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Suwanto Raharjo
Universitas Akprind Indonesia
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Journal : Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF)

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Benchmarking Relational and Array-Based Models for Genealogical Data Storage in PostgreSQL Raharjo, Suwanto; Utami, Ema
Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): JUTIF Volume 7, Number 1, February 2026
Publisher : Informatika, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52436/1.jutif.2026.7.1.5629

Abstract

Genealogical information systems manage inherently hierarchical data structures that represent family relationships across multiple generations. Traditional implementations predominantly rely on normalized relational database designs using junction tables to model parent–child relationships. While this approach ensures strong referential integrity, it often incurs substantial performance overhead due to complex join operations during deep hierarchical traversal. Recent versions of PostgreSQL provide native support for array data types This study compares two genealogical database models implemented in PostgreSQL: a normalized relational model using a junction table and a denormalized model that stores child identifiers directly as UUID arrays. To evaluate their performance, we conducted controlled benchmarking experiments using synthetically generated genealogical datasets with varying generational depth and branching patterns. The comparison focuses on storage efficiency, recursive traversal performance, and write operation costs under realistic hierarchical workloads. Results obtained from a large-scale dataset containing more than 7 million individual records show that the UUID array–based model reduces disk space usage by 31%. During deep recursive traversal involving over 12 million nodes at the tenth generation, the array-based model demonstrates improved data locality, leading to a 5.2% reduction in execution latency and 7% fewer shared buffer accesses compared to the relational model. Interestingly, contrary to common expectations in normalized database design, the array-based model achieves 22% faster single-insert performance because it avoids foreign key validation and multiple index updates. This improvement comes with slightly higher write amplification, reflected in a 6.6% increase in buffer usage due to PostgreSQL’s multi-version concurrency control mechanism. These findings contribute to the field of Informatics by providing empirical evidence on how database internal mechanisms influence performance trade-offs in hierarchical data management, offering guidance for designing scalable and read-efficient information systems beyond genealogical applications.
Co-Authors -, Komarudin Abdul Malik Zuhdi Achmad Yusron Arif Ade Rizki Saputra Afifah Nur Aini Aflahah Apriliyani Ahmad irfa’i Alsyaibani, Omar Muhammad Altoumi Amalia Febryane Adhani Mazaya Amir Hamzah Amir Hamzah Amir Hamzah Amrullah, Yusuf Amri Andi Kriswantono Anggit Dwi Hartanto, Anggit Dwi Apolinarius Gusala Argaditia Mawadati Ari Sabela Anggraini Arief Setyanto Arief, Achmad Yusron Arif Nur Rohman Arif setiadi Arif, Achmad Yusron Aziz Nurwahidin Cahyono, Nova Tri Cahyono, Nova Tri Candra Kusuma Catur Iswahyudi Catur Iswahyudi Catur Iswahyudi Catur Iswayudi Danang Kastowo Dani Yulkarnain Dewo Pambudi Dimas Wiryatari Dodik Prakoso Eko Hery Suwandojo Dodik Prakoso Eko Hery Suwandojo Dzakiya, Nurul Edhy Sutanta (Jurusan Teknik Informatika IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta) Edi Winarko Eka Suteja Eko Darmanto Eko Haryanto Eko Haryanto Eko Pramono Eko Pramono Ema Utami Ema Utami (Jurusan Sistem Informasi STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta) Emy Setyaningsih Emy Setyaningsih Enggar Febriyanti Enie Yuliani Erfanti Fatkhiyah Erma Susanti Ermawati - Erna Kumalasari N Erna Kumalasari Nurnawati Eska Almuntaha Faisal Siregar Fuad Hasan Gardyas Bidari Adninda Gardyas Bidari Adninda Gatot Santoso Gatot Santoso Gunawan Wicahyono Hanafi Eko Kurniawan Hardianto Nugroho Hari Rachmadi Hartanto, Anggit Dwi Hendrik Satria Harefa Heri Sismoro Hilarion Yogi Ibnu Berliyanto G.A Ibnu Berliyanto G.A, Ibnu Berliyanto Imam Syafii Imam Syafii Imam Thoib Indarto Indarto Irwan Siswanto Jazi Eko Istiyanto (Program Magister Ilmu Komputer Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM) Joko Triyono Joko Triyono Joko Waluyo JULIANTO Julianto Jussac Maulana Masjhoer Khalil sidik Khalil Sidik Koco Anggoro Kurniati, Devi Kurniawan, Hanafi Eko Laksono Trisnantoro M Yusuf Ali Fiqri M. Abdul Alim Alami M. Ari pamungkas1 M. Rudiyanto Arief Maulana Wahid, Rindo Mazaya, Amalia Febryane Adhani Merlie Anita Miftah Farid Moh Erzal Arighi Damopolii Moh. Ishaq Yanuar Mohammad Sholeh Muh. Ibnu Habil Hanafi Muh. Ibnu Habil Hanafi, Muh. Ibnu Habil Muhamad Fatahillah Z Muhammad Arif Setyawan Muhammad Fahrizal Farid Muhammad Farid Ali Safii Muhammad Puguh Pamungkas Muhammad Rosyid Muhammad Saleh Jafri MUHAMMAD SHOLEH Muhammad Sholeh Munandar, Arief Mursyid Ardiansyah Mustofa Wisnu Dhamara1 Naniek Widyastuti Nansi, Maria Regina Nidia Lestari Nurcahyo, Azriel Christian Okid Parama Astirin Omar Muhammad Altoumi Alsyaibani Prabowo Budi Utomo Prita Haryani Prita Haryani Purnawan Purnawan - Purnawan Purnawan Purnawan Purnawan R. K. ST., MT., Rr. Yuliana Rahardyan Bisma Setya Putra Ramadhan, Hanan Fajar Rauf, Budi Wijaya Rendi Saputra Rio Ponco Negoro Muhammad Hakim Rizal Fakhruddin Lubis Rizki Pratama Rizqa Luviana Musyarofah Rizqi Aji Nugroho Robertus Desta Raka Siwi Robertus Desta Raka Siwi, Robertus Desta Rohmat Hidayat Rohmat Hidayat Rr Yuliana Rachmawati Kusumaningsih Rr. Yuliana Rachmawati Rr.Y. Rachmawati Kusumaningsih Rr.Yuliana Rachamawati, Rr.Yuliana Ryvan Sirait S.T., M.T, Muhammad Sholeh, Samuel Kristiyana Saryadi K T Soba Saryadi K T Soba, Saryadi K T Setya Putra, Rahardyan Bisma Siswanto - Slamet Hani, Slamet Sofyan Pariyasto Sri Hartati Stefanus Samuel Tampi Suparni Setyowati Rahayu Suraya - Suraya - Suraya ., Suraya Syafrizal S Ardiansyah Syahrudin, Erwin Tampi, Stefanus Samuel Thaariq, Muhammad Rizqy Ath Than Raymond Toto Rusianto Triyono, Joko Uning Lestari Uning Lestari Utami, Ema Utami Utamu, Ema Vian Ardiyansyah Saputro Vian Ardiyansyah Saputro Wahyu Hidayat Wahyudi, Doni Yoga Arjanggi Nofianto Yuki Syambudi Setiadi Yuli Purwanto Yuli Purwanto Yuliana Rachmawati Yulianto Mustaqim Zeppi Maulana Bhakti