the best type of natural feed to promote the growth and survival of juvenile Banggai cardinalfish. The research was conducted during December 2021-January 2022, at the Central Sulawesi Provincial Marine Affairs and Fisheries Service Hatchery, in Mamboro Village, Palu City. The study used 3 treatments with 6 replicates each: A (Artemia), B (Cullex), and C (Tubifex). The use of different natural feeds had a significant effect on net weight gain but did not have a significant effect on daily growth rate and net growth in length. Treatment B (Cullex) gave the highest net weight gain and daily growth rate of 0.08 ± 0.3 g and 0.25 ± 0.1 % respectively; treatment A (Artemia) gave the highest net growth in length of 0.5 ± 0.2; and survival rate was highest (100%) under treatment B (Cullex).
Total plate count and Salmonella spp. in de-boned milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Palu City, Indonesia Samliok Ndobe; Ellen Oktanike Merpati; Rusaini Rusaini; Novalina Serdiati; Rusdi Rusdi
Depik Vol 12, No 2 (2023): AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.12.2.30959

Abstract

High total plate count (TPC) and the presence of Salmonella spp. in food products can cause health problems for consumers. De-boned milkfish products are popular with consumers in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, but there is a lack of data on their safety. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate TPC levels and detect contamination by Salmonella spp. in these products. Samples of fresh and processed milkfish were collected from two de-boned milkfish processing sites: the Technical Implementation Unit for the Application of Fishery Product Quality Control (TIU-AQFP) and the Melona Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Group in Palu City. Microbiological assays included counting the number of bacterial colonies (TPC) as well as the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. through biochemical tests. The study applied a completely randomized factorial design with three replicates per site and per product (12 experimental units). De-boning had a significant (P0.05) effect on TPC (1.26103 to 2.20103 CFU/g for de-boned milkfish compared to 4.28103 to 2.94104 CFU/g for fresh unprocessed milkfish). However, the types of bacteria identified in fresh and de-boned milkfish, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, were present at non-pathogenic levels. No Salmonella spp. contamination was found in the test samples. These results indicate that de-boned milkfish products from the TIU-AQFP and Melona MSME Group in Palu City are safe and suitable for human consumption.Keywords:Bone-free milkfishBacterial contaminationPathogen assayFish processingFood safety
Microhabitat association and population status of the Luwuk introduced Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933) population Novalina Serdiati; Abdul Gani; Deddy Wahyudi; Abigail Mary Moore; Samliok Ndobe
Depik Vol 10, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.10.3.23501

Abstract

The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni is the Indonesian national marine ornamental fish mascot, and an object of national and international conservation concern. The endemic population of this species is limited to the Banggai Archipelago in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia and a few nearby islands in North Maluku. In addition, introduced populations have become established, mainly along ornamental fish trade routes. The National Action Plan for Banggai Cardinalfish Conservation (NAP-BCFC) calls for monitoring and management of all P. kauderni populations. A survey of the Luwuk introduced P. kauderni population was carried out in October 2021. Data were collected at three sites with established P. kauderni populations: the ferry harbour, public harbour (Teluk Lalong) and a recreational area on the nearby coast (Kilo 5). P. kauderni were recorded by microhabitat association and size class (recruits, juveniles, adults). Data collected were compared with data from previous surveys where available. With the exception of one group in a sea anemone at Kilo 5, all P. kauderni were associated with Diadema sea urchins (D. setosum at all sites; D. savignyi at Kilo 5). At Kilo 5 P. kauderni the population structure indicates the possible capture of market-sized juveniles. Overall abundance was also lower compared to the polluted but unfished harbours. The proportion of recruits was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of adult P. kauderni to Diadema urchins. The results will inform regional legislation currently in preparation to support sustainable management of P. kauderni populations, habitat and microhabitat in Central Sulawesi, as well as contributing to NAP-BCFC targets.Keywords:Banggai cardinalfishEndangered speciesDiademaMicrohabitat,MonitoringOrnamental fisheryLocal regulation
Edukasi Dampak Pencemaran Lingkungan Pesisir Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Melalui Pendekatan 3r (Reduce, Reuse Dan Recycle) Di Sekolah Dasar Integral Hidayatullah Tondo Musayyadah Tis'in; Andi Heryanti Rukka; Nur Hasanah; Kasim Mansyur; Roni Hermawan; Aswad Ekaputra; Muh. Saleh Nurdin; Septina F. Mangitung; Samliok Ndobe; Rifki Fahrezi; Qur Ana
Jurnal Cendekia Mengabdi Berinovasi dan Berkarya Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Oktober 2025 - Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Madako Tolitoli

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56630/jenaka.v4i1.1373

Abstract

Community service activities entitled “Education on the Impact of Coastal Environmental Pollution and Empowerment of Coastal Communities in Waste Management through the 3R Approach (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle)” at Hidayatullah Integral Elementary School in Tondo Village, Palu City, aims to create a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable coastal environment with high aesthetic value through the active involvement of the community in 3R-based waste management. This activity is beneficial in various aspects of community life, including environmental, social, economic, and educational aspects. The methods used to carry out this community service activity include education and socialization, training, and workshops. Additionally, this PKM activity series includes coastal clean-up actions as well as monitoring and evaluation aimed at assessing the program's effectiveness by observing changes in the awareness and behavior of the target audience in managing waste. The entire series of activities, including preparation, socialization, and counseling as well as beach clean-up actions, ran smoothly. Elementary school students, as the target audience, showed great enthusiasm for this activity.
Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat Pesisir Di Kelurahan Kabonga Besar Kabupaten Donggala Samliok Ndobe; Septina F. Mangitung; Irawati Mei Widiastuti; Nur Hasanah; Roni Hermawan; Andi Heryanti Rukka
Jurnal Cendekia Mengabdi Berinovasi dan Berkarya Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Oktober 2025 - Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Madako Tolitoli

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56630/jenaka.v4i1.1481

Abstract

Kawasan mangrove merupakan Kawasan pesisir yang rentan terhadap dampak keberadaan sampah. Hal ini disebabkan selain kawasan tempat bertemunya air dari sungai yang membawa sampah dari darat dan air laut yang mendistribusi sampah dari laut akibat gelombang. Disamping itu Kawasan ini sering dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat wisata. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan pesisir melalui pendekatan edukatif dan partisipatif di kawasan mangrove Kelurahan Kabonga Besar, Kabupaten Donggala. Kawasan ini memiliki potensi besar sebagai destinasi wisata berbasis lingkungan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2024 dengan metode observasi, deskriptif, dan partisipatif melalui pendekatan penyuluhan yang bersifat persuasif edukatif. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, munculnya inisiatif pembentukan kelompok pengelola sampah tingkat desa, serta komitmen pemerintah setempat dalam mendukung keberlanjutan program. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi langkah awal dalam mewujudkan pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan dan berbasis masyarakat di kawasan wisata mangrove.
Co-Authors . Muslihudin . Soemarno A. Masyahoro A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abd Waris Abdillah Abdillah Abdul Gani Abdul Gani Abdul Gani Abdul Masyahoro Abdul Waris Abdul Waris Abigail Mary Moore Abigail Mary Moore Abigail Mary Moore Abigail Mary Moore Abigail Moore Abigail Moore Achmad Rizal Achmad Rizal Adriansyah Adriansyah Adriany, Devita Tetra Afiat Gamgulu Alapi, Rahmat Ali Husni ali, wildayanti Alimudin Laapo Andi Heryanti Rukka Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin Andi Pertiwi Damayanti Aprianto, Yudistira Asriaty Mantung Aswad Eka Putera Aswad Ekaputra Bakri, Achmad Afif Betutu Senggagau, Betutu Bungalim, Monicha Indrasari Daduk Setyohadi Danty, Astri Rahma Deddy Wahyudi Deddy Wahyudi Deddy Wahyudi Deddy Wahyudi Desiana T Tobigo Desiana Trisnawati Tobigo Deva Elvina Sari Dewanto, Didit Kustantio Dg. Masese, Risa Apriana A. Didit Kustantio Dewanto Eka Rosyida EKO CAHYONO Ellen Oktanike Merpati Endang Y. Herawati Endang Yuli Herawati Erwin Wuniarto, Erwin Fadly Y Tantu Finarti Finarti Gatot Siswo Hutomo Halik, Moh. Nur Hartina Hartina Hartina Hartina, Hartina Hein, Moh. Fahrit W Heriyanti Rukka Herjayanto, Muh. Herjayanto, Muhammad Irawati Mei Widiastuti Jamaluddin Jompa James Yosep Walalangi Karimullah Karimullah Kasim Mansyur, Kasim Khartiono, Lady Diana Kris Handoko KRISTIANTO NUGROHO, KRISTIANTO Kusmadi Lahati, Sonny Madinawati Madinawati Maemunah Maemunah Mangitung, Fifi Mangitung, Septina Fifi Moh Tegar Moh. Fahrit W Hein Moh. Yasir Mohammad Zamrud Mohammad Zamrud Monoarfa, Viny Desiyanti Moore, Abigail Mary Muamar Muamar Mubin Muh. Saleh Nurdin Muhammad Fadli Muhammad Herjayanto Muhammad Safir Muhammad Zamrud, Muhammad Musayyadah Tis'in Musayyadah Tis’in Musdalifa Musdalifa Nanang Rahmayanti Nasmia Nasution, Ali Napiah Novalina Serdiati Novian Suhendra Nur Hasanah Nur Hasanah Nurhikmah Nurhikmah Nurjirana, Nurjirana Pawaro, Moh. Fadlan Daeng Puput Melaty Putra, Masteria Yunovilsa Putut Har Riyadi Qur Ana Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Rahmat Alapi Rahmat Padyawan, Andhy Rahmat, Abi Rasul Rasul, Rasul Rifki Fahrezi Riyadi, Moh. Roni Hermawan Roni Hermawan Roni Hermawan Roni Hermawan, Roni Rostiati Dg Rahmatu Rusaini Rusaini Rusdi Rusdi Rusdin Rusdin Sababuli, Jeklin M Sababuli, Jeklin M. Sabrina Sabrina Salanggon, Alismi M Salman, Abrar Mujahidin Sari, Devi Elvina Septina F. Mangitung Septina F. Mangitung Soemarno _, Soemarno Sonny Lahati Sri Herlina Suriani Suriani Suriani Suriani Suryatama, Yahya Rizkiandra Syukri Syukri Syukri TRI JOKO SANTOSO Triyani Dewi Walalangi, James Yosep wandi Wendy Alexander Tanod wisto, Wisto Yahya Rizkiandra Suryatama Yuliana Yuliana Yuliana Yuliana Yulina Irawati Zakirah Raihani Ya’la Zamrud, Mohammad Zidan, Muh.