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All Journal Medicina E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Medicinus : Jurnal Kedokteran Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Majalah Anestesia & Critical Care (MACC) Jurnal Anestesi dan Terapi Intensif Udayana Jurnal Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif

Putu Pramana Suarjaya

Faculty Of Medicine Anesthesiology & Therapy Intensif Universitas Udayana Denpasar

Author-ID : 386627

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary Other

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GREATER AURICULAR NERVE (GAN) BLOCK USING ISOBARIC ROPIVACAINE AS AN ANALGESIC ADJUVANT AS COMPARED TO INTRAVENOUS OPIOID AS ANALGESIA FOR MIDDLE EAR SURGERY Tirta, Ian; Widnyana, I Made Gede; Sinardja, Cynthia Dewi; Putra, Kadek Agus Heryana; Parami, Pontisomaya; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Wiryana, Made; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i1.27255

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas Blok Saraf Aurikular Besar menggunakan ropivakain isobarik terhadap jumlah penggunaan opioid selama dan setelah operasi, penilaian hemodinamik, intensitas nyeri, dan penilaian respons mual dan muntah post-operatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni (eksperimental sejati). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah uji acak terkontrol buta tunggal (RCT). Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 48 pasien berusia di atas 18 tahun hingga 65 tahun yang menjalani operasi telinga bagian tengah-bagian dalam di Rumah Sakit Prof IGNG Ngoerah, Denpasar. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS versi 26 untuk uji t-tidak tergantung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fentanyl P1 adalah 77,08 ± 32,90 mg dan P0 adalah 97,92 ± 37,53 mg, p = 0,003. Kebutuhan morfin ditemukan dalam 3 jam, P1 adalah 0,58 ± 0,77 mg dan P0 ditemukan menjadi 1,04 ± 0,69 mg, p < 0,001. Kebutuhan morfin 6 P1 adalah 0,79 ± 0,72 mg dan P0 ditemukan menjadi 2,63 ± 1,27 mg, p < 0,001. Kebutuhan morfin selama 24 jam P1 adalah 1,50 ± 1,14 mg dan P0 ditemukan menjadi 3,92 ± 1,66 mg, p < 0,001. Intensitas nyeri ditemukan lebih rendah pada 3, 6, 12, 18, dan 24 jam pada P1 (p <0,05). Perbaikan hemodinamik > 20% pada P0 ditemukan pada 15, 30, 60, dan 120 menit, sedangkan kelompok P1 ditemukan stabil (p <0,001). Skor mual dan muntah selama 24 jam P1 adalah 1,92 ± 1,01 dan P0 adalah 2,75 ± 1,03, p = 0,007.

COMPARISON OF SEVOFLURANE WITH PROPOFOL ON THE INCIDENCE OF EMERGENCE AGITATION AFTER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPARATOMY SURGERY AT RSUP PROF. DR. I. G. N. G. NGOERAH Giovanni, Malvin; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Kurniyanta, I Putu; Wiryana, Made; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Suranadi , I Wayan; Widyana, I Made Gede; Putra, Kadek Agus Heryana
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i1.27269

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan antara penggunaan sevofluran dan propofol sebagai obat pemeliharaan anestesi dapat mengurangi insiden AK pada pasien pediatrik yang menjalani operasi laparotomi di RS PROF. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah. Penelitian ini adalah studi kohort prospektif yang dilakukan pada 84 pasien berusia 3-12 tahun dengan ASA I-II yang menjalani operasi laparotomi. Semua pasien dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang menerima pemeliharaan anestesi dengan sevofluran dan kelompok yang menerima pemeliharaan anestesi dengan propofol. Setelah anestesi dari awal ekstubasi hingga 1 jam di ruang pemulihan, pasien diperiksa dan dicatat apakah terjadi AK menggunakan Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) dan tingkat keparahannya. Jika skornya > 12, pasien diindikasikan mengalami AK. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbandingan penggunaan obat pemeliharaan anestesi menggunakan propofol dan sevofluran terhadap insiden AK dan ditemukan bahwa 21,4% dari kelompok yang menggunakan propofol mengalami AK, dan 59,5% dari kelompok yang menggunakan sevofluran mengalami AK, nilai p <0,001 dengan OR 5,392; 95% CI [2.06 - 14.09]. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa semakin muda usia meningkatkan risiko insiden AK dibandingkan dengan anak-anak yang lebih tua. Propofol secara signifikan mengurangi insiden Agitasi Kebangkitan (AK) dibandingkan dengan sevofluran pada pasien pediatrik yang menjalani operasi laparotomi di RS PROF. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah.

ANESTHESIA MANAGEMENT IN MODIFIED PARK BENCH POSITION IN NEUROSURGERY : A CASE REPORT Wanda, Aprilia; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Widnyana, Made Gede; Sutawan, IB Krisna Jaya; Ryalino, Christopher
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): AGUSTUS 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i2.31222

The modified park bench position enhances surgical exposure while minimizing brainstem manipulation but poses significant anesthetic challenges. This case report aimed to describe the author’s anesthesia management in a modified park bench position for neurosurgery. A 39-year-old woman presented with intermittent headaches, nausea, and vomiting for three months, alongside vision deterioration. She denied loss of consciousness, seizures, weight loss, or trauma. Examination revealed typical vital signs, neurological function, and musculoskeletal integrity. Supporting tests showed elevated SGOT levels and a primary malignant brain tumor with suspected hemorrhage and surrounding vasogenic edema. She underwent craniotomy after fasting and standard anesthesia preparation. An arterial line, premedication, and intubation were administered, followed by five-hour surgery in the modified park bench position. Postoperatively, pain was managed with fentanyl, paracetamol, and ibuprofen. She was monitored in the ICU for seven days and discharged on the eighth postoperative day. In summary, managing primary malignant brain tumors like glioblastoma requires thorough preoperative assessment, precise anesthesia planning, and vigilant intraoperative monitoring for patient safety and successful outcomes. The collaborative effort of neurosurgery and anesthesia teams and postoperative care is vital for patient recovery and underscores the importance of comprehensive perioperative management.

Pain Management in Blast Crisis Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report Soerodjotanojo, Simson Samuel; Michael Humianto; I Putu Pramana Suarjaya; Made Septyana Parama Adi
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v8i2.921

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a slow-growing type of cancer that begins in the bone marrow's blood-forming cells and is caused by a chromosomal mutation that is assumed to develop spontaneously. As CML advances into the rapid or blast phase, it can cause significant pain. This study aimed to describe pain management in the blast crisis (BC) phase of CML. Case presentation: A 48-year-old female diagnosed with CML in the BC phase complained of severe pain in the head, shoulders, back, and tailbone area with a numeric rating scale (NRS) of 9/10. The patient received multimodal analgesic therapy with continuous IV fentanyl at a rate of 0.25 mcg/kg/hour and ketamine at 1.3 mcg/kg/minute for 24 hours. The dosage was gradually increased through titration with a target NRS of 4/10. On the fifth day, we replaced fentanyl with morphine at 0.04 mg/kg/hour and ketamine at 1.3 mcg/kg/minute, and we reduced the titration dose according to the patient’s NRS, and her pain was controlled with NRS 3-4/10 after 7 days of treatment. On the 9th day, she was discharged with oral therapy. Conclusion: Multimodal analgesia has been shown to effectively reduce the intensity of the pain in blast crisis phase.

Pediatric Spinal Cord Contusion: A Case Report Highlighting Clinical Symptoms and Management Strategies in a 2-Year-Old Patient Chriswidarma, Dewa Gede; Adityawarma, Anak Agung Ngurah Agung Harawikrama; Lauren, Christopher; Satyarsa, Agung Bagus Sista; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Mahadewa, Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 14, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v14i3.692

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) can be resulted in permanent disability, often caused by high-intensity incidents such as car accidents, falls, and violent crimes. Although relatively rare in children, they can have profound effects. This case report was aimed to elucidate the clinical symptoms of Th1-Th3 spinal contusion in a 2-year-old patient. A 2-year-old boy presented to a private peripheral hospital with complaints of back pain following a traffic accident. The examination revealed complete motor weakness (0/5) in both lower extremities, with preserved sacral sparing. Thoracolumbar MRI demonstrated spinal cord contusion and edema at the level of Th1-Th3. Based on history, physical examination, and supporting tests, the patient was diagnosed with SCI ASIA Impairment Scale B and upper thoracic spinal cord contusion, leading to the decision to perform laminectomy at the Th2-Th3 level. This case underscores the importance of recognizing initial symptoms in spinal cord injury cases and being vigilant for red flags in spinal trauma cases. Prompt initial trauma treatment, such as patient immobilization, is crucial. In this instance, laminectomy decompression was undertaken to address the contusion. A high level of vigilance was required as neurological symptoms could evolve or be initially obscured. Spinal cord injuries often manifest within days of an accident, although they can remain undetected for extended periods. Cord contusions may present with neurological symptoms, necessitating prompt diagnosis via spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and potential emergency surgical intervention, such as laminectomy.

Reaktif Oksigen Spesies Pada Cedera Otak Traumatik Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Bisri, Tatang; Wargahadibrata, A. Himendra
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Cedera otak traumatik menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas karena terjadinya cedera primer yang diikuti oleh cedera sekunder. Cedera sekunder yang terjadi meliputi peningkatan asam amino eksitatif, ketidak seimbangan ion, penurunan kadar ATP, aktivasi enzim proteolitik dan stres oksidatif yang akan menyebabkan terjadinya disfungsi neuron sampai kematian neuron. Terdapat kaitan erat antara beratnya stres oksidatif yang terjadi dengan beratnya cedera otak yang terjadi, sebagai akibat terganggunya hemostasis kalsium, gangguan pembentukan energi dan meningkatnya proses peroksidasi lipid. Pada telaah ini didiskusikan bagaimana stres oksidatif yang terjadi pada cedera otak traumatik, dan pengaruhnya pada proses pathologi sedera otak traumatik.Reactive Oxygen Species in Traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) morbidity and mortality are due to primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is due to mechanical forces during the trauma process and secondary injury is subsequent process following the primary impact. This secondary injury processes involving increased excitatory amino acids, ionic imbalance, decreased ATP level, unusual proteolytic enzyme activity, and oxidative stress which contibute to delayed neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. The mammalian brain is vulnerable to oxidative stress because of the high oxygen consumption needed for maintaining neuronal ion homoeostasis during the propagation of action potentials.There is a close relationship between degree of oxidative stress and severity of brain insults, which results from a perturbation of calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, and increased lipid peroxidation. In this review we discuss oxidative stress during traumatic brain injury, and its implication on pathology of traumatic brain injury.

Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Cedera Medula Spinalis Segmen Cervicalis Kurniawan Komala, Tomas Ari; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Sinardja, I Ketut
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Manajemen medula spinalis, terutama bagian cervical selama operasi dan resusitasi pasien dengan cedera spinal, memiliki banyak pertimbangan penting untuk ahli anestesi, antara lain dengan memperhitungkan hal-hal yang berpotensi menyebabkan cedera berat irreversibel selama dilakukan intubasi trakeal. Pasien laki-laki usia 57 tahun, datang ke Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar dalam kondisi sadar mengeluh nyeri pada leher dan tidak bisa menggerakkan ke empat anggota geraknya segera setelah kecelakaan. Pengelolaan anestesi untuk membantu tindakan operasi ini dilakukan dengan anestesi umum inhalasi dengan pemasangan pipa nasotrakheal non kinking, nafas kendali. Untuk premedikasi diberikan midazolam intravena, induksi dengan propofol dan fentanyl intravena, dan fasilitasi intubasi dengan menggunakan vekuronium intravena. Intubasi dikerjakan dengan bantuan glidescope untuk meminimalisasi ekstensi kepala. Pemeliharaan anestesi dengan menggunakan N2O, O2, sevofluran dan vekuronium intermitten. Monitoring tanda vital tekanan darah, laju nadi, EKG, SaO2, dan ET CO2. Operasi dikerjakan dengan posisi telungkup, pendekatan dari posterior. Selama operasi hemodinamik pasien relatif stabil. Hari I pascaoperasi dimulai program diet enteral, hari II pascaoperasi penderita dipindahkan ke ruangan biasa. Penilaian nyeri dengan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dengan hasil 12. Fungsi motorik pasien meningkat 1 point dibandingkan pre op, hari IX pascaoperasi penderita diprogram rawat jalan oleh sejawat Bedah Saraf. Cedera pada medulla spinalis segmen cervical memerlukan penanganan yang cermat. Penanganan jalan nafas definitif dengan melakukan intubasi trakheal harus sangat berhatihati, dan harus dijaga agar tidak terjadi cedera lebih jauh akibat tindakan laryngoscopy. Anesthetic Management for Patient with Cervicalis Spinal Cord InjuryManagement for spinal cord injury, especially the cervical part during surgery and also resuscitation of patients with spinal injuries, has many important considerations for anesthesiologists,which is also have potential to cause severe irreversible injury during tracheal intubation. Patient male, 57 years old, came to Sanglah Hospital with chief complain neck pain and could not move all extremities immediately after an accident. Anesthesia performed by general anesthesia inhalation with insertion nasotracheal tube. For premedication was given IV midazolam. Induction with IV propofol and fentanyl, and vecuronium used as muscle relaxant. Intubation performed with glidescope guidance to minimize the extension of the head. Maintenance of anesthesia with N2O, O2, sevoflurane and intermittent IV vecuronium. Monitoring during anesthesia and surgery such as blood pressure, pulse rate, ECG, SaO2, and ET CO2. The surgery was done with prone position and posterior approach. During surgery the patients hemodynamic relative stable. Day I post operation, patient start to have enteral diet, and the next day patient was transferred to regular ward. Pain assesment was done with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) with score 12. Motor function of the patients increased 1 point compared to preoperation. Day IX post operation, patient was discharged from the hospital. Cervical spinal cord injury requires careful handling. Definitive airway by endotracheal intubation should be done with extreme careful, and shall not cause further injury due to laryngoscopy.

Tatalaksana Anestesi pada Prosedur Minimal Invasive Neurosurgery: Kasus Perdarahan Intraserebral Traumatika Laksono, Buyung Hartiyo; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Rahardjo, Sri; Bisri, Tatang
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) menyumbang 70% kematian akibat trauma. Penyebab yang tersering adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas 49%. Tehnik minimal invasif cukup berkembang pada beberapa dekade ini, demikian juga pada bidang bedah saraf. Tujuan utama tatalaksana anestesia adalah immobilisasi intraoperatif, stabilitas kardiovaskuler, minimal komplikasi pascaoperasi, fasilitasi intraoperatif neurologi monitoring, kolaborasi tatalaksana peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (TIK) dan rapid emergence untuk pemeriksaan neurologis dini. Kasus laki-laki 50 tahun dengan perdarahan intraserebral (ICH) direncanakan operasi minimal invasive neuroendoscopy evakuasi hematom. Posisi selama operasi adalah true lateral yang juga menjadi perhatian tersendiri. Komplikasi akibat posisi harus dihindari karena rentan mempengaruhi luaran operasi. Operasi berjalan selama 3 jam dengan luaran optimal. Beberapa masalah penting menjadi perhatian khusus selama operasi dan pascaoperasi. Prinsip tatalaksana anestesi pada minimal invasif yang harus dicapai adalah pemeriksaan dan perencanaan preoperatif yang baik, kontrol hemodinamik serebral untuk menjamin tekanan perfusi otak (cerebral perfusion presure/CPP) optimal, immobilisasi penuh, dan dapat dilakukan rapid emergence untuk menilai status neurologis. Komunikasi antara operator dan ahli anestesi penting untuk keberhasilan kasus ini.Anesthesia Management in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Procedure: Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage CaseTraumatic brain injury (TBI) accounted for 70% of deaths from trauma. The most common causes of traffic accidents is 49%. Minimally invasive techniques sufficiently developed in the past few decades, as well as in the field of neurosurgery. The main objective is the treatment of immobilization intraoperative anesthesia, cardiovascular stability, minimal postoperative complications, facilitating intraoperative neurological monitoring, collaborative management of an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and the rapid emergence of early neurological examination. The case of a man 50 years with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) minimally invasive surgery neuroendoscopy planned evacuation of hematoma. Position during operation is true lateral is also a concern in itself. Complications due to the position should be avoided because it is vulnerable affect the outcome of the operation. Operations run for 3 hours with optimal outcomes. Some important issue is of particular concern during surgery and postoperatively. Procedural principle in minimally invasive anesthesia to be achieved is the examination and good preoperative planning, cerebral hemodynamic control to ensure optimal cerebral perfussion pressure (CPP), full immobilization, and can do rapid emergence to assess the neurological status. Communication between the operator and the anesthetist is important to the success of this case.

Penatalaksanaan Perioperatif pada Bedah Dekompresi Mikrovaskular: Sajian Kasus Serial Firdaus, Riyadh; Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Rahardjo, Sri
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Dekompresi mikrovaskular (microvascular decompression/MVD) adalah terapi definitif dari spasme hemifasial, yakni suatu gangguan gerakan neuromuskular wajah. Spasme ini ditandai dengan kontraksi involunter berulang pada otat yang diinervasi oleh N. fasialis (N.VII) akibat penekanan oleh arteri, tumor atau kelainan vaskular lainnya. Prevalensinya mencapai 911 kasus per 100.000 populasi sehat, dan paling sering terjadi pada usia 4060 tahun. Meskipun bukaan operasi MVD kecil yaitu di sekitar retroaurikula tetapi teknik anestesi-nya menggunakan prinsip-prinsip pembedahan fossa posterior. Bukaan lapangan operasi yang baik, kewaspadaan terhadap rangsangan ke batang otak maupun nervus kranialis dan kewaspadaan terhadap penurunan perfusi otak merupakan pilar-pilar utama tatalaksana anestesia pada MVD. Disajikan empat kasus spasme hemifasial dengan keadaan khusus. Kasus pertama operasi dilakukan pada pasien geriatri, pasien kedua dengan riwayat hipertensi, pasien ketiga dengan leher pendek dan asma, pasien terakhir dengan diabetes mellitus serta hipertensi. Pemantauan kestabilan hemodinamik, kedalaman anestesia dan relaksasi otot merupakan aspek penting yang menyertai tata laksana anestesi pada kasus ini.Perioperative Management in Microvascular Decompression Surgery: Case Series ReportMicrovascular decompression (MVD) is the definitive surgery for hemifacial spasm. The symptoms is described as a repetitive involuntary muscle contraction which innervated by N.fascialis caused by compression of the nervus by enlarged artery, tumor or vascular malformation. Its happened to 9-11 people from 100.000 population, especially in 4th to 6th decades. Although MVD operation only need small opening in retroauricula area but it still use posterior fossa operation principles. They are sufficient work field, awareness of impulse to brain stem and cranial nerves, and decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure. We present four cases of hemifacial spasm, with variety of considerations. The first case was a geriatric patient, the second was with history of hypertension, the third patient has short neck and also history of hypetension and asthma and the last is with diabetes mellitus and history of hypertension. Hemodynamic monitoring, deepness of anesthesia and adequate muscle relaxation is important parameter of anasthetical management of these cases.

Metabolisme Energi pada Cedera Otak Traumatik Suarjaya, I Putu Pramana; Bisri, Tatang; Wargahadibrata, A. Himendra
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 1, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Cedera otak traumatik mengakibatkan terjadinya kaskade gangguan fisiologi dan biokimia yang berpengaruh pada metabolisme dan produksi energi serebral. Setelah cedera otak traumatik, terjadi perubahan berkelanjutan pada metabolisme energi serebral yang ditandai oleh terjadinya disfungsi mitokondria dan meningkatnya glikolisis. Cedera otak traumatik juga mengakibatkan adanya peningkatan kebutuhan energi karena terjadinya gangguan hemostasis ion, gangguan hantaran glutaminergik dan proses perbaikan jaringan yang membutuhkan energi. Kombinasi dari dari pelepasan ATP dari sinap preterminal, disfungsi mitokondria, penurunan aliran darah otak setelah cedera dan peningkatan kebutuhan energi otak pada saat cedera akan menimbulkan ketidak seimbangan antara penyediaan dan kebutuhan energi pada cedera otak traumatik.Energy Metabolism in Traumatic Brain InjuryDuring Traumatic brain injury, secondary insults will led to physiological and biochemical cascade that disturbing cerebral energy metabolism. After traumatic brain injury, sustained changes in cellular energy metabolism have been described as accelerated glycolysis or mitochondrial dysfunction.Traumatic brain injury is associated with increasing energy needs to restore cerebral ionic hemostasis, distubance in glutaminergic process and tissue repairing. Combination of ATP release from pre-terminal synaps, mitochondrial dysfunction, decrease brain oxygen delivery and increasing energy metabolic needs results in cerebral energy imbalances.

Co-Authors A Himendra Wargahadibrata A. Himendra Wargahadibrata A. Himendra Wargahadibrata Adhiwirawan, Christina Angelia Maharani Dewi Adi, Made Septyana Parama Adinda Putra Pradhana Adityawarma, Anak Agung Ngurah Agung Harawikrama Agung Bagus S. Satyarsa Aldy, Aldy Allan, Alma Hepa Andika Metrisiawan Aryasa EM, Tjahya Aulyan Syah, Bau Indah Aulyan Syah, Bau Indah Bora, Fivilia Anjelina Brillyan Jehosua Toar Budiarta, Gede Chandra, Steven Okta Christanto, Sandhi Christanto, Sandhi Christopher Ryalino Christopher, Michael Chriswidarma, Dewa Gede Cynthia Dewi Sinardja D.H., Asterina Damayanti, Elok Demoina, I Gede Patria Dewi, Dewa Ayu Mas Shintya Dewi, I Dewa Ayu Mas Shintya Eka Nantha Kusuma, Putu EM, Tjahya Aryasa Eric Makmur, Eric Firdaus, Riyadh Firdaus, Riyadh Gd. Harry Kurnia Prawedana Gde Agung Senapathi, Tjokorda Giovanni, Malvin Hartawan, I Gusti Agung G Utara Hartawan, IGAG Utara Hendrikus Gede Surya Adhi Putra Hengky Hengky, Hengky I Gede Catur Wira Natanagara I Gusti Agung Gede Utara Hartawan I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit Aribawa I Ketut Sinardja I Made Gede Widnyana I Made Stepanus Biondi Pramantara I Putu Agus Surya Panji I Wayan Ade Punarbawa I Wayan Niryana I Wayan Suranadi I. D. G. Tresna Rismantara Ida Bagus Alit Saputra Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan J Sutawan, Ida Bagus Krisna J. Sutawan, IB Krisna J. Sutawan, Ida Bagus Krisna Jeanne, Bianca Jimmy Wongkar Johanes, Kevin Paul Juwita, Nova Kadek Agus Heryana Putra, Kadek Agus Katipana, Madyline Victorya Ketut Yudi Arparitna, Ketut Yudi Khamandanu, Kadek Fabrian Kharisma, Chau Febriani Krisna J. Sutawan, Ida Bagus Krisnayanti, Ida Ayu Arie Kulsum Kulsum, Kulsum Kumaat, Garry D. Chrysogonus Kurniawan Komala, Tomas Ari Kurniawan Komala, Tomas Ari Kurniyanta, I Putu Kusuma, Oscar Indra Labobar, Otniel Andrians Laksono, Buyung Hartiyo Lauren, Christopher Made Septyana Parama Adi Made Wiryana Marilaeta Cindryani Lolobali, Marilaeta Cindryani MD, Burhan MD, Patricia Michael Humianto Muhammad Aris Sugiharso, Muhammad Aris Muliadi, Win Mulyadi, Win Narakusuma, Fajar Ni Made Supradnyawati, Ni Made Ni Putu Wardani Nova Juwita Nyoman Golden Paramartha, Bagus Patricia, Yoshie Permatasari, Endah Permatasari, Endah Pontisomaya Parami Prabowo, Pratama Yulius Pranata, I Made Harry Pratana, Yolanda Jenny Purwanto, Osmond Putu Herdita Sudiantara, Putu Herdita Putu Kurniyanta Ratu, Tiffani Richard Richard Saleh, Siti Chasnak Saleh, Siti Chasnak Santo, Budi Sidabutar, Beny Pratama Sidemen, IGP Sukrana Sista Satyarsa, Agung Bagus Sista Soerodjotanojo, Simson Samuel Sri Maliawan Sri Rahardjo Suastika, I Gede Juli Sucandra, I Made Agus Kresna Supradnyana, I Nyoman Novi Suranadi , I Wayan Sutawan, IB Krisna Krisna Jaya Taopan, Damatus Try Hartanto Tatang Bisri Tini, Kumara Tirta, Ian Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa Virayanti, Luh Putu Diah Wanda, Aprilia Wargahadibrata, A. Hmendra Widyana, I Made Gede Wiryawan, I Nyoman Wisnu Wardhana Wundiawan, Kristian Felix Yani, Jancolin Yani

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