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Torefaksi Batang Sawit : Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Nilai Kalor Produk Torefaksi Monika Shecilia; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Oil palm trunk can be used as alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel by heating within temperature range of 200-300oC in an inert environment. This research aims to result solid fuel from oil palm trunk through torrefaction, to study the effect of process variabel interaction and to study the characteristic of solid fuel resulted. Torrefaction of oil palm trunk was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275oC), time (15-45 minutes) and nitrogen flow rate (50-150 ml/min). Responses resulted was calorific value and the result obtained for calorific value was 17.908 – 21.800 kJ/kg. The most affecting factor significantly towards the responses was temperature of torrefaction that followed by time and nitrogen flow rate. In optimum condition (temperature of 240,53°C for 15 minutes with nitrogen flow rate of 50 ml/menit) was obtained the optimum value of response for calorific value by 19.180,54 kJ/kg.Keywords: oil palm trunk, response surface methodology, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Studi Polimerisasi Ester Dari Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat (ALSD) Menggunakan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida 0,4 % Fitra Annisa; Zuchra Helwani; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a byproduct from palm oil processing industry that used as raw material for synthesis polyester based vegetable oil. The purpose of the research is to study polymerization reaction of ester from PFAD using inisiator benzoyl peroxide 0,4%. There are three step reaction in this research that was esterification, polymerization, and polyesterification. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reaction time 2 hours, reactant ratio 1:8 (ALSD : metanol), and concentration catalyst H2SO4 1% (w/w) ALSD. Polymerization stage was done at variation of temperature 120, 130, and 140oC and variation reaction time 3, 4, and 5 hours using initiator benzoyl peroxide 0,4% (w/w) methyl ester. Polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200oC, reaction time 4 hours, and ratio reactant 1:1 (polymerized methyl ester : ethylene glikol). Product was analyzed by using FT-IR, GC-MS, and viscosity. The result of FT-IR showed that vinyl group was presence who indicated double bonding was presence and polymerization was not occur. The result of GC-MS showed there had no change of molecular weight. And product with temperature 130oC and reaction time 5 hours has higher viscosity value.Keyword : benzoyl peroxide, esterification, PFAD, polymerization
Sintesis Hidroksiapatit melalui Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) dari Cangkang Kerang Darah dengan Metode Hidrotermal Pada Variasi pH Dan Suhu Operasi Wahyu Syafrima; Zuchra Helwani; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is a calcium phosphate compound which is a bioactive ceramic material with high bioafinitas. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) materials used as bone implants, adsorbents and catalysts. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite can be made by using material which is rich of CaCO3 like PCC blood calm shell with a composition of 95.5% CaCO3. In this research, PCC blood calm shell which has calcium source was synthesized to HAp by hydrothermal process. pH of the reaction (10, 11, 12) and reaction temperature (140oC, 160oC, 180oC) was be varied. The outcome of synthesis was characterized by using FTIR, XRD, SEM. The results of FTIR analysis, synthesis of HAp with hydrothermal method showed the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of peaks PO43- dan OH-. The highest peak is obtained at pH 10 at reaction temperature of 140oC, 160oC and 180oC. XRD diffraction results in hydroxyapatite get the highest crystallinity obtained at pH 10 at temperature of 180oC with a hexagonal crystal structure and produce a more pure hydroxyapatite. SEM results showed morphology with clots and irregular round shape.Keywords : PCC blood calm shell, pH, temperature, hydroxyapatite, hydrothermal method.
Pengaruh Kadar Asam Stearat,Mercaptodibenzothiazyldisulfide (MBTS) Dan Sulfur Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Thermoset Rubber Dengan Filler Carbon Black-Abu Terbang Sawit Mery Christina; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
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Crude palm oil wastes in the form of fly ash is potentially use as filler for thermoset rubber because it contains silica. This study aims to increase the mechanical and morphological properties of thermoset rubber which filled with mixture of carbon black and fly ash with particles size screened to 700-800nm. Stearic Acid, MBTS and sulfur contents were used 1; 2; 3 phr (per hundred rubber), 0.5; 1; 1.5 phr and 0.5; 1.5; 3 phr respectively. Rubber mastication process performed by a roll mill at room temperature and roll speed of 20 rpm until the texture is smooth and soft, then added minarex as a plasticizer, nanofiller, and other additives, such as ZnO as an activator, stearic acid as a co-activator, as antidegradant TMQ, MBTS as an accelerator and sulfur as a curative agent. Rubber mastication performed by a roll mill at room temperature and roll speed of 20 rpm. The overall duration of the manufacture of compound ±45 minutes. Vulcanization process using a hot press at a pressure of 200 kgf/cm2 and a temperature of 150 oC. Results showed that increased levels of stearic acid, MBTS and sulfur  is directly proportional to the tensile strength,  but yield elongation at break are varied. The best thermoset rubber in this study were obtained on samples having content of  stearic acid 3 phr, MBTS 1.5 phr and sulfur 3 phr with tensile strength values 19,05 MPa, 774.394 % elongation at break, hardness 52±5 shore A, abration 0,074 mm3/kg and 1,28% water absorption percentage. Keywords: carbon black, natural rubber, palm oil mill fly ash, vulcanizate
Pengaruh Variasi Kecepatan Putar, Temperatur Cetakan Dan Temperatur Tuang Terhadap Fluiditas Pengecoran Aluminium Kaleng Minuman Menggunakan Metode Qudong Andry Sutanto; Warman Fatra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Castability is a measur of the ability of an alloy to be formed according to the desired shape using a casting process, which is limited by fluidity. Qudong method 1999, used in this research with varying pouring temperature; 650oC, 700oC, 750oC, mold temperature; 100oC, 200oC, 300oC and cavity thickness; 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm. As an effort to increasing castability, this research giving a rotation to look the effect of variation mold temperature, pouring temperature and rotation. Fluidity increased with the increasing pouring temperature, mold temperatur and rotation. Fluidity increases with cavity thickness, maximum fluidity achieved at pouring temperature 750oC, mold temperature 300oC and rotation 1500rpm at 2.0-4.0 mm with a length of 120 mm and minimum fluidity can be filled with molten metal is at 0.5 mm with a length of 15.5 mm.Keywords : fluidity, molten aluminum cans, pour temperature, mold temperature, rotation.
Pemodelan Dan Simulasi Kinerja Downdraft Gasifier Menggunakan Teknik Minimisasi Energi Bebas Gibbs Rio Nanda Novendra; Zuchra Helwani; Sri Helianty; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Gibbs free energy minimization method has been used in modelling the performance of a downdraft gasifier. The performance is represented by the composition of resulting gas. Sixteen gases considered are H2, CO, CH4, H2O, CO2, N2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, NO, NO2, N2O, HCN, NH3, H2S and SO2. The simulation is carried out making used of EXCEL. The result showed that the predicted value of model fit reasonably well with experimental data. The model was also used to investigate the influence of biomass composition, oxidant ratio and composition of oxidizing agent to composition of the resulting gas. Three kinds of biomass considered are oil palm shell,oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch. The oxidant ratio simulated is varied from 0 to 1 while  composition of oxidizing agent is varied from 21% - 100% oxigen. The simulation result showed that those three parameters play an important role in gasification process which in combination can produce total H2 and CO up to more than 85%.Keyword : Gasification, modelling, downdraft gasifier, Gibbs free energy minimization
Penggunaan NI/NZA Sebagai Katalis Pada Proses Hidrodeoksigenasi Pirolisis Kulit Pinus (Pinus Merkussi Menjadi Bio-Oil Anna Apryana; Syaiful Bahri; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Dependence on fossil fuels as an energy source brings us to the energy crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce human dependence on non-renewable energy. One of them is to produce bio-oil from biomass are processed through hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis technology. One type of biomass that can be used as raw material, namely energy sources pine bark which is a waste of the pine trees. This research aims to produce bio-oil from the bark of pine (pine merkussi) as an alternative fuel, studied the effect of the weight ratio of the catalyst Ni / NZA against biomass, studied the effect of impregnated metal Nickel (Ni) in Natural Zeolite deAluminated (NZA) and characterization of physical properties and the chemistry of the bio-oil is produced. Hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 320 0C, silinap 500 ml, biomass 50 grams with a size of -100 + 200 mesh sieve, catalyst variation Ni / NZA of the biomass of 4%; 6% and 8% by weight and Ni metal impregnation variation of the Natural Zeolite deAluminated (NZA) of 0%; 1%; 2% and 3%. Results of this study produce bio-oil yields the largest on the use of the catalyst Ni / NZA 8% by weight of the metal content of 3% by 70.99%. Characterization of physical properties of bio-oil obtained in the form of density of 0.980 g / ml, 1,590 cSt viscosity, acidity 32.444 mg NaOH / gram sample, a flash point of 40 0C and calorific value of 44.509 MJ / kg. While the characterization of the chemical properties of bio-oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) in the can several dominant chemical components such as acetic acid as much as 34.47%, 3-furaldehyde as much as 13.01%, 2-propanone as much as 12.46%, a 1.2-Ethanediol as much as 9:49% and 2-butanone as much as 6.26%.Keywords: Bio-Oil, Catalyst Ni/NZA, Hydrodeoxygenation Pyrolysis , Pine Bark
Sawit Off Grade Sebagai Bahan Baku Alternatif Pembuatan Biodiesel Melalui Proses Dua Tahap Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Yang Dimodifikasi Ayu Naluri; Hari Rionaldo; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm off grade is a sort of CPO mill utilization which is not maximized. Palm off grade produced approximately 7-10% of the processing capacity of the plant CPO. Oil-palm off grade has a high free fatty acid contents, so it needs two stage process to produce biodiesel. The purpose of this research is to produce biodiesel with a maximum yield above 90%, determine the effectiveness of biodiesel production using a two-stage process with natural zeolite catalysts and determine the effect of temperature, mole ratio of oil : methanol and the concentration of catalyst to biodiesel yield. In this research, natural zeolite modified using 75% KOH solution. Then, biodiesel production have done in two stage, that was esterification and transesterification with variation of temperature (50°C, 60°C, 70°C), mole ratio of oil : methanol (1: 6, 1: 8, 1:10) and concentration of catalyst (2%-w, 4%-w, 6%-w) in transesterification. The highest yield of biodiesel is 96.99% at temperature 60°C, mole ratio of oil : methanol 1: 8 and concentration catalyst 4%-w. The result showed that the process conditions which influencing the yield of biodiesel is the reaction temperature and catalyst concentration.Keywords: biodiesel, natural zeolite, off grade palm oil, response surface methodology.
Proses Densifikasi Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Gliserol Sebagai Filler Menjadi Bahan Bakar Padat Jimmy Anderson; Zuchra Helwani; Komalasari Komalasari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm frond has been utilized only for raw source of animal feed, compost and organic fertilizer in plantation area. Oil palm fronds has calorific value of 15,184.05 kJ/kg with a density of 0.1383 g/cm3. Calorific value can be enhanced by densification. By biomass densification aims to increase density and decrease handling issue such as storage and transportation. The aims of this research is to produce solid fuel from palm fronds by densification process, to determine the characteristics of the product and to know the effect of gliserol as filler composition and pressing pressure in the processing by densification and also to know density, calorific value and proximate of product. The composition of gliserol filler used were 15%, 25% and 35%. Pressing pressure used were 50, 75 and 100 bar. The particle size used were < 850 μm. The highest density of the product is 1.07475 gr/cm3 was obtained at gliserol filler composition 35% and pressure 100 bar. The highest calorific value of the product is 16,928.12 kJ/kg was obtained at gliserol filler composition 35% filler and pressure 100 bar. The most affecting factor to caloric value and density are pressing pressure and filler composition.Keywords: calorific value, densification, density, filler, pressing pressure, palm fronds.
Karakterisasi Material Kemasan Pulp Cetak Tanpa Perekat Dari Pulp Batang Jagung Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman; Warman Fatra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Molded pulp is an alternative packaging which has renewable and biodegradable properties. The use of molded pulp as packaging material still constrained due to the specific data that describes the characteristics of molded pulp has not widely publicized yet. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of molded pulp as an alternative packaging material. Cornstalk was selected as raw materials which has abundant availabilty. Molded pulp packaging was manufactured by thermoformed methods. The thermoset nature of lignin in cornstalks would give possibilties in manufacture of molded pulp without using adhesive. The results showed the mechanical characteristics of binderless molded pulp from cornstalk pulp which have tensile index from 17.78 to 35.78 Nm/g, tear index from 9,25 to 26,09 mN.m2/g, and burst index from 0.901 to 1.5 kPa.m2/g. The effects of dependent variables on the mechanical properties of molded pulp were studied by statistical modelling using a polynomial second order. The empirical models were deduced to satisfactorily fit experimental data with the values of independent variables and allow to quantifiying the effects of each variables. The most influential factor on tensile and burst index of molded pulp was temperature of processing. Whereas, the processing pressure has greater influence on tear index of molded pulp.Keywords:material characterization; binderless, molded pulp; mechanical properties; statistical modelling.
Co-Authors Abd , Ammar Ali Abd Rahman, Sunarti Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Adrianto Ahmad Afriyenti, Mia Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad, Khairunnas Ahmudi, Ali Al Qohyum Fernando Amir Awaluddin Amun Amri Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anggraini, Diva Putri Anggriani, Rara Dewi Anna Apryana Anuar, Kaspul Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Arya Wiranata Asal Felix Mandrofa Asep Rusyana Aswie, Viqha Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Boy M Bachtiar Boy M. Bachtiar Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dhani Nur Miftahudin Diana S. Ningsih Dizikri, Dizikri Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrian Adhitya Febrina Dwi Putri Febrina Dwi Putri, Febrina Dwi Febrina, Wetri Febryanto Febryanto Fernando, Rivo Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Ghazi M. Idroes Ghazi Mauer Idroes Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hafiz, Fadlillahi Hamsar Hamsar Hanafi, Muhammad Rifter Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hasrul Hasrul Hawa, Karfika Ainil Hawa, Karfika Ainil Heni Sugesti Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Hutagaol, Martiandes Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idroes, Ghazi M. Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Indarty, Rozanna Sri Irfan Sarhadi Akbar Jecky Asmura Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Julhijah, Noni Karfika Ainil Hawa Karina Octaria Putri Kemala, Pati Kesni savitri Kesni Savitri Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairat Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komang, Hendri Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Vanizra F. Lukman Arifin M. Wahyu Nugraha Maulana, Aga Maulydia, Nur B. Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Dian Rizky Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Mardhiansyah Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muhammad Zen, Muhammad Muliadi Ramli Mulya, Dynna Ardilla Putri Muslim Abdurrahman, Muslim Mustapa Ardi Nabela, Tasya Nasution, Muhammad Hatta Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha Neonufa, Godlief Frederick Ni putu Vidya Primarista Ningsih, Diana S. Nirmala Sari Nur B. Maulydia Nur Khairiati Nurfatihayati Nurwijayanti Oktriyono, Febri Dwi Olsy, Fradilla Othman, Mohd. Roslee Pati Kemala Peliciamanuela, Samantha Prasetyo Arva S, Prasetyo Arva Pratama, Teddy Pratama, Yudistira Putra Zelly Nugraha, Putra Zelly Putra, Bayu Eldino Putra, Yogi Lesmana Putri Anjani Putri, Karina Octaria Putri, Karina Octaria Qalbi, Tiffani Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahayu, Ricky Puji Rahman, Sunarti Abd Raja Heru Nur Alam Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam Ramdhani Asywal Randi Sanjaya Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rendy Putra Perdana Reno Susanto Reski, M. Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rinaldi Idroes Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Rizki, Juliana Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Saparullah, Zulkarnaen Sari &#039; Ulfayana Saryono Saryono Setiadi, Fydel Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Simbolon, Kristin Madelin Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah Sitorus, Mesakh Fridolin Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sugesti, Heni Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Sukatin, Sukatin Sunarno Sunarno Surya, Andry Pratama Susanty, Wenny Susilowati Susilowati Syafi’i, Abdullah Syafrima Wahyu Syahputra, Dede Syaiful &#039; Bahri SYAIFUL BAHRI Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tengku Mukhlis Teuku Rizky Noviandy Topan Herianto Trina E. Tallei Trina E. Tallei, Trina E. TRINA EKAWATI TALLEI Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia Triyana Defi Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama Ulima, Riris Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Vito Oktariandi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Yemita, Sylvia Yogi Chandra Yudha, Ricky Satria Z Zulfansyah Zahriah, Zahriah Zohera Zohera Zul Amraini, Said Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar