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All Journal KAPAL Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan JURNAL RISET TEKNOLOGI KELAUTAN Civil Engineering Journal Journal TEPAT: Teknologi Terapan untuk Pengabdian Masyarakat Astonjadro Warta Penelitian Perhubungan Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring Fakultas Teknik Unhas Zona Laut : Jurnal Inovasi Sains dan Teknologi Kelautan Movere Journal Maritime Park: Journal Of Maritime Technology and Socienty Riset Sains dan Teknologi Kelautan Jurnal Riset & Teknologi Terapan Kemaritiman Warta Penelitian Perhubungan
Chairul Paotonan
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Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Public Health Transportation

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Probabilistic Evaluation of Seawall Performance Against Wave Run-Up and Overtopping Under Variable Water Levels at Serui Fuel Terminal Mas'ud M, Ahmad Azwar; Paotonan, Chairul; Sitorus, Chris Jeremy Verian; Al Hakim, Muhammad Abdul Ghofur
Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society Volume 5, Issue 1, 2026
Publisher : Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62012/mp.vi.48184

Abstract

Seawalls are one of the coastal protection structures commonly used to reduce the risk of wave overtopping, especially in critical coastal infrastructure. At the Fuel Terminal in Serui, overtopping events have been recorded causing damage to several facilities, even under moderate wave conditions. This study evaluates the performance of the existing seawall under the combined influence of probabilistic waves (H2%, H10%, H33%) and sea level variations (MSL and HWL). A 20-year wave dataset (2002–2021) obtained from ECMWF was statistically analyzed, followed by theoretical wave transformation toward the shoreline. Wave run-up was calculated based on the Iribarren-type formulation and empirical equations, in which the 2% exceedance run-up (R2%) was estimated using the probabilistic extreme wave height (H2%) following established empirical correlations for smooth seawalls. Overtopping discharge was estimated using an exponential formula and compared with established overtopping impact classifications. Results indicate that under High Water Level (HWL) conditions, all run-up values exceeded the seawall crest elevation (+1.93 m relative to MSL), with R2% reaching 3.3 m and a maximum overtopping discharge of 92 l/s/m, corresponding to a high functional damage risk. Wave overtopping does not compromise the structural integrity of the seawall but can cause significant functional damage to facilities and operation behind the wall. Even under MSL conditions, overtopping still occurred for extreme wave conditions (H2%), These results are consistent with field observations in 2020, confirming that the existing seawall geometry and smooth surface contribute to limited wave energy dissipation. Unlike conventional deterministic assessments, this study introduces a probabilistic and field-validated evaluation framework that integrates run-up and overtopping analysis under varying water levels, providing a more realistic basis for assessing seawall performance for future adaptive redesign strategies.
Co-Authors ., Ashury A. Narayana Jufri, Muhammad Fauzan Achmad Yasir Baeda Agusdiansyah, Dwi Al Hakim, Muhammad Abdul Ghofur Alie, Muh. Zubair Andriadi, Andi M. Rezky Arafah, Muhamad Arafat, Andi Muhammad Alfian Arsil Ashury, Ashury Assidiq, Fuad Mahfud Awal, Muhammad Andika Samudera Ayyub Ansyari B, Muhammad Azis, Arham Azisah, Nur Azwar, Ahmad Baeda A.Y . Baeda, Achmad Yasir Baeda Yasir Bulawan, Chofifah Datu Caronge, Muhammad Akbar Daeng Paroka Daeng Paroka Daeng Parokka Damayant, Riska Daniel Bara Padang Allo Dewi, Misfadillah Tribuana dj, ashury Djamaluddin, Ashury Dundu, Denis Restuardi F.M. Assidiq Fachry Abda El Rahman Fajar Arif Nurdin Farouk Maricar Fathurrahman, Ahmad Firman Husain Fitriyanti Fitriyanti Hasan, Wahyuni Hasdinar Umar Hatta, M P Herawati Herawati Hidayat Kasim, Alif Ikram, Andi Muhammad Indah Pratiwi Irfaniyanti, Irfaniyanti Irma Handayani, Irma Jumadi Jumadi Juswan . Juswan Sade K, Riswal Kasba, Putri Sriwahyuni Kurniawan, Abdi M Nur, Fahrul Maghfira, Aqila Maming, Muhammad Idhil Mas'ud M, Ahmad Azwar Masri, Andi Muhammad Maulid Muhammad Asdar Muhammad Zubair M Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis Alie Muhiddin, Amir H. Mulyawan, Deni Munadiah, Nurul Mustika, Andi Mega Nadjmi, Nurul Nasir, Andi Mega Mustika Nisa, Mu’minatung Novriany Amaliyah Nur, Fahrul Muhammad Pairunan, Teguh Paroka D . Pata’dungan, Geby Prasetyo, Adil Farhan Pratama, Andhika Hayyu Prihatini, Wa Ode Zulia Puspa Wangi, Intan Rachmi, Nur Rahim, Fitri Ramadani Rahman S . Rahman, Sabaruddin Rahman Rahmat, Nabila Ainun Nur Ramadhan Umar, Muhammad Fitrah Reskiyanti, Reskiyanti Restuardi Dundu, Denis Rizky, Zakinah RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Rusvan, A. Aliffathur Sabaruddin Rahman Sabaruddin Rahmanr Sakinah Kasim, Wahyu Sakinah, Whina Sarah, Nurwani Savhanta Tonapa, Royh Sitorus, Chris Jeremy Verian Sitti Hijraini Nur Suleman, Yuliani Sutopo, Raihan Firdaus Taufiqur Rachman Thaha, M A Thaha, M. Arsyad Thaha, Muhammad Arsyad Timang, Novrian Yosua Tri Mulyono TRI UTARI Tri Utari Umar H . Umar, Muh. Fitrah Ramadhan Vivian Karim Ladesi Widianingrum, Windi Yasir Baedah, Ahmad Yudha Pratama, Andi