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Journal : journal of educational studies

AI Usage in the Classroom: Understanding and Mitigating Cognitive Offloading Yudiernawati, Atti; Wicaksono, Soetam Rizky; Wahyuni, Tavip Dwi
Journal of Educational Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Lembaga Bale Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/jes.v4i1.2692

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has significantly transformed how students complete academic tasks, particularly in writing and analysis. This research aims to examine the impact of AI usage on students’ self-efficacy by considering cognitive offloading as an underlying mechanism. The research was conducted in an Information Systems program at a university in Malang, Indonesia, involving two classes: Digital Transformation (21 students) and Financial Technology (17 students). AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Consensus were used to support writing, analysis, and referencing processes. Data were collected through questionnaires at the midterm and final stages, supported by focus group discussions with selected students. The results show that, at the initial stage, most students perceived AI as a tool that simplifies tasks, leading to reduced cognitive effort and increased dependency. This indicates the presence of cognitive offloading, where students rely on AI instead of engaging in deep thinking. However, after the implementation of structured learning strategies, including direct review, oral assessment, and continuous feedback, approximately half of the students demonstrated a shift toward more active cognitive engagement. They began to prioritize reasoning and validation of AI-generated outputs. Nevertheless, a small group of students remained dependent on AI, while others showed transitional behavior. This research concludes that AI can both weaken and strengthen students’ self-efficacy, depending on how it is integrated into the learning process. Cognitive offloading is not an inevitable outcome but can be controlled through appropriate instructional design. Therefore, lecturers play a critical role in ensuring that AI functions as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for cognitive processes.
Co-Authors -, Ruben Dwijaya Setyo Atmojo Abdul Hakim Abdul Hakim Abdul Hakim Abelia, Adinda Adwidya, Clementine Widyadhari Btari aldo hendrian Almira Ulimaz Amida Sekar Kinasih Tanatti Andreas Haryono Angelia Belinda Aryandi, Demitri Fernando Putra Astawa, Kevin Christian Dwi Putra Atti Yudiernawati, Atti Aulia Putri Restu Rahayu Azha Satirah Khairunnisa Azzaria, Ainu Bisma Nanda Satria Broto, Felik Sad Windu Wisnu Cataryana Lenny Dwi Rizka Cataryna Lenny Dwi Rizka Chandra, Melvin Natalino Chatif Kunjaya Chavia Zagita Christian Adri Wibisono Hartanto Christianie Tandyo, Nathasya Christofani Gracia Retno Palupi Danendra Khansa Pallas Wahyudi Danendra, Steven Debora Rose M Denny Lukianto Kumala Diana Karlina W.P. Dinata, Kevin Diovianto Putra Rakhmadani Dwi Marta Susanti Edy Suprapto Ellenora Gracia Soejanto Elmira Siska Fajar, Hans Kristian Putra Farhan A. Ekadana Fatkha, Billah FELICIA Felik S.W.W Broto Felik Sad Windu Wisnu Broto Fitri Shinta Dewi Gabrella Felicia Soebagio Gabriele Yosefhine Giovanni, George Giant Gracecilla Aprillia Immanuel Halim, Alfredo Oka Handiyanto, Ramada Aji Hariyono, Patricia Ibi Hartanto, Christian Adri Wibisono Hizkia Vitor Tjahyono Imanuelita, Graciela Christabel Ingrid Valentina Irawan, Paulus Lucky Tirma Isabella Ester Eka Sandaa Joanna Melodya Johansah Wirabuana Susekti Jujuk Ferdianto Karlina W.P., Diana Kasmudin Mustapa Khalila Adra Mazalisa Mahardi Khasanah Khasanah Krisnadiva, Ezraliano Sachio Kunjaya, Chatif Luis Murti M. Syukri Azwar Lubis Mayank Angelin Melany Agustina Melany Melany Melvin N. Chandra Merlin Widiya Rezkita Michael Caesario Septiadi Michael Fernando Soegiono Miftakhul Jannah Mohamad Doris Sambodo Putro Muhammad Surya Dwilaksana Putra Murti, Luis Mustaji Natasha Christita Setiyono Natasha Christita Setiyono Ningrum, Ayu Sekar Ningtris, Wahyu Utami Novitasan, Stephanie Kartika Nuri Nugraha Adhie Prima Nugroho, Didit Prasetyo Nurul Iskandar Nurwegiono, Muhammad Onggara, Hendrianto P, yogi ariyanto P, yogi ariyanto Palupi, Christofani Gracia Retno Pandyawan Kusumo Kresno Putro Pasla, Peter R Y Paulus Lucky Tirma Irawan Peter R Y Pasla Peter Remy Yosy Pasla Ponco Warni Pratomo, Antoni Roozaq Prayogo, Aaron Christoperus Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo, Cynthia Agelina Putra, Jeffrey Andika Putrianto, Novenda Kartika Putro, Pandyawan Kusumo Kresno Rachmasari, Fitria Melati Rambu Beatrix Hamu Eti Kapita Riana Isti Muslikhah Richard Soegiarto Ronald Dwi Nompunu Rudy Setiawan Rudy Setiawan Rusmawati, Retno Danu Ruth Febriana Kesuma Salim, Vannes Yanuarta Salsabiila, Elsa Samuel Ari Yudha Anggara Saragi, Aprizal Ferdinand Satria, Bisma Nanda Sentosa, Verryan Bagus Setiawan, Rudy Setiyono, Natasha Christita Setyawan, Andy Sherlyna Dwike Yolanda Oktavianes Soebagio, Gabrella Felicia Stefanus Christian Gunawan Stefanus Yufra M. Taneo Stephanie Stephanie Kartika Nuri Novitasan Stevanoes, Alvian Supriyanto Supriyanto Susekti, Johansah Wirabuana Sutanto, Melvin Gerian Tanatti, Amida Sekar Kinasih Tandianus, Yohanes Pebvikho Taneo, Stefanus Y M Tansa Wiguna Tarigan, Ketangkasen Ekklesia Martina Tavip Dwi Wahyuni Trisna, Amadea Ayu v, Demitri Fernando Putra Vennina Githa Ananta Vidiasasti, Wangi Vincentius Alfredo Vintreswari, Regina Sheren Putri Virania Agnes Setyowati Warni, Ponco Wawan Gunawan Wawan Gunawan Widyadhana, Felicia Evan Wijaya, Jose Fernando Wijaya, Leonardo Steven Windy Aprilia Handoyo Wulandari, Yohana Yosua Daniel Chandra Yuliermawan, Albertus Bryan Yuswanto Yuswanto Yuswono Hadi Yuvela Handriani