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All Journal Arena Hukum Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Jurnal Panorama Hukum Bina Hukum Lingkungan Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Prosiding Conference on Research and Community Services Jurnal Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Prosiding Konferensi Nasional PKM-CSR Bina Hukum Lingkungan Wijaya Putra Law Review The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights West Science Law and Human Rights West Science Interdisciplinary Studies West Science Interdisciplinary Studies West Science Social and Humanities Studies Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Wijaya Putra West Science Nature and Technology Terang: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science
Budi Endarto
Universitas Wijaya Putra
Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Utilizing AI and Satellite Technology to Measure the Effectiveness of Carbon Trading in East Java Protected Forests Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Nature and Technology Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Nature and Technology
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsnt.v3i01.1805

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for measuring the impact of carbon trading initiatives on East Java's protected forests. The research integrates satellite imagery, AI-driven land-use classification, and carbon stock analysis to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social outcomes of these programs. Key findings indicate a significant reduction in deforestation and an increase in carbon sequestration, driven by targeted reforestation efforts and financial incentives from carbon trading. Socioeconomic benefits, including enhanced community livelihoods and reduced reliance on unsustainable practices, further underscore the program's success. However, challenges such as leakage effects and data inconsistencies highlight areas requiring improvement. The study concludes that advanced technologies, when effectively integrated, offer transformative potential for sustainable forest management and carbon trading efficacy in Indonesia.
A Holistic Approach to Carbon Trading Based on AI, Blockchain, and Satellite Data: A Study on East Java Protected Forest Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v3i03.1803

Abstract

This study explores a holistic approach to carbon trading by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to address challenges in managing East Java’s protected forests. AI models were utilized to estimate carbon stocks with high accuracy, while blockchain ensured transparent and secure carbon credit transactions. GIS analysis provided real-time monitoring of forest dynamics and identified high-priority zones for carbon trading. The integrated framework demonstrated significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and stakeholder trust compared to traditional methods. The study concludes that this approach is a scalable and effective solution for enhancing carbon trading systems and contributing to sustainable forest management in Indonesia.
Analysis of Blockchain Integration in Carbon Trade Management: A Perspective on Forest Cover and REDD+ Schemes in Indonesia Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Social and Humanities Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsshs.v3i03.1806

Abstract

The integration of blockchain technology in carbon trade management offers transformative potential for improving transparency, monitoring, and efficiency in Indonesia's REDD+ schemes. This study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing data from three informants—a blockchain expert, an environmental policymaker, and a conservationist—using NVivo software for thematic analysis. Findings reveal that blockchain enhances transparency and trust, streamlines Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) processes, and addresses challenges in carbon trade systems. However, barriers such as infrastructure gaps, high implementation costs, and regulatory ambiguities remain. The study underscores the need for targeted capacity building, pilot programs, and robust policy frameworks to enable effective blockchain adoption in Indonesia's carbon markets.
Integrative Blockchain for Transparency and Efficiency of Carbon Trade Marketing Model in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru Region Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Social and Humanities Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsshs.v3i03.1807

Abstract

The integration of blockchain technology with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers an innovative solution for enhancing transparency and efficiency in carbon trade marketing. This study explores the development of an integrative blockchain-based carbon trade marketing model for the Bromo-Tengger-Semeru region, utilizing GIS analysis for spatial verification and dynamic monitoring of carbon stock. Results indicate significant carbon sequestration potential in the region, with high carbon stock zones and reforestation opportunities identified through GIS. The blockchain system improves transaction transparency, traceability, and efficiency through the use of smart contracts and decentralized ledgers. Stakeholder workshops demonstrated strong support for the proposed model, emphasizing its potential to overcome existing challenges in carbon trading. The integration of GIS and blockchain ensures spatial accuracy and enhances stakeholder confidence, making it a viable approach for scaling carbon trade initiatives. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable carbon trade practices, offering a replicable model for other regions.
Legal Framework and Taxation Challenges on Digital Services in Indonesia: A Normative Legal Analysis Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Sanusi, Ruchan; Prayogi, Yoga Adi
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v3i03.649

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital services in Indonesia has introduced significant challenges to its legal and taxation frameworks. This study employs a normative legal analysis to explore gaps and inefficiencies in Indonesia's existing regulations, with a focus on the taxation of digital services. While initiatives such as VAT on digital goods and services (PMK 48/2020) have broadened the tax base, enforcement and compliance challenges persist, particularly for non-resident providers. Comparative analysis with global frameworks, such as the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative and the EU’s Digital Services Tax (DST), highlights potential pathways for reform tailored to Indonesia’s context. The study concludes with recommendations for harmonized legal frameworks, strengthened enforcement mechanisms, and policies balancing innovation with fair taxation. These reforms are essential for Indonesia to achieve a sustainable and equitable digital economy.
Legal Framework and Law Enforcement of Illegal Mining in Indonesia: A Normative Jurisdictional Analysis of the Implications of Environmental Law and Criminal Law Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Kunarso, Kunarso
West Science Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): West Science Law and Human Rights
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wslhr.v3i02.1865

Abstract

This paper explores the legal framework and law enforcement mechanisms regarding illegal mining in Indonesia, focusing on the implications for environmental protection and criminal accountability. The study employs a normative juridical analysis to examine the existing laws, including the Mining Law No. 4 of 2009, Environmental Law No. 32 of 2009, and the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). The paper highlights the gaps in the legal system, such as weak enforcement, inadequate penalties, and the challenges posed by corruption within local authorities. It also assesses the social and environmental consequences of illegal mining, including deforestation, pollution, and the exploitation of local communities. The findings suggest that while Indonesia has a comprehensive legal framework, the effectiveness of its enforcement mechanisms remains insufficient. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes recommendations to strengthen law enforcement, improve penalties, combat corruption, and support alternative livelihoods for communities affected by illegal mining.
The Legal Framework for Carbon Trading: Examining its Juridical Implications for Civil Liability and Environmental Responsibility in Indonesia Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Soraya, Joice; Santoso, Bagus Teguh
West Science Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): West Science Law and Human Rights
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wslhr.v3i02.1866

Abstract

The Indonesian legislation on carbon trading is a key instrument for national and global climate targets. This analysis, according to the present study, utilizes a normative juridical model in viewing Indonesia's carbon trading law and focusing on implications toward civil liability and environmental obligation. The findings suggest that while the model is aligned with international norms and is multi-carbon price inclusive, it is beset with enforcement uncertainties, uncemented provisions of civil liability, and weakly constructed monitoring mechanisms. Additionally, the absence of adequate community participation mechanisms is not only an issue of equity and social inclusion. In learning from global best practices, such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and China's national carbon market, the research identifies areas of improvement that involve enhancing legal clarity, enforcement mechanisms, and environmental responsibility. These are key in ensuring that Indonesia's carbon trading system has a sufficient contribution to promote both legal accountability and environmental sustainability.
Aspek Hukum Pembiayaan Konversi Kendaraan Listrik Berbasis Baterai melalui Green Bond Endarto, Budi; Hadi, Fikri; Fithri, Nur Hidayatul
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 9, Nomor 1, Oktober 2024
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24970/bhl.v9i1.249

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemerintah saat ini aktif mendorong konversi kendaraan listrik seiring dengan komitmen Indonesia dalam Perjanjian Paris dan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs) PBB. Langkah nyatanya adalah dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan Presiden Nomor 55 Tahun 2019 tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai. Untuk mendukung hal itu, pemerintah telah mengalokasikan anggaran subsidi sebesar Rp1,4 triliun guna memberikan potongan biaya konversi sepeda motor sebesar Rp7 juta per-unit. Namun, percepatan program ini akan sulit tercapai bila hanya mengandalkan anggaran yang bersumberkan dari negara. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan skema pembiayaan alternatif. Penelitian ini menawarkan green bond (obligasi hijau) sebagai salah satu solusinya, dengan fokus menganalisis aspek yuridis dan arah kebijakannya untuk pembiayaan konversi kendaraan listrik. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, perbandingan, dan analisis ekonomi hukum (economic analysis of law). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa green bond layak dijadikan skema pembiayaan karena sesuai dengan POJK No. 18 Tahun 2023. Aturan ini menyatakan bahwa dana green bond dapat dialokasikan untuk kegiatan usaha berwawasan lingkungan, termasuk transportasi ramah lingkungan seperti kendaraan listrik. Kedepan, diperlukan peran serta pemerintah, OJK, dan sektor terkait melalui pemberian insentif untuk mengoptimalkan potensi instrumen keuangan ini.Kata kunci: green bond; konversi; kendaraan listrik. ABSTRACTThe government is currently implementing measures to encourage the conversion of electric vehicles, in accordance with Indonesia's commitment to the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The pivotal step in this process is the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019, which pertains to the Acceleration of the Battery-Based Electric Motor Vehicle Program. In order to provide support for this initiative, the government has allocated a subsidy budget of Rp 1.4 trillion to provide a discounted motorcycle conversion fee of Rp 7 million per unit. Nevertheless, the acceleration of this programme may encounter challenges if it is contingent on state budgetary resources alone. Consequently, there is an imperative to devise alternative financing schemes. This research posits green bonds as a potential solution, with a particular emphasis on the analysis of legal aspects and policy directions for financing the conversion of electric vehicles. The methodology employed in this study is legal research, encompassing statute, conceptual, comparative, and economic analysis of law approaches. The findings indicate that green bonds are a viable financing scheme, as they are in alignment with POJK No. 18 of 2023. The regulation stipulates that financial resources allocated to green bond funds may be utilised for environmentally sound business activities, including the promotion of environmentally friendly transportation methods, such as electric vehicles. In order to optimise the potential of this financial instrument, it is essential that the government, OJK, and related sectors participate in future initiatives by providing incentives.Keywords: conversion; electric vehicle; green bond.
POLITIK HUKUM GREEN BOND DI INDONESIA Endarto, Budi; Hadi, Fikri; Fithri, Nur Hidayatul
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 7, Nomor 1, Oktober 2022
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (201.265 KB)

Abstract

Pembangunan Berkelanjutan saat ini menjadi acuan utama terhadap proses perencanaan serta penyelenggaraan pembangunan di Indonesia. Pembangunan berkelanjutan tersebut melahirkan konsep keuangan berkelanjutan. Salah satu implementasinya adalah adanya Efek Bersifat Utang Berwawasan Lingkungan atau green bond pada Pasar Modal di Indonesia. Mengingat Istilah green bond masih sangat baru pada sistem Pasar Modal di Indonesia dan kajian mengenai green bond di Indonesia masih jarang, maka artikel ini akan membahas mengenai bagaimana politik hukum green bond di Indonesia dan arah kebijakan green bond di Indonesia yang akan datang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan jenis eksploratif. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan dan historis. Artikel ini memberikan eksplanasi serta preskripsi mengenai pengaturan green bond di pasar modal Indonesia dalam rangka mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan paradigma terhadap pembangunan nasional dengan ditetapkannya lingkungan sehat sebagai salah satu hak asasi pada amandemen UUD 1945. Implementasinya, setiap pembangunan harus memperhatikan aspek lingkungan hidup, salah satunya melalui instrument green bond. Kedepan diharapkan agar memperkuat instrument yuridis green bond yang saat ini masih berlandaskan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Salah satunya dengan memasukkan konsep green bond pada Rancangan Undang-Undang Energi Baru dan Terbarukan maupun Rancangan Perubahan Undang-Undang tentang Pasar Modal.
Intellectual Property Rights in BRICS Countries: Legal Frameworks, Enforcement Challenges, and Economic Implications Haryono, Haryono; Utari, Woro; Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Endarto, Budi; Santoso, Bagus Teguh
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2 No. 12 (2024): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v2i12.1550

Abstract

This study explores the legal frameworks, enforcement challenges, and economic implications of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—using a normative juridical approach and qualitative analysis. The findings reveal significant disparities in the governance of IPR among these nations, with China and India leading in innovation and enforcement reforms, while Brazil, Russia, and South Africa face persistent challenges related to institutional capacity and judicial delays. Despite progress in aligning with international standards such as TRIPS, enforcement gaps and socio-economic priorities influence the effectiveness of IPR systems. The study also highlights the dual economic impact of IPR: fostering innovation and investment while raising concerns over access to essential goods. This research underscores the need for harmonized frameworks, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and a balanced approach to innovation and equity in BRICS countries.
Co-Authors Ahmad Hidayat Arief Rahman Arief Syahrul Alam Bagus Teguh Santoso bagus teguh santoso, bagus teguh Chamdani Chamdani Chamdani Chamdani Chamdani, Chamdani Dani Teguh Wibowo Diah Ayu Rahmawati Dwi Elok Indriastuty Eko Prasetyo Eko Prasetyo Erry Meta Farina Gandryani Fikri Hadi Fitra Mardiana Hananto, Hananto Hartantien, Sinarianda Kurnia Haryadi, Wahyu Tris Haryono Haryono Haryono Haryono Indah Epriliati Indrajaja, Nobella Joice Soraya Joko Ismono Kumalasari, Dewi Ratih Kunarso Kunarso Kusnadi, Sekar Ayumeida Mochammad Muchid Mochammad Muchid, Mochammad Mochammad Suhadi Muhamad Chaidar Muhammad Harist Murdani Ngaisah, Siti Nobella Indradjaja Nobella Indradjaja Nobella Indradjaja Nur Hidayatul Fithri Nurani, Juli Nuroini, Indi Prayogi, Yoga Adi Priyambudi, Surya Rahmawati, Diah Ayu Rifki Fahrial Zainal Sanusi, Ruchan Sekaring Ayumeida Kusnadi Siti Munawaroh Sumaryanto, Djoko Suryo Atmojo, Suryo Suwarno Abadi Syafii Syafii . Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman Wijayanti, Galuh Cahya Woro Utari