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Evaluating the Role of BRICS in Shaping Global Economic Governance: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Approaches and Outcomes Haryono, Haryono; Utari, Woro; Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Endarto, Budi; Sanusi, Ruchan
The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship Vol. 3 No. 02 (2024): The Es Economics And Entrepreneurship (ESEE)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/esee.v3i02.400

Abstract

This study evaluates the role of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in shaping global economic governance through a normative analysis of policy approaches and outcomes. By examining the collective strategies and individual priorities of BRICS nations, the research highlights their contributions to global economic equity, inclusivity, and sustainability. Key initiatives, such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), are analyzed to assess their practical impact and alignment with normative principles. While BRICS has made significant strides in promoting reforms and fostering multilateral cooperation, internal tensions and geopolitical challenges have limited its ability to present a cohesive front. This study concludes that BRICS has substantial potential to redefine global governance, provided it strengthens internal unity and enhances its normative vision for a more inclusive international system.
The Role of Carbon Trading in Climate Change Mitigation: A Juridical Analysis of Policies and Regulations in Environmental Law in Indonesia Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Soraya, Joice; Nurani, Juli
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v3i01.356

Abstract

This paper examines the role of carbon trading in climate change mitigation through a juridical analysis of Indonesia's environmental law and regulatory frameworks. Carbon trading has emerged as a critical tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but its success depends on the strength of the legal and regulatory systems supporting it. By analyzing Indonesia’s Carbon Economic Value policy, environmental laws, and international commitments such as the Paris Agreement, this study identifies key regulatory gaps, overlapping jurisdictional issues, and enforcement challenges. The findings highlight the need for stronger monitoring, reporting, and verification mechanisms, as well as clearer regulatory frameworks to ensure the effectiveness of carbon trading in Indonesia. Recommendations are made to enhance institutional capacity, align national policies with international standards, and promote private sector participation. These improvements are crucial for achieving Indonesia’s emissions reduction targets and contributing to global climate change efforts.
The Urgency of Reforming Indonesian Arbitration Law From a Paradigmatic Perspective Taufiqurrahman, Taufiqurrahman; Endarto, Budi
Arena Hukum Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum2024.01702.7

Abstract

Over time, a growing interest has emerged among various stakeholders in reforming Indonesia’s Law No. 30 concerning arbitration and alternative dispute resolution. The existing Arbitration Law is increasingly viewed as outdated and misaligned with global developments in arbitration. While the need to update Indonesia’s Arbitration Law is evident, it is essential to approach this reform with a well-defined direction rather than merely following current trends without purpose. This study explores the foundational paradigms that could guide Indonesia’s Arbitration Law reform. The study employs a normative legal research method, utilising both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings suggest that the universalistic particularism paradigm could serve as a basis for reforming Indonesian Arbitration Law. It is recommended that the current Arbitration Law be maintained for domestic arbitration, while the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration should be adopted for international arbitration matters.
Legal Framework and Law Enforcement of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia: A Normative Juridical Approach to the Protection of Maritime Sovereignty Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Hartantien, Sinarianda Kurnia; Kumalasari, Dewi Ratih; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi
West Science Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Law and Human Rights
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wslhr.v3i01.1652

Abstract

The paper will attempt to discuss illegal fishing in Indonesia from a legal framework and law enforcement perspective and its implications for the protection of maritime sovereignty. Based on this, the research will apply a normative juridical approach, studying in detail the laws, regulations, and practices of enforcement and the various challenges and opportunities arising out of them. Indnesia legal framework through the Fisheries Law no 45 of 2009 and the Presidential Decree no. 115 of 2015 set a good backbone regarding IUU fishing activities; still, poor enforcement is highly seen due to shortcomings in limited resources, corruption, fragmented jurisdiction, and less international cooperation. The paper analyses these discrepancies and assesses Indonesia's current legislation and the efforts carried out on tackling IUU in comparison to relevant international practices. It also gives some recommendations on how to strengthen the legal definition, mechanisms of enforcement, increasing resource allocations, and improvement in international cooperation. The result shows that integrated efforts with more transparency and accountability are needed in order to properly protect Indonesia's maritime sovereignty effectively.
The Role of Labor Law in Settling Industrial Relations Disputes: A Normative Juridical Perspective on the Rights of Workers and the Obligations of Employers in Indonesia Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Nuroini, Indi; Hananto, Hananto
West Science Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Law and Human Rights
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wslhr.v3i01.1653

Abstract

This research reviews labor law's role in the settlement of disputes in industrial relations within a normative juridical perspective in Indonesia. The research focuses on workers' rights and employers' obligations under Indonesia's labor legislation, mainly Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 (the Labor Law). The study examines dispute resolution mechanisms, such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration through the PHI, their effectiveness in protecting workers' rights, and how well employers adhere to the law. From the results, it is learned that negotiation and mediation are effective at the starting stage, but due to power imbalance and delayed processing in the judicial system, comprehensive settlements could not be achieved. Moreover, inconsistent court decisions, weak enforcement of workers' rights, and lack of adequate union representation remain critical. Concluding, the paper provides recommendations on how Indonesia can better settle labor disputes by strengthening mechanisms for mediation and arbitration, enhancing judicial capacity, and effective enforcement of workers' rights.
Civil Liability for Environmental Damage in Indonesia: An Assessment of Carbon Trading Mechanism's Role for Corporate Responsibility Promotion Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Soraya, Joice; Hidayat, Ahmad
West Science Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Law and Human Rights
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wslhr.v3i01.1657

Abstract

The paper discusses civil liability for environmental damages in Indonesia, considering the carbon trading mechanisms role in promoting corporate responsibility. Hence, this research has adopted a normative approach, analyzing the existing juridical framework that governs environmental damage and discussing to what extent carbon markets, among other emissions trading systems or carbon taxes, can serve complementary functions of incentivizing corporations toward environmentally responsible behavior. The study identifies loopholes within Indonesia's legal system, particularly for the enforcement of environmental liability laws, and discusses how carbon trading could supplement these deficiencies through financial incentives for reducing emissions. The results show that while the mechanisms of carbon trading hold great potential to promote corporate responsibility, their effectiveness relies on robust market infrastructure, sound systems of monitoring and verification, and integration with existing policies on the environment. The study also finds that to enhance corporate environmental accountability in Indonesia, a combination between legal liability and market-driven incentives is essential.
Civil Remedies for Environmental Damage: Exploring the Effectiveness of Carbon Trading as a Tool for Restoration in Indonesia Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Soraya, Joice; Munawaroh, Siti
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v3i02.436

Abstract

This paper discusses the effectiveness of carbon trading as a civil remedy for environmental damage in Indonesia through a juridical normative analysis. The research explores Indonesia's legal framework governing carbon trading, its implementation, and its alignment with principles such as "polluter pays" and sustainable development. The key findings profile the potential of carbon trading in financing environmental restoration, for example, reforestation and peatland rehabilitation, but are faced by challenges such as regulatory gaps, low institutional capacity, and issues of transparency. This study calls for integration of legislative reforms, increased oversight, and coordination from all stakeholders toward the best implementation of carbon trading for environmental degradation. Coupling carbon trading with civil liability mechanisms is advanced here as a means to enhance accountability and restoration outcomes.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sanctions in Indonesia's Illegal Logging Law: A Normative Juridical Approach to Strengthening Environmental Protection Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryadi, Wahyu Tris; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Sumaryanto, Djoko
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v3i02.464

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of sanctions within Indonesia's legal framework for addressing illegal logging, focusing on the implementation of Law No. 18 of 2013 on Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines the current legal sanctions, their enforcement, and their impact on forest conservation efforts. Findings indicate that while the legal provisions establish substantial penalties, the application of sanctions suffers from inconsistency, corruption, weak enforcement mechanisms, and inadequate institutional capacity. Comparative analysis with international best practices reveals potential improvements, such as the use of satellite monitoring, stronger corporate accountability, and community-based forest management. The study proposes a series of policy recommendations, including the enhancement of penalties, the integration of advanced monitoring technologies, and the promotion of restorative justice practices. By addressing these gaps, Indonesia can strengthen its efforts to combat illegal logging and ensure more effective environmental protection.
A Holistic Approach to Carbon Trading Based on AI, Blockchain, and Satellite Data: A Study on East Java Protected Forest Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v3i03.1803

Abstract

This study explores a holistic approach to carbon trading by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to address challenges in managing East Java’s protected forests. AI models were utilized to estimate carbon stocks with high accuracy, while blockchain ensured transparent and secure carbon credit transactions. GIS analysis provided real-time monitoring of forest dynamics and identified high-priority zones for carbon trading. The integrated framework demonstrated significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and stakeholder trust compared to traditional methods. The study concludes that this approach is a scalable and effective solution for enhancing carbon trading systems and contributing to sustainable forest management in Indonesia.
Modeling Carbon Trade with Satellite Approach and AI Technology: A Sustainable Solution for REDD+ Scheme in Indonesia Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Nature and Technology Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Nature and Technology
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsnt.v3i01.1804

Abstract

The increasing urgency to mitigate climate change has intensified the need for effective carbon trading mechanisms, particularly under the REDD+ scheme. This study explores the potential of integrating satellite technology, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to develop a sustainable carbon trade model tailored to Indonesia’s unique environmental and policy landscape. The research focuses on deforestation hotspots in Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Papua, leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery and machine learning algorithms for precise carbon stock estimation. Results indicate significant deforestation trends, with an average annual loss of 1.2% of forest cover and 320 million metric tons of carbon over the past decade. AI-powered predictive models achieved 92% accuracy in identifying deforestation hotspots and estimating carbon stocks, underscoring their utility in enhancing Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems. Policy analysis highlights critical gaps in enforcement and community participation. This study proposes a scalable and transparent carbon trade model that aligns with REDD+ objectives, fostering equitable and sustainable climate solutions for Indonesia.