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All Journal Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang INTECOMS: Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science JSiI (Jurnal Sistem Informasi) Indonesian Physical Review Building of Informatics, Technology and Science Infotekmesin Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Buletin LOUPE (Laporan Umum Penelitian) Journal of Applied Sciences and Advanced Technology Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL) Jurnal Teknologi Informatika dan Komputer Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Jurnal Mesin Nusantara Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia : Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia International Journal of Engagement and Empowerment (IJE2) JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION Journal Of Sustainable Research In Management Of Agroindustry (SURIMI) ACROPORA: Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Papua JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL Abdi Jurnal Publikasi Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Industri Perkebunan OKTAL : Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sains Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia MULTIPLE: Journal of Global and Multidisciplinary Acta Solum Food and Agro-industry (FAGI) Journal Jurnal Ilmu Komputer
Murni Handayani
Universitas Pamulang, Banten, Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Journal : Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering

 1 
Utilization of Coconut Shells as a Source of Graphene Nanosheets Fe/N-GNS for Environmentally Friendly Primary Battery Electrodes Giyanto; Affi, Jon; Gunawarman; Handayani, Murni; Yetri, Yuli
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang

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Abstract

The research on the performance of carbon (C)/d-orbital metals (graphite/graphene, graphene/N-graphene, graphite/Fe-graphene, graphite/Fe-N-graphene, and graphene/Fe-N-graphene) in primary battery electrode systems was carried out using a simple technology by mixing coconut shell powder with N and Fe. The purpose of this study was to determine the preparation method of Fe/GNS and Fe/N-GNS electrodes and to evaluate the performance of the electrolyte on electron distribution in Fe/GNS and Fe/N-GNS electrodes as primary battery anodes based on electrical conductivity values. This research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study. GNS and N-GNS were synthesized using a modified Hummers method, while Fe/GNS and Fe/N-GNS electrodes were synthesized using the impregnation method. GNS, N-GNS, Fe/GNS, and Fe/N-GNS after electrolyte combination were characterized using SEM–EDX and a multimeter, respectively. The SEM–EDX results at 170 °C and 500–600 °C showed a folded and wrinkled graphene structure with dispersed Fe (5.3 wt% by EDX), dominated by C and O. The addition of Fe–NH₃ acted as a catalyst to form more regularly structured graphite. The DHL test showed the highest electrical conductivity (~51,400 at 40 V) for Fe-N-GNS samples synthesized at 170 °C and 600 °C, which were identified as the most optimal synthesis conditions.
Synthesis of Graphene-Like Carbon from Coconut Shell and Electrical Conductivity Properties Rohmat, Nur; Affi, Jon; Gunawarman; Handayani, Murni; Yetri, Yuli
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang

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Abstract

Demand for batteries continues to increase in line with the growth of electric vehicles, while the availability of lithium in nature is limited. One alternative is the use of renewable natural materials, such as coconut shells, to produce functional carbon materials. This study aims to synthesize graphene-like carbon (GLC) from coconut shells using pyrolysis and sonication methods. The process was carried out through drying at 150–200 °C and pyrolysis at 700 °C. XRD characterization showed main peaks at 2θ ≈ 23.11° and 43.75° (150 °C/700 °C), and 23.15° and 43.38° (200 °C/700 °C), with an interlayer spacing of 0.35 nm and a shift in the C (002) peak from pure graphite, indicating the formation of nanosized graphene layers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O–H, aromatic C=C, C=O, and C–O groups, indicating a hexagonal carbon framework with oxygen functionality on the surface. The Raman spectrum showed ID/IG ratios of 0.84 and 0.83, indicating structural disorder while still consistent with graphene-like characteristics. Conductivity tests showed relatively stable electrical conductivity with gradual electron energy loss at small current increases, allowing better control of electron mobility.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Arken Abu Khalid Rivai Agus Santoso Ahmad Gunawan Wibisono Al Habib, Irsyad Allam Ramzy Allam Ramzy Anggai, Sajarwo Any Kurniawati, Any Ari Kristiningsih Arrozi , Ubed Sonai Fahruddin Arsita Nur Rizkia Putri Astuti, Wijayanti Dwi Aza Fauziana, Noer Choirunnisa Firdaus Ivana Da, Oh Wen Darmawan, Rizki Ahmad Dawam Agung Pribadi Destiny, Keysi Devain Dewanto, Hizkia Alpha Dwi, Sadina Sahitya Dwityaningsih, Rosita Evila Purwanti Sri Rahayu, Theresia Fadillah Fajar Hidayanto, Fajar Feni Aryanti Fernandez, Nikolas Krisma Hadi Fitri Khoerunnisa Giyanto Gunawarman Hartanto Hesti Rahayuningsih Hidayat, Dahlan Hizam, Fadli Iasya, Yurin Karunia Apsha Albaina Ipung Saputra Irnanda, Istifhamy Iwan Setiawan Jatmoko Awali Joko Setia Pribadi Jon Affi, Jon Kanim Kristiningsih, Ari Kurnia, Akhmad Rinaldy Kushendarsyah Saptaji Latifatul Khusna Lutfi Syafirullah Mahendra, Brillian Ardy Makhsun Makhsun Makhsun Mardiyana Mardiyana Mardiyana Mardiyana Maulana, Romdon Mila Prametha, Novika Moh. Triyana Abbas Mohammad Nurhilal Mohammad Rayhan Afdillah Muhamad Sibli Muji Mulyani Mustofa, Rizki musyafa, ahmad Nabila, Najwa Natasya Arifah Natasya Arifah Nur Rohmat Nuraini Sitepu Nuraini Sitepu Nurhayati, Mita Nurlinda Ayu Triwuri Oto Prasadi putri, raekhanrahmah Putri, Restiani Alia Raekhan Rahmah Putri Rafli Rafli Rafli Rafli Ragaventrand, Ramses Maur Reno Saeprani Retno Tri Purnamasari Rifqi Fakhri Yogi Syafruddin Rizki Agustian Rosita Dwityaningsih Rosita, Rosita Dwityaningsih Saefuloh, Iman Salma Maulikhatun Zulfa Santika, Ariel Sari Widya Utami Sari Widya Utami Satrio Herbirowo, Satrio Siti Khoirunnisa Slamet Raharjo Slamet Raharjo Sudarno Sudarno Sumardiono, Arif Syadilla Ega Maharani Taswanda Taryo Taswanda Taryo Tukiyat Tukiyat Tukiyat, Tukiyat Ulikaryani Uliyatunisa, Uliyatunisa Waskita, Arya Adhyaksa Widuri Indana Saleha Widuri Indana Saleha Witriansyah, Khoeruddin Wittriansyah, Khoeruddin Yessi Permana Yuli Yetri Yunita Triana, Yunita Yunus Yunus Zain, Rafi Mahmud Zeni Ulma