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Formulasi Gel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Ekstrak Akar Murbei (Morus alba L.) sebagai Pencerah Kulit pada Model Zebrafish Faizatun, Faizatun; Murti, Irene Intan Permata
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 21 No 2 (2023): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1473

Abstract

Mulberry is a plant that has been shown to be effective as a whitening agent. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of mulberry root extract (MRE) and its nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) extracts in terms of their ability to lighten skin tone by using zebrafish as a model. NLC were formulated into gel preparations. The whitening effect of MRE and NLC was evaluated, and the melanin content of the extracts was found to be the result of the evaluation. Based on the results of morphological observations, a decrease in melanin levels was seen in the eye. In the mulberry root extract, the melanin level decreased with an increase in the concentration of the mulberry root extract. In the NLC of mulberry root extract, a decrease in melanin levels was obtained at an increased NLC concentration of mulberry root extract. It can be concluded that mulberry root NLC has the ability to act as a whitening agent, which is distinguished by the reduction of melanin content.
Tyrosinase inhibitory activity and physicochemical properties of microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers gel Faizatun, Faizatun; Abdullah, Abdullah
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v23i1.1622

Abstract

Microalgae (Spirulina platensis) belongs to the family Cyanobacteria contains phycocyanin which is efficacious as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The purpose of the study was to make gel of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) from the Microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis). Extracts were made by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent and evaluation of the enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extract was made by NLC with solvent evaporation method and characterized which included particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). NLC extract was made into gel preparations by adding gelling agent, and evaluation included organoleptic homogeneity, viscosity and flow properties, pH, and the enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis) with the result IC50 in the amount of 150.22 µg/mL. Five of NLC formulas was made based on the characterization obtained the best formula is NLC formula 2, which includes particle size of 119.6 nm, polydispersity index of 0.356, zeta potential of -37.8 mV, and spherical shape. The evaluation results of the gel were semi-solid, brown, typical smell, homogeneous, viscosity of 19500 cPs, plastic thixotropic flow properties, and pH 5.06. The enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity of NLC gel Microalgae extract (Spirulina platensis) with the result IC50 in the amount of 173.38 µg/mL. It can be formulated into a physically and chemically stable gel preparation and has activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor.
Pengembangan Formula Tabir Surya Alami Kombinasi Daun Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M. Sm.) dan Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) beserta Uji Aktivitas SPF In-Vitro Sartono, Anisya Amanda Putri; Taurhesia, Shelly; Faizatun, Faizatun
Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia 
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Mandala Waluya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35311/jmpi.v11i2.1072

Abstract

Radiasi ultraviolet (UV) berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan kulit mulai dari eritema hingga kanker kulit. Penggunaan tabir surya sintetis seperti oksibenzon berisiko menimbulkan iritasi, sehingga pengembangan tabir surya alami menjadi alternatif yang diperlukan. Mengembangkan formulasi tabir surya alami dari kombinasi minyak biji bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) dan ekstrak daun kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M. Sm.) serta mengevaluasi stabilitas dan aktivitas fotoprotektifnya. Minyak diekstraksi dengan cold pressing, sedangkan ekstrak diperoleh melalui maserasi etanol 70%. Kedua bahan distandardisasi berdasarkan parameter mutu. Aktivitas SPF diukur secara in-vitro menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 290-320 nm dengan persamaan Mansur. Stabilitas formulasi diuji melalui cycling test. Formulasi kombinasi (2:1) menunjukkan stabilitas fisik yang baik selama pengujian dan aktivitas SPF yang signifikan. Hasil pengukuran SPF in-vitro mengonfirmasi potensi fotoprotektif dari kombinasi kedua bahan alam tersebut. Kombinasi minyak biji bunga matahari dan ekstrak daun kecombrang berpotensi sebagai tabir surya alami yang efektif dengan stabilitas memadai, menawarkan alternatif fotoproteksi yang aman dari bahan alam.
ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS SPF DAUN KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior (JACK.) R.M. SM) DAN BIJI BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TABIR SURYA ALAMI Anisya Amanda Putri Sartono; Shelly Taurhesia; Faizatun Faizatun
Pharma Xplore : Jurnal Sains dan Ilmu Farmasi Vol 10 No 2 (2025): Pharma Xplore : Jurnal Sains dan Ilmu Farmasi
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36805/f1abgc72

Abstract

Pengembangan tabir surya alami diperlukan untuk mengatasi potensi iritasi dan lingkungan dari tabir surya sintesis Paparan sinar UV berlebih berisiko menyebabkan kerusakan kulit akut hingga kanker, sedangkan tabir surya sintetis seperti oksibenzon dikaitkan dengan iritasi dan dampak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi profil fitokimia dan parameter mutu ekstrak etanol 70% daun Etlingera elatior serta minyak biji Helianthus annuus L., lalu mengevaluasi aktivitas SPF in vitro masing-masing bahan dan kombinasinya (2:1). Ekstraksi dilakukan secara maserasi (daun) dan cold pressing (biji) SPF diukur triplo (n = 3) pada 290–320 nm menggunakan persamaan Mansur dalam etanol 96%. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak kecombrang memenuhi standar Farmakope Herbal Indonesia dan minyak biji matahari memenuhi SNI. Nilai SPF kecombrang 16,35 ± 0,10 (Ultra), minyak 5,34 ± 0,02 (Sedang), kombinasi 13,07 ± 0,02 (Maksimal). Hasil ini berpotensi dikembangkan ke dalam formulasi fotoprotektan topikal berbasis alam seperti bentuk sediaan gel/ cream
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Gel from Fermented Red Pomegranate Peel Juice (Punica Granatum L) Faizatun Faizatun; Nur Miftahurrohmah; Rosmawati Rosmawati
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 11 No 2 (2024): J Sains Farm Klin 11(2), August 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.11.2.136-144.2024

Abstract

Red pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel has secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins which are known to have antioxidant potential. The purpose of this study was to see the comparison of antioxidant activity of juice before and after fermentation and then formulated into a gel preparation that is physically and chemically stable. Red pomegranate peel juice was dried by freeze drying method and then fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 bacteria and measured OD600, pH, and antioxidant activity using DPPH reagent. The results showed that pomegranate peel juice before fermentation had strong antioxidant activity with a value (of IC50 35.64 ± 0.68 ppm) and after fermentation, it was in the very strong category (IC50 8.00 ± 0.01 to 8.11 ± 0.06 ppm); pH before and after (3.96 ± 0.02 and 3.33 ± 0.01). Formula II with juice concentration of 300 x IC50 has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values ​​(64.37 ± 1.13 ppm); pH (6.33); spreadability (6.20 ± 0.07); and viscosity (31333.3 ± 577.35 dPas). There was an increase in antioxidant activity of red pomegranate peel juice after fermentation, the resulting gel is physically and chemically stable based on the results of accelerated stability tests for 4 weeks .
PREPARASI DAN STANDARISASI EKSTRAK HASIL FERMENTASI KULIT BUAH DELIMA (Punica granatum L) Rosmawati; Faizatun; Ratna Djamil; Nur Miftahurrohmah
JURNAL KATALISATOR Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Katalisator, Volume 11 No 1 April 2026
Publisher : LLDIKTI X Sumbar, Riau, Jambi, Kepri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62769/fq97ff66

Abstract

ABSTRAK Kulit buah delima kaya akan tanin yang dapat terhidrolisis terutama punicalagin yang merupakan prekursor senyawa aktif asam elagat yang banyak digunakan sebagai senyawa aktif untuk perawatan kulit. Proses fermentasi merupakan metode yang dapat meningkatkan kandungan asam elagat yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan standarisasi ekstrak hasil fermentasi kulit buah delima (Punica granatum L) yang dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku pada sediaan kosmetik dengan menentukan parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan pada penentuan parameter spesifik yang diuji meliputi identitas ekstrak, uji organoleptik, skrining fitokimia ekstrak positif terdapat senyawa alkaloid, antraquinon, glikosida, flavonoid, terpenoid, tanin, dan saponin. Pengujian parameter nonspesifik yang telah dilakukan antara lain nilai kadar air 0,19%, kadar abu total sebanyak 1,4%, kadar abu larut asam sebanyak 0,0034%, cemaran bakteri mikroba ALT dan AKK diperoleh 0 cfu/ml. Hasil penelitian memenuhi standarisasi mutu ekstrak. Data yang diperoleh diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi tambahan mengenai ekstrak hasil fermentasi kulit buah delima yang memenuhi standar mutu dalam pengembangan sebagai bahan baku sediaan kosmetika. Kata kunci : Kulit buah delima, standarisasi ekstrak, parameter spesifik ekstrak, parameter nonspesifik ekstrak ABSTRACT Pomegranate peel is rich punicalagin compounds a group of hydrolyzable tannins which is a precursor of the active compound ellagic acid, which is widely used as an active compound for skin care. The fermentation process is a method that can increase the content of ellagic acid that is environmentally friendly. This study was conducted to standardize the fermented extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L) used as a raw material in cosmetic preparations by determining specific and nonspecific parameters. The specific parameter tests conducted were extract identity, organoleptic test, and phytochemical screening. Phytochemical screening showed that the extract contained positive alkaloids, anthraquinones, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Non-specific parameter tests conducted included water content of 0.19%, total ash content of 1.4%, acid-soluble ash content of 0.0034%, microbial contamination of ALT and AKK obtained 0 cfu/ml. The results of the study met the extract quality standards. The data obtained are expected to be additional information regarding the fermented extract of pomegranate peel that meets quality standards in development as a raw material for cosmetic preparations. Keywords: Pomegranate peel, specific parametric extract, nonspessific parametric extract
ANALISIS DAMPAK TEKANAN SISTEM HARGA E-KATALOG DAN BIAYA IMPOR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP STRUKTUR BIAYA, RASIO KEUANGAN, DAN SKOR ALTMAN Z : (STUDI KASUS PADA PT DARYA VARIA LABORATORIA TBK DAN PT KALBE FARMA TBK 2019–2023) Ari Nugroho; Faizatun; Lies Putriana
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 10 No 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.10.1.163-169

Abstract

The e-catalogue pricing system for medicines under Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) and the high dependence on imported raw materials create major external pressures on the financial performance of local pharmaceutical firms. This study analyses how e-catalogue price pressure and rupiah–US dollar fluctuations relate to cost structure, key financial ratios, and financial distress risk using the modified Altman Z-Score. A descriptive qualitative design was applied to two listed companies, PT Darya Varia Laboratoria Tbk (DVLA) and PT Kalbe Farma Tbk (KLBF) for 2019–2023, using secondary data from audited consolidated financial statements, annual reports, and sustainability reports. Financial ratios and Z-Scores were calculated in Excel and interpreted together with thematic document analysis of adaptive strategies. Results show margin compression, particularly in JKN-related lines, and higher cost exposure when the rupiah depreciated. Nevertheless, both firms remained in the safe zone throughout the period (DVLA Z-Score 6.26-7.45; KLBF 9.82-11.68), indicating strong financial resilience. KLBF’s gross profit margin declined from 45.3% (2019) to 38.8% (2023), while DVLA maintained a relatively stable gross profit margin from 51% (2019) to 54% (2023) but faced rising operating costs. Adaptive strategies, such as OTC diversification, supply-chain integration, foreign rate exchange risk management, and local raw-material initiatives, helped mitigate policy and currency shocks. The study highlights the importance of cost-structure efficiency, foreign-exchange risk controls, and domestic raw-material capability to sustain competitiveness under national pricing regulation and global volatility.