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Modifikasi Fe3O4 dari Pasir Besi Pantai dengan Asam Oleat dan PEG melalui Metode co-Precipitation untuk Menangani Limbah Mikroplastik PET di Air Laut Zuhriah Mumtazah; Syeikh Maulana Bima Suci; Rizki Maulana Hakiki; Maktum Muharja; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri; Ifan Ramadana
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 23, No 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.23.2.418-426

Abstract

Mikroplastik diartikan sebagai plastik yang berukuran kurang dari 5 mm. Mikroplastik telah terdeteksi secara luas di lingkungan perairan dan menjadi kontaminan yang sangat mengkhawatirkan. Oleh karena itu sangat diperlukan cara untuk menghilangkan mikroplastik dari air secara efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan surfaktan asam oleat (OA) dan polietilen glikol (PEG) pada nanopartikel magnetit untuk pemisahan mikroplastik polyethylene terephthalate (PET) di media air. Penambahan surfaktan memungkinkan nanopartikel dapat terdispersi dengan baik dan lebih stabil. Nanopartikel magnetit disintesis dari pasir besi pantai Watu Ulo Jember dengan metode co-precipitation. Nanopartikel magnetit dikarakterisasi menggunakan PSA untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran partikel dan FTIR untuk menentukan gugus fungsi pada n-Fe3O4 yang telah dimodifikasi dengan OA dan PEG. Ukuran partikel yang didapatkan berkisar antara 458,7–955,4 nm dengan intensitas tertinggi 712,4 nm. Efisiensi adsorpsi mikroplastik yang diperoleh menggunakan n-Fe3O4 adalah 77,8%, n-Fe3O4/PEG 91,7%, dan n- Fe3O4/OA 95,2%.
Socialization of Vegetable Waste Processing into Eco-Friendly Fish Pellets at SMK Muhammadiyah 7 Gondanglegi Rahmawati, Istiqomah; Ansori; Arie Setiawan, Felix; Palupi, Bekti; Fachri, Boy; Rizkiana, Meta; Mumtazah, Zuhriah; Kharisma Yolanda Putri, Ditta; Dwi Lestari, Fitria; Naufal Nizaar Aziz, Mohamad; Pramasta, Ady
Jurnal Inovasi Sains dan Teknologi Untuk Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/instem.v4i1.60007

Abstract

Vegetable waste is often discarded without further processing, which can lead to environmental pollution. In fact, this waste still contains 12.64%–23.5% crude protein and 20.76%–29.18% crude fiber, which can be repurposed into an environmentally friendly, value-added product: fish pellets. The lack of understanding regarding this waste poses a challenge, necessitating alternative solutions. This outreach method serves as an educational solution to enhance understanding of the potential of vegetable waste as a raw material for fish pellets. The outreach activity was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah 7 Gondanglegi and was attended by students from various departments. The implementation stages included preparation, outreach, and evaluation. During this activity, participants were provided with materials on the benefits of vegetable waste and the steps for processing it into fish pellets. A question-and-answer session followed this to allow participants to explore the material in greater depth. The results of this activity have tangibly improved participants' understanding of processing vegetable waste into fish pellets. Participants played an active role and participated enthusiastically in this activity, creating a positive impact on both the participants and the school. Consequently, this activity can be further developed with the school's support to ensure the program's sustainability.  
Optimization of biodiesel synthesis process from nyamplung (calophyllum inophyllum) oil using thermal air sparging method Nasrul Ilminnafik; Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo; Welayaturromadhona; Audiananti Meganandi Kartini; Bekti Palupi; Suyitno
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15335

Abstract

This study investigated the optimization of biodiesel production from nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil using a Thermal Air Sparging (TAS) reactor with NaOH catalyst. Crude oil containing 18.2% free fatty acids (FFA) underwent a two-stage acid esterification to reduce the acidity below the 2% threshold required for efficient alkaline transesterification. To assess the combined effects of thermal and hydrodynamic variables, a 3² full factorial experimental design with three replications was used, encompassing a reaction temperature of 30–40 °C and a hot air flow rate of 1.0–2.0 L min⁻¹. The produced biodiesel was characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and heating value according to ASTM D4052, D445, D93, and D240, respectively. These values ​​were then evaluated against SNI 7182:2015 specifications. Optimal operating conditions were achieved at 35°C and a flow rate of 1.5 L min⁻¹. Reaction temperature emerged as the primary factor influencing biodiesel conversion, while hot air flow rate predominantly affected interfacial contact and residence time. Under these conditions, the biodiesel exhibited a density of 0.867 g·cm⁻³, a kinematic viscosity of 4.67 cSt, a flash point of 183.2°C, a calorific value of 10,283.20 cal·g⁻¹, and a conversion yield of 85.43%. This performance is attributed to the combined effects of heat transfer and dispersion driven by microbubbles, which continuously renew the interfacial surface area between the reactants and promote a more homogeneous reaction environment at atmospheric pressure and relatively low temperature. In contrast to mechanical stirring systems and other high-energy intensification methods, the TAS configuration allows for intensification of the thermofluidic process, reducing reaction time, stabilizing fuel properties, and lowering overall energy consumption. These results demonstrate the potential of TAS as a practical and scalable method for converting non-edible oils with high free fatty acid content into biodiesel through a low-energy process.
Optimasi Ekstraksi Flavonoid dari Ulva lactuca dengan Kombinasi Cell Disruption dan Ultrasound-Assisted Hot Water Helda Wika Amini; Muhammad Rizky Kurniawan; Nida Ayu Salsabila; Boy Arief Fachri; Zuhriah Mumtazah; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Bekti Palupi; Yukti Nurani; Rekfa Wika Amini
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.98141.284-295

Abstract

Ulva lactuca merupakan biota laut yang berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan aktif kosmetik karena kandungan bioaktifnya seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengekstraksi flavonoid serta menganalisis nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) U. lactuca menggunakan kombinasi metode cell disruption dan ultrasound-assisted hot water (UAHW). Tiga metode perlakuan cell disruption (tanpa perlakuan, osmotic shock, dan hidrotermal dengan autoklaf) dikombinasikan dengan variabel UAHW yaitu suhu ultrasonik (40, 60, 80 °C) dan waktu ultrasonik (5, 10, 15 menit). Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% pada serbuk U. lactuca berukuran 60 mesh. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa total flavonoid dan nilai SPF tertinggi (33,23 mg QE/g dan SPF 20,80) diperoleh tanpa perlakuan cell disruption, pada suhu 80 °C dan waktu ekstraksi 10 menit. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa metode UAHW efektif meningkatkan ekstraksi flavonoid dan SPF meskipun tanpa cell disruption. Selain itu, pendekatan RSM terbukti efisien dalam optimasi proses. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan bahan aktif alami U. lactuca untuk aplikasi kosmetik, khususnya sebagai agen pelindung sinar UV.Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Ulva lactuca Using a Combination of Cell Disruption and Ultrasound-Assisted Hot Water. Ulva lactuca is a marine organism with significant potential as a source of active ingredients for cosmetic applications, owing to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins. This study aimed to extract flavonoids and evaluate the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of U. lactuca using a combination of cell disruption methods and ultrasound-assisted hot water (UAHW) extraction. Three cell disruption treatments (no treatment, osmotic shock, and hydrothermal using an autoclave) were combined with UAHW variables, including ultrasonic temperature (40, 60, 80 °C) and ultrasonic time (5, 10, 15 minutes). The extraction was conducted using 96% ethanol as a solvent on U. lactuca powder sieved to 60 mesh. Optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The highest total flavonoid content (33.23 mg QE/g extract) and SPF value (20.80) were obtained without cell disruption, at 80°C for 10 minutes. The study confirms that UAHW effectively enhances flavonoid extraction and SPF, even without cell disruption. Furthermore, the RSM approach proved efficient for process optimization. This study contributes to developing natural active ingredients from U. lactuca for cosmetic applications, particularly as UV-protective agents.
Natural Sources Screening for Antimicrobial Agent of Herbs, Spices, and Extracts: A Semi-Qualitative Study Felix Arie Setiawan; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati
JOBC Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Indonesia has been recognized for its rich natural ingredients such as spices,herbs, and extracts for decades. Furthermore, these components also have been used as an herbal medicine for a long time. Meanwhile, the apparent capability comparison of several components of antimicrobial activity has not been updated yet. This study was conducting the comparison of antimicrobial activity for several materials such as noni (Morinda citrifolia), garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), galangal (Alpinia galangal), ginger (Zingiber officinale), yellow turmeric (Curcuma longa), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), papaya (Carica papaya) leaf, betel (Piper betel) leaf, and cutcherry (Kaempferia galangal) using agar dilution method. Two types of bacteria are used for the test, namely gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, with a total of seven bacteria. The media used were TSA (Trypticase Soy Agar) media for gram-negative bacteria and MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) media for gram-positive bacteria. This study had been conducted by using a fast screening method, which is referred to as a semi-qualitative method. Several components, such as noni, lime, and betel leaf, showed a significant result of antimicrobial activity. Otherwise, other compounds, surprisingly, could not suppress bacterial growth.
Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Sargassum sp. Using Water and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method as A Derivation of Green Chemistry Principles Samantha Githa Ratna Sonia; Boy Arief Fachri; Bekti Palupi
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The content of bioactive compounds in Sargassum sp. has already been used in various fields. The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and water solvent have met the principles of green chemistry, so it is used in this study to extract antioxidant compounds contained in Sargassum sp. The principle of green chemistry primarily aims to reduce or eliminate the impact of environmental damage. This research was conducted with several process variables, including the ratio of the sample mass to the volume of solvent (0.05 – 0.15 g/mL), time (30 – 40 minutes), and power (170 – 180 W) using the UAE method and water solvent (Aquadest) on the total phenol value of Sargassum sp. Analysis of variance was carried out with the help of Design Expert software, Response Surface Method - Central Composite Design, to determine the effect of the process variables carried out in the extraction process on the total phenol yield. The analysis of variance in this study shows the suitability between the research design and the study results, which is indicated by an R2 value of 0.9785. The highest results were obtained with a variable ratio of sample mass to solvent volume of 0.18 (g/mL), time of 40 minutes, and power of 180 W, with a total phenol yield of 212.8 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 12.3%.
Effect of Time, pH, and Yeast Concentration on Bioethanol Levels in the Ulva sp. Fermentation Process Aina Christalia Rinastiti; Dianita Ivana Permata; Bekti Palupi; Zuhriah Mumtazah; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Atiqa Rahmawati
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Bioethanol is a form of renewable energy used to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which have various adverse environmental impacts. Ulva sp. contains high amounts of carbohydrates, which can potentially be a raw material for bioethanol production. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions of the fermentation process, considering the variables of time, pH, and yeast concentration. This study used the hydrolysis results of Ulva sp. with optimum operating conditions of 0.1 N HCl concentration, 80 mesh particle size, and 450-watt microwave power. Measurement of bioethanol levels was performed using an alcohol meter. The results showed that the optimal conditions for fermentation were 7 days, pH 5.5, and a yeast concentration of 1.5%, resulting in a bioethanol content of 7.55%.
Microwave-Assisted Hydrolysis of Ulva sp. Using HCl to Produce Bioethanol Raw Materials Bekti Palupi; Nadia Ayumna Fa’iqoh; Alifia Rahma Putri Neysella; Boy Arief Fachri; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri; Lukman Nulhakim; Maulida Septiyana
JOBC Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The challenges faced by the Indonesian state are increasing greenhouse gases, climate change, and depleting fossil fuel reserves. This requires the exploration of alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Algae biomass, especially Ulva sp., is one of the resources that has the potential for bioethanol production as an alternative energy source. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of Ulva sp. as a raw material for bioethanol and to determine the effect of particle size, solvent concentration, and power on the hydrolysis process. This study used Ulva sp. as a raw material. hydrolyzed with HCl solvent using the microwave-assisted hydrolysis method. Hydrolysis with HCl concentrations of 0.1 N, 1 N, 2 N, variations of microwave power 150 watts, 300 watts, 450 watts, and particle sizes of 60 mesh, 80 mesh, and 100 mesh. Measurement of reducing sugar levels was carried out using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The results showed that the best conditions for hydrolysis were when the HCl concentration was 0.1 N, the microwave power was 450 watts, and the particle size was 80 mesh, which resulted in a reducing sugar content of 20.751 mg/mL.
Optimization of Total Phenolic Content Analysis of Chayote (Sechium edule) using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Response Surface Methodology Syahfa Adinda Relyando; Ayu Wulandari; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati
JOBC Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Chayote (Sechium edule) is a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family that contains several vitamins, such as A, B, and C, and is often used for medicinal purposes. Based on phytochemical analysis, chayote extract contains bioactive compounds like phenolics. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites used as cosmetic and medicinal ingredients due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress. This research uses UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine the chayote extract's total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Chayote extract was obtained using the Ultrasonic Assisted-Extraction (UAE) method with 96% ethanol solvent. The extraction variables used were time (15, 20, and 25 minutes), amplitude (45, 65, and 85%), and solvent ratio (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15). The determination of total phenolic content was based on the Folin-Ciocalteau method. At the same time, antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH. Determining chayote extraction parameters for total phenolic content using the Response Surface Methodology with a Box-Behnken type. The optimal conditions for chayote extraction were 1.327 mg GAE/g sample for total phenolic content and 29.45% for antioxidant activity under 20 minutes of extraction time, 65% amplitude, and a 1:10 solvent ratio.
Extraction of Flavonoid Compounds from Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Method Riavinola Viyoni Pramudiska; Audi Nur Amartya; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri; Zuhriah Mumtazah; Bekti Palupi
JOBC Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Piper crolatum or red betel is one of the medicinal plants known for its beneficial antioxidant content in maintaining overall health. One of the types of antioxidants found in red betel leaf is flavonoids. In this study, red betel leaf was extracted using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method to analyze the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in the red betel leaf. A 90% ethanol solvent was used, and the extraction variables included the ratio of material to solvent, particle size, and extraction time, which were determined using Design Expert 13 software. The flavonoid test was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 431 nm. The analysis of antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The highest flavonoid content obtained was 263.676 mgQE/g under the optimum operating conditions with a particle size of 100 mesh, a material-to-solvent ratio of 0.06, and an extraction time of 25 minutes.
Co-Authors Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah Achmad Rodi Soleh Adelina, Saltsabita Nourin Adrian, Febri Adriansyah, Muhamad Afred, Merymistika Yufrani Afwal, Diza Raudhatul Agus Rahman Agus Wedi Pratama Ahmad Reza Maulufi Aina Christalia Rinastiti Akbar, Muhammad Faqihuddin Akhsan, Maulana Yudha Al Fajri, Maktum Muharja Alfun Ni’matil Husna Alifia Rahma Putri Neysella Amalia Ramadhan Amartya, Audi Nur Andikasari, Emi Anggraini, Ranita Anggi Annisa, Yasmin Ansori ansori ansori Ansori Ansori Ardianti , Nanda Melani Ari Susanti Ari Susanti Ari Susanti Ariel Seanhan Haezer Asshofy , Muhammad Agil Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Audi Nur Amartya AYU WULANDARI Aziz, Mohamad Naufal Nizaar Azizi, Daffa Hafiziaulhaq Badril Azhar Badril Azhar Bestari, Cherobina Bida Ayu Bimo Bayu Aji Boy Arief Fachri Boy Fachri Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo Darojat, Zakiah Devara, Arighy Zahirah Faiqy Devi Prayuga Diah Tri Wulandari Diana Madhuri Dianavita Fatimah Dianita Ivana Permata Dihayat, Icha Shofia Dini Rahmawaty Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri DWI LESTARI, FITRIA Elisah, Nor Endar Hidayat Fachri, Boy Fakhri Arkaan Humaidi Fandora, Ardan Jauza Farwah, Zilma Aliyah Fatimah, Dianavita Felix Arie Setiawan Firdausi, Adnan Maulana Firmansyah, Alex Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Firmansyah, Muhammad Sahrul Firsta Retnaningtyas Udroto Gregah Pangayoman Hartanto P Gregah Pangayoman Hartono Putro Habibatul Inayah Harti Arini Hanafi, Yogie Alfian Helda Wika Amini Helda Wika Amini Helda Wika Amini Heni Pujiastuti Herdianto, Dimas Nur Hidayat, Debby Aurellia Hilda Huril Ainia Hosshofil Azhar Azizi Humaidi, Fakhri Arkaan Icha Shofia Dihasti Ifan Ramadana Indrayani, Lilin Intan Permatasari Isni Salma Salsabillah Istiqomah Rahmawati Istiqomah Rahmawati Istiqomah Rahmawati Istiqomah Rahmawati Istiqomah Rahmawati Kartini, Audiananti Meganandi Kenji Sakai Kenji Sanomoto Khoirunnissa , Aulia Kurniawan, Muhammad Rizky Lailatul Krisna Abdullah Lalu Dimas Putra Hermanto Lestari, Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lilis Nurhasanah Lukman Nulhakim Lumbantoruan, Sri Lestari Maharani, Regita Gustiayu Pramisti Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Maktum Muharja Maktum Muharja Maulida Septiyana Megasari, Tri Elok Setya Meta Fitri Rizkiana Meta Fitri Rizkiana Meta Fitri Rizkiana Mizanurafi’ Ghifarhadi Prasiefa Mochamad Ghaza Al Ghifari Mohammad Nor Muhammad Ilham Muhammad Reza Muhammad Reza Muhammad Rizky Kurniawan Muharja, Maktum Nabilla Widya Rahman Nadia Ayumna Fa’iqoh Naily Fatimatuz Zaroh Nanda Ayudiyah Andriani Nanda Ayudiyah Andriani Nasrul Ilminnafik Naufal Nizaar Aziz, Mohamad Nida Ayu Salsabila Nikita Meidi Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nugraha, Briantara Agung Nugroho, Yeremia Prasetya Nur Karima Nur Karima Nurjannah, Lailia Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah, Nurtsulutsiyah Nurul Hidayati Pradipta, Shima Nuril Pramasta, Ady Pramudiska, Riavinola Viyoni Pratiwi, Widya Septaningtyas Pravitasiwi, Nanda Tricya Julia Prayuga, Devi Purimahua, Amanda Augre Maharani Putri, Salsabila Ananda Rachman, Darryl Akeyla Rafif, M. Attar Raharjo, Nadhya Cahya Dwy Rahman, Agus Ramadana, Ifan Ratnasonia, Samantha Githa Ratri Sekaringgalih Regita Gustiayu Pramisti Maharani Rekfa Wika Amini Relyando, Syahfa Adinda Reswara Musyafa Riavinola Viyoni Pramudiska Richa Febyola Surya Putri Rizalluddin, Muhammad Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rizki Maulana Hakiki Rizkiana, Meta Rossi Agnessi Pebriana Sakai, Kenji Salma, Isni Salma Salsabillah Salsabila , Nida Ayu Samantha Githa Ratna Sonia Sanomoto, Kenji Saputri, Ocha Sa’roni, Achmad Sella Violina Anggraeni Septianti, Kiki Setiawan, Arinda Sabrina Shabrina, Nadhilah Shofiah , Laila Nur Sholeha, Irdatus Sonya Hakim Raharjo Subekhi, Jovenlee Gibran Susanti, Eka Puji Susilowati Susilowati Suyitno Syahfa Adinda Relyando Syaifullah, Rangga Yudha Syeikh Maulana Bima Suci Tarigan, Eigiya Nina Tashiro, Yukihiro Tri Elok Setya Megasari Udroto, Firsta Retnaningtyas Ulfiani, Khoirun Nisya' Uzinuzulla, Yunita Virda Wardani, Salza Belila Kusuma Wardhani, Maharani Tri Welayaturromadhona Wibowo, Jihan Nafila Widarti, Rr Diva Naila Putri Wiwik Pratiwi Yahya, Ahmad Daily Yeremia Prasetya Nugroho Yohanes Yohanes Yohanes Yolanda, Ditta Kharisma Yukihiro Tashiro Yukti Nurani Zuhriah Mumtazah