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Journal : JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of 70% Ethanol Extract of Gendarusa Leaves In Vivo Luthfiatu Kanina; Mabluhatus Solehah; Hani Plumeriastuti; Retno Widyowati; Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i12022.39-47

Abstract

Background: Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., has been used traditionally in Indonesia for antifertility. Nowadays, a capsule containing 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves has been studied for safety. Objective: This study aimed to determine the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves in vivo. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 2,000"‰mg/Kg BW was orally administered to mice (n = 10), which were monitored for 24"‰days. For the subchronic toxicity study, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). The control group received distilled water, while the treatment groups received a repeated dose of 40, 200, and 1,000 mg/Kg BW orally for 90 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical evaluations. Gross pathology and histopathology of liver and kidneys were assessed. Results: No mortality and non-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were observed in the acute toxicity study. The hematological analysis did not show significant differences in the subchronic toxicity study. The SPGT, SGOT, and creatinine values showed no change in groups 2 and 4, but the level of SGPT increased in groups 3. The increasing level of BUN was observed in all treated groups. Abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver and kidney in groups 3 and 4. Conclusions: Using 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves at a therapeutic dose is safer, but it needs attention at a higher dose.
Ethnomedicine Study on Justicia gendarussa for Male Contraception at the Nimboran Ethnic, Jayapura Niluh Indrawati; Retno Widyowati; Pilipus Kopeuw; Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v9i12022.55-61

Abstract

Background: Justicia gendarussa from Papua has traditionally been used for the treatment of several diseases, and phytochemical studies have been carried out since 1987. Objective: This study aimed to determine the use of this plant as a male contraceptive that the Nimboran Ethnic and their perspectives have long used. Method: A qualitative method with an ethnographic approach was used, while data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Result: The results showed that 44% of people use it to delay pregnancy, 24% due to young marriage with poor economic conditions, 14% after moving to another place 12% because of tribal wars over fertile land to multiply offspring. The preparation and usage of this plant through the collection, mixing, and manufacturing method and in terms of dosage, time, and duration of use were explored more deeply by conducting interviews with 50 informants. The effectiveness and success as a method of contraception are presented in the way the community has known the plant over different generations, and this method is still used as an alternative option considering the very wide area profile from one place to another. Conclusion: Justicia gendarussa is used by the Nimboran Ethnic group as an ingredient in traditional medicines, especially for male contraception.
Optimization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Combining Red Ginger and Aromatic Ginger Extracts to Improve Solubilization and Stability Hindiana, Linda; Widyowati, Retno; Sukardiman
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v12i32025.355-363

Abstract

Background: Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) and aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.) are traditional Indonesian medicinal plants with proven pharmacological activity, but their poor aqueous solubility requires formulation strategies to enhance solubilization and physical stability. Objective: This study aimed to optimize and evaluate a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) combining red ginger and aromatic ginger. Methods: The optimization was conducted by varying the oil-to-Smix ratio and extract concentration, while the internal Smix composition (Tween 80: PEG 400 = 1:2.8 w/w) remained constant to isolate the effect of oil–surfactant proportion. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Tween 80, and PEG 400 were used as the oil phase, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. Three formulas were prepared based on oil-to-Smix (w/w): Formula A (1:4.68, 500 mg extract), Formula B (1:10.6, 500 mg extract), and Formula C (1:10.6, 460 mg extract). Physical characterization included visual observation, centrifugation, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and transmittance before and after thermodynamic stability tests. Results: Formula A was unstable and exhibited precipitation. Before stability testing, Formula C showed improved dispersion, with a 41.5% reduction in droplet size and a 79.9% decrease in PDI relative to Formula B. After stability testing, Formula C demonstrated markedly better performance, including an 85.5% smaller droplet size, 81.4% lower PDI, and a 2.4% increase in transmittance compared with Formula B. These quantitative improvements indicated that Formula C exhibited more optimal solubilization capacity and physical stability. Conclusion: This study concludes that extract concentration and the oil-to-Smix ratio significantly influence SNEDDS characteristics, and Formula C represents the most favorable formulation for further development.
Co-Authors Akbar, Achmad Naufal Maulana Aly, M. Ainun Najib Amalia, Savira Rizky Meisya Andang Miatmoko Anggara Satria Putra, Anggara Satria Arum Widiyaningsih Aty Widyawaruyanti Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo Bambang Prajogo EW Bobsaid, Jihan Burhan Ma'arif Devitri, Nabilah Apsari Dewi Lestari Dewi Melani Hariyadi Ekapratista, Belinda Nabilah Favian Rafif Firdaus Firdaus, Favian Rafif Fridayanti S, Septia Indah Haliza, Nabila Nur Hani Plumeriastuti Haq, Nimas Rizqi Firdausy Hardiyanti, Andi Sry Hardiyanti, Merry Hening Laswati Putra Hindiana, Linda Idha Kusumawati Iis Wahyuningsih Imam Subadi Irawati Sholikhah Istiqamah, Farida J. A. Pangkahila Jaelani, Mochammad Iqbal Kholis Amalia Nofianti Laksmi, Farika Dyani Laksmi Luthfiatu Kanina Luthfiatu Kanina Ma'arif, Burhan Mabluhatus Solehah Mahalaksmi, Alika Sabrina Mangestuti Agil Marta Ika Riyana Munandar, Tristiana Erawati Naima, Fathnin Ulya Najlaa, Fatimah Ahla Nareswari, Andwynanda Bhadra Neni Purwitasari Niluh Indrawati Noorma Rosita Novian, Farah Kusuma Wardhani Nur Irhamni Sabrina Pilipus Kopeuw Pradnyanantha, I Putu Bagus Pramesti, Ragil Putri Pratama, Edo Pratiwi Soesilawati Purwitasari, Neni Purwitasari, Neny Putri, Anisa Yustikka Putri, Yushalluuna Bekti Pasuka Rahman, Ave Rakhmawati - - Rania, Athaya Putri Rice Disi Oktarina Rizkyah, Chaerini Sahu, Ram Kumar Salam, Anisa Rakhmania Samudra, Rizka Putra Sari, Trisiyana Sholika SETIAWAN, Catur Dian Shaffiqa, Nurul Sri Wahyuni, Tutik Subhan Rullyansyah Suciati Suciati Suciati Suciati Suciati Suciati Sudjarwo Sudjarwo Sukardiman Sulistiyono, Ilham Robbynoor Suryadi, A. Mu’thi Andy Syahrani, Achmad Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman Tri Widiandani Tristiana Erawati Tutik Sri Wahyuni Ummah, Rokhmatul Wardhana, Brahma Wisnu Kusuma Wardoyo, Bambang Prajogo Eko Widiyaningsih, Arum Windianto, Farhan Rizqi Wiwied Ekasari Wiwik Handayani Yakub, Nikolas Zulfah, Yasmin