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All Journal Jurnal Media Gizi Indonesia (MGI) Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) Jurnal SOLMA Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Yayasan RS.Dr. Soetomo SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes RI Pangkalpinang PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Ners JPM: JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT Mitra Raflesia (Journal of Health Science) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine ABDI MOESTOPO: Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Indonesia Journal of Nutrition Science Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Fatria Harwanto
Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
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PENGARUH SARAPAN PAGI TERHADAP KONSENTRASI DAN DAYA TANGGAP ANAK TK DI INDONESIA : LITERATURE REVIEW Sapitri, Meilani Dwi; Harwanto, Fatria
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v9i1.43278

Abstract

Sarapan pagi merupakan aktivitas penting yang berkontribusi pada pemenuhan kebutuhan energi dan gizi anak-anak, khususnya dalam meningkatkan konsentrasi dan daya tangkap mereka. Namun, masih banyak anak usia dini di Indonesia yang tidak sarapan atau mengonsumsi sarapan dengan kualitas gizi rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan konsentrasi dan daya tangkap anak TK di Indonesia melalui metode literatur review. Studi ini meninjau enam penelitian yang relevan dengan desain observasional deskriptif dan korelasional yang dilakukan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Literatur yang digunakan diperoleh dari database Google Schoolar dan Portal Garuda, dengan rentang tahun publikasi 2015 hingga 2024. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian literatur mencakup “Anak TK”, “Daya Tanggap”, “Gizi”, “Konsentrasi”, “Pengaruh Sarapan”. Studi yang terpilih kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan tujuan penelitian, metode yang digunakan, jumlah sampel, serta hasil utama yang di peroleh. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa anak yang rutin sarapan memiliki tingkat konsentrasi dan daya tangkap yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang tidak sarapan. Penelitian oleh Hastriati & Joni (2024) menemukan bahwa sarapan pagi berkontribusi sebesar 20,25% terhadap daya tangkap, sementara 79,75% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti pola tidur, aktivitas fisik, dan lingkungan belajar. Selain itu, studi oleh Karissa (2017) dan Putri (2020) menunjukkan bahwa anak yang tidak sarapan cenderung mengalami kelelahan, mudah mengantuk, dan kurang fokus dalam pembelajaran. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya kebijakan yang mendukung kebiasaan sarapan sehat bagi anak usia dini. Rekomendasi utama meliputi edukasi gizi kepada orang tua dan guru, penyediaan sarapan sehat di sekolah, serta peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya pola tidur dan aktivitas fisik untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi anak.
Edukasi Gizi dan Anemia pada Remaja Putri di Desa Menanti Kecamatan Kelekar Kabupaten Muara Enim Prautami, Erike Septa; Sari, Indah Purnama; Yuliana, Indah; Rahmiwati, Anita; Febry, Fatmalina; Sari, Desri Maulina; Yuliarti; Ningsih, Windi Indah Fajar; Arinda, Ditia Fitri; Harwanto, Fatria; Ramadhani, Ira Dewi; Ramdika, Sari Bema; Sari, Dwi Inda
Jurnal SOLMA Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka (UHAMKA Press)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/solma.v14i1.16721

Abstract

Background: Nutritional anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level in the blood is below normal. Anemia education is very important because there are still many young women who do not know about anemia. This activity aims to increase knowledge about balanced nutrition and anemia among young women in Menanti Village. Methods: This activity is in collaboration with the Head of Menanti Village, Kec. Kelekar Muara Enim Regency with a total of 36 participants, using lecture and discussion methods. The activities carried out are measuring knowledge and providing education using the lecture method. Results: Nutrition and anemia education activities in Menanti Village, Kelekar District, Muara Enim Regency were carried out on Tuesday 11 June 2024 for 36 young women. Conclusion: Community service activities by lecturers at the FKM Nutrition Study Program at Sriwijaya University in the form of nutritional education regarding anemia in young women using leaflets as a medium increase female students' knowledge regarding anemia. Knowledge about applying the principles of balanced nutrition is one of the efforts to prevent anemia from an early age in adolescents.
Evaluation of Acceptance of Pre-School Child Nutrition Surveillance Application Prototype Using the TAM Model Harwanto, Fatria
Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Yayasan RS.Dr. Soetomo Vol 11, No 1 (2025): JMK Yayasan RS.Dr.Soetomo, April 2025
Publisher : STIKES Yayasan RS.Dr.Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29241/jmk.v11i1.2180

Abstract

Health and nutrition surveillance in preschool-aged children is essential for supporting optimal growth, and digital technologies like mobile applications can simplify monitoring dental health, nutrition, and immunization history. This study analyzed the acceptance of a prototype child health and nutrition surveillance app using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The app was tested with 54 preschool students’ guardians, with data collected via a TAM-based questionnaire assessing perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, and intention to use the app. Results indicated that most guardians had positive perceptions of the app's usefulness and ease of use, which positively influenced their attitudes and intentions to use it for child health surveillance. The prototype was well-received and shows potential as an effective tool for preschool children's health monitoring, though further research on a larger scale is needed to validate these findings.
HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI FAST FOOD DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA DI INDONESIA : LITERATURE REVIEW Kasidi, Danti Kurniati; Harwanto, Fatria
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): AGUSTUS 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i2.32368

Abstract

Remaja yang sehat adalah salah satu aset yang akan membangun bangsa dimasa depan. Generasi muda yang akan melanjutkan pembangunan dan perkembangan bangsa, penting untuk memperhatikan kesehatan dan status gizi remaja untuk dipersiapkan sejak dini. Remaja dengan obesitas menjadi masalah serius karena dapat berlanjut hingga usia dewasa. Obesitas diartikan sebagai ketidakseimbangan antara asupan energi (intake) dan energi yang digunakan (expenditure), yang ditandai dengan penumpukan energi yang abnormal. Keseimbangan energi didalam tubuh dipengaruhi oleh faktor dari dalam tubuh yaitu regulasi fisiologis dan metabolisme dan dari luar tubuh yang berkaitan dengan gaya hidup (lingkungan) yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan makan dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini mengunakan  literature review atau tinjauan pustaka. Dalam mencari jurnal kriteria yang digunakan adalah jurnal dengan pembahasan obesitas pada remaja akibat konsumsi fast food. Dalam mencari jurnal tersebut mengunakan database google scholar (google cendikia) dan melalui web garuda. Terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi fast food dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja hal ini dibuktikan dengan 6 dari 9 artikel menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi fast food dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja. Faktor penyebab konsumsi fast food pada remaja adalah pengetahuan, uang saku, kemudahan akses, teman sebaya,kesibukan orang tua,dan media sosial. Faktor penyebab obesitas pada remaja pengetahuan yang rendah, kelebihan asupan, kurang aktivitas fisik, gen, kemudahan memperoleh akses.
Edukasi Gizi dan Kesehatan Gigi Pada Ibu Balita di Posyandu Balita Kelurahan Kenten Palembang Yuliana, Indah; Ramadhani, Ira Dewi; Harwanto, Fatria; Saci, Muhammad Amin Arigo; Aerosta, Danny Kusuma
ABDI MOESTOPO: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol 7, No 2 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32509/abdimoestopo.v7i2.3798

Abstract

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan anak di bawah usia 5 tahun yang berdampak pada peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas, keterlambatan perkembangan motorik dan kognitif, serta keterlambatan perkembangan otak. Fakta dilapangan mengatakan bahwasanya sebagian orang tua masih sulit untuk memilah, mencerna dan menyimpulkan serta memahami informasi kesehatan dan banyaknya isu-isu dan mitos yang berkembang.  Maka perlu dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa edukasi gizi dan kesehatan. Peserta yang menghadiri kegiatan edukasi sebanyak 34 orang. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masayarakat dilaksanakan dengan penyuluhan menggunakan metode pemberian kuesioner sebelum dan sesudahnya sebagai pendekatan evaluasi. Pada penyuluhan materi pencegahan masalah gizi sejak dini berhasil meningkatkan rata – rata skor pengetahuan ibu balita dari 4,49 menjadi 5,03 dan pada materi kesehatan gigi dan mulut terjadi penurunan dari 10.97 menjadi 10.00. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan kegiatan edukasi yang diberikan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu balita terkait gizi dan tidak pada kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kader Posyandu melalui Aplikasi MAGENTA (Monitoring Status Gizi dan Edukasi Anak Balita) Yuliana, Indah; Ramadhani, Ira Dewi; Harwanto, Fatria; Aerosta, Danny Kusuma
Jurnal Ners Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v8i1.20850

Abstract

The role of cadres in Posyandu activities is vital to detect growth and development problems in children under five in their environment. Technology that is developing over time makes it possible for several health services including recording the results of posyandu activities which are made in the form of an Android-based application. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in knowledge before and after being given the MAGENTA application training intervention. This research was conducted in October 2023 at the Kenten Palembang Community Health Center involving 34 posyandu cadres. Data analysis was carried out on the results of the trial evaluation which began with a normality test, and continued with a difference test on the results of the pre-test and post-test assessments. The MAGENTA application is an alternative form of guidance for posyandu cadres in monitoring child growth and providing nutrition education to mothers of toddlers during posyandu activities. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference in knowledge between before and after training in using the MAGENTA application regarding calculating and inferring nutritional status, and health promotion regarding attitudes towards the nutritional status of toddlers. There was a significant increase in cadre knowledge before and after the training.
Optimalisasi Gerakan Remaja Sehat: Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Anemia melalui Intervensi Gizi Prautami, Erike Septa; Harwanto, Fatria; Lumbantoruan, Santa Maria
JPM: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/jpm.v6i2.2759

Abstract

Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, marked by physical, psychological, and psychosocial changes. One of the most common health issues faced by adolescents, especially adolescent girls, is anemia. The low level of knowledge among adolescent girls about anemia and the underutilization of available land are the primary problems addressed in this community service activity. The aim of this program is to increase adolescent girls' knowledge about nutrition and anemia, as well as to utilize unused land to establish a dragon fruit garden. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of young women regarding anemia, utilize the existing land to create a dragon fruit garden where dragon fruit can be used to prevent anemia and install posters and distribute leaflets about nutrition and anemia. The methods used include socialization, education, training, and practical implementation of a dragon fruit garden using a drip irrigation system. The results of the activity showed a significant improvement in the participants' knowledge. Initially, 53 participants were categorized as having poor knowledge, but after the educational intervention, this number dropped to zero. Additionally, the number of participants with good knowledge increased from 2 to 48. Therefore, this activity has had a positive impact in raising awareness and enhancing adolescent girls' understanding of the importance of nutrition and anemia prevention.
Viscosity and energy density tests on suction pudding formulations as an intervention for hypoalbuminemia Delima, Cyntia; Ningsih, Windi Indah Fajar; Rahmiwati, Anita; Syafutri, Merynda Indriyani; Harwanto, Fatria; Ramdika, Sari Bema
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 4, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(4).260-267

Abstract

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipoalbuminemia adalah kondisi rendahnya kadar albumin di dalam tubuh (serum< 3,5 g/dL) karena tubuh tidak cukup memproduksi protein albumin atau ketika tubuh kehilangan banyak albumin dalam tinja dan urin. Hipoalbuminemia dapat diintervensi dengan makanan tinggi protein. Putih telur, susu skim dan ikan gabus dapat diolah menjadi makanan selingan berupa pudding sebagai intervensi gizi untuk penderita hipoalbuminemia. Viskositas dan densitas energi menjadi parameter penilaian mutu fisik dan kimia pada produk yang dihasilkan.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ikan gabus, susu skim dan putih telur terhadap viskositas dan densitas energi pada puding sedot.Metode: Penelitian eksperimen pembuatan puding sedot dengan empat formula. Perbandingan ikan gabus, putih telur dan susu skim yang berbeda, yaitu formulasi A (6.94%: 6.94%: 6.94%), formulasi B (10.41% : 0%: 10.41%), formulasi C (0%: 10.41%: 10.41%), dan formulasi D (10.41%: 10.41%:0%). Analisis viskositas enggunakan viskometer Brookfield NDJ-8S dan metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian analisis lemak adalah pendekatan gravimetri, metode Kjeldahl untuk penentuan protein, dan metode perbedaan untuk mengevaluasi kandungan karbohidrat. Nilai densitas energi puding sedot didapatkan dari hasil perbandingan antara kandungan energi dan berat pudding sedot. Nilai densitas energi puding sedot didapatkan dari hasil perbandingan antara kandungan energi dan berat pudding sedot. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil: Formulasi A, B, C dan D dibedakan berdasarkan perbandingan kandungan ikan gabus, putih telur dan susu skim. Formulasi A (ikan gabus 6.94%: putih telur 6.94%: susu skim 6.94%), formulasi B (ikan gabus 10.41% : putih telur 0%: susu skim 10.41%), formulasi C (ikan gabus 0%: putih telur 10.41%: susu skim 10.41%), dan formulasi D (ikan gabus 10.41%: putih telur 10.41%: susu skim 0%). Hasil uji viskositas formulasi A, B, C dan D dalam kategori viskositas tinggi. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata nilai viskositas antara formulasi A, B, C dan D (p-value=0.346). Hasil densitas energi formulasi A, B, dan C dalam kategori densitas energi rendah sedangkan formulasi D sangat rendah. Ada perbedaan nyata densitas energi antara formulasi A, B, C dan D (p-value=0.000). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan perbandingan putih telur, susu  skim dan ikan gabus tidak memengaruhi viskositas pudding sedot, namun memiliki pengaruh terhadap densitas energi. Semakin besar kandungan energi pada bahan utama maka akan semakin besar densitas energi puding sedot.  KATA KUNCI:  albumin; ikan gabus; pudding; putih telur; susu skim bubuk ABSTRACTBackground: Hypoalbuminemia is a condition of low albumin levels in the body (serum <3.5 g/dL) because the body does not produce enough of albumin protein or when the body loses a lot of albumin in faeces and urine. Hypoalbuminemia can be treated with high protein foods. Egg whites, skim milk and snakehead can be processed into a snack such as pudding as a nutritional intervention for hypoalbuminemia. Viscosity and energy density are parameters used to assess food’s physical and chemical quality.Objectives: to determine the effect of adding snakehead fish, skim milk, and egg whites on the viscosity and energy density of sucked pudding. Methods: This is experimental research using four formulas. The ratio of snakehead fish, egg whites, and skim milk is different. Formulation A (6.94%: 6.94%: 6.94%), formulation B (10.41%: 0%: 10.41%), formulation C (0%: 10.41%: 10.41%), and formulation D (10.41%: 10.41%:0%). The viscosity analysis used a Brookfield NDJ-8S viscometer and the methods used for fat analysis testing were the gravimetric approach, the Kjeldahl method for protein determination, and the difference method to evaluate carbohydrate content. The energy density value of sucked pudding was obtained from the comparison between energy content and weight of sucked pudding. The data obtained were analyzed bivariately using the one-way ANOVA followed by the DMRT for further testing.Results: Formulations A, B, C and D were differentiated based on the ratio of snakehead fish, egg whites and skim milk. Formulation A (snakehead fish 6.94% : egg white 6.94%: skim milk 6.94%), formulation B (snakehead fish 10.41%: egg white 0%: skim milk 10.41%), formulation C (snakehead fish 0%: egg white 10.41% : 10.41% skim milk), and formulation D (snakehead fish 10.41% : egg white 10.41% : skim milk 0%). The viscosity test results of formulations A, B, C and D are in the high viscosity category. There was no difference in viscosity values between formulations A, B, C, and D (p-value=0.346). The results of energy density of formulations A, B, and C are in the low energy density category while formulation D is very low. There is a significant difference in energy density between formulations A, B, C and D (p-value=0.000). Conclusions: Egg white, skim milk and snakehead fish do not affect the viscosity test but affect the energy density. The greater the energy content of the main ingredients, the greater the energy density of the suction pudding.KEYWORD: albumin; egg whites; pudding; skim milk; snakehead fish 
Emotional Demonstration (Emo-Demo) perilaku cuci tangan dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan penjamah makanan di Desa Babatan Saudagar, Kecamatan Pemulutan Desri Maulina Sari; Ira Dewi Ramadhani; Sari Bema Ramdika; Fatmalina Febry; Indah Purnama Sari; Fatria Harwanto; Yuliarti Yuliarti; Indah Yuliana; Windi Indah Fajar Ningsih; Ditia Fitri Arinda; Anita Rahmiwati
SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 9, No 3 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v9i3.30392

Abstract

Abstrak Kasus Diare selalu menjadi sepuluh besar penyakit yang selalu muncul di tiap puskesmas. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurangnya hygiene dari penjamah makanan. Beberapa studi menyebutkan bahwa penjamah makanan beranggapan tangan yang bersih adalah yang tidak terlihat kotor saja. Pemikiran seperti ini menjadi kekhawatiran pemerintah atas kondisi kesehatan masyarakat. Padahal kuman-kuman tak terlihat yang ada ditangan masih bisa menempel disana. Untuk memperbaiki anggapan yang keliru tentang tangan yang bersih hanya dari kasat mata, maka perlu dilakukan edukasi dengan konsep Emo-Demo agar masyarakat menjadi lebih paham tentang pentingnya cuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS). Tujuan dari program pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran penjamah makanan dalam menerapkan kebiasaan CTPS. Metode PKM yang diterapkan berupa penyuluhan dan emo-demo disertai dengan evalusai melalui pre-test dan post-test.  Sasarannya ibu rumah tangga di Desa Babatan Saudagar, Kecamatan Pemulutan, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Hasil PKM ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang CTPS sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan terdapat peningkatan. konsep emo-demo juga membuat responden lebih memahami tentang pentingnya CTPS meskipun tangan terlihat bersih. Praktik baik dan pengetahuan yang meningkat diharapkan menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi kasus diare pada tingkat rumah tangga dan Indonesia pada umumnya. Kata kunci: Emo Demo; cuci tangan; pengetahuan; penjamah makanan. Abstract Diarrhea cases are always in the top ten diseases that always appear in every health center. One of the causes is the lack of hygiene of food handlers. Several studies have stated that food handlers assume that clean hands are those that do not look dirty. This kind of thinking is a concern for the government regarding the health conditions of the community. In fact, invisible germs on the hands can still stick there. To correct the mistaken assumption that hands are clean only from the naked eye, it is necessary to conduct education with the Emo-Demo concept so that the community becomes more aware of the importance of washing hands with soap (CTPS). The purpose of this community service program (PKM) is to increase the knowledge and awareness of food handlers in implementing CTPS habits. The PKM method applied is in the form of counseling and emo-demo accompanied by evaluation through pre-test and post-test. The target is housewives in Babatan Saudagar Village, Pemulutan District, Ogan Ilir Regency. The results of this PKM show that knowledge about CTPS before and after counseling has increased. The emo-demo concept also makes respondents more aware of the importance of CTPS even though hands look clean. Good practices and increased knowledge are expected to be a solution to reduce diarrhea cases at the household level and generally in Indonesia. Keywords: Emo-Demo; handwash; knowledge; food handler.
Identifikasi Kadar Timbal, Tembaga dan Kadmium pada Sayur Kangkung di Pasar Kota Palembang Desri Maulina Sari; Ira Dewi Ramadhani; Yuliarti Yuliarti; Fatria Harwanto; Dwi Inda Sari
Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Penelitian Pengabdian Algero

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54259/sehatrakyat.v5i1.6896

Abstract

Vegetables play an important role in human health; However, its ability to accumulate heavy metals poses a potential public health risk. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), one of the leafy vegetables most commonly consumed by Indonesian people, is known for its phytoremediation capacity, which allows the absorption of heavy metals from contaminated environments. This study aims to identify and compare the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) in Water spinach sold in traditional markets and supermarkets in Palembang City. A descriptive quantitative study with a laboratory-based approach will be conducted in October 2024. Samples of Water spinach leaves and stems were collected using random sampling and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) at the Palembang City Standardization and Industrial Services Center. The results showed that the concentration of Pb and Cd in the leaves and stems of both types of markets was below the permissible limit. In contrast, the concentration of Cu in Water spinach leaves from both markets exceeded the recommended safety threshold, while the concentration in the stem remained within acceptable limits. These findings show that although Water spinach sold in Palembang is generally safe to consume due to Pb and Cd contamination, the Cu levels in Water spinach can cause potential long-term health problems. Continuous monitoring and improved food safety control along the production and distribution chain are highly recommended. Steaming and bleaching techniques are a solution in processing Water spinach that is safe for consumption.
Co-Authors Aerosta, Danny Kusuma Ahmad Adi Suhendra Ambarwati, Dyah Anita Rahmiwati Ardesy Melizah Kurniati Arigo Saci, Muhammad Amin Ayun, Ayatussholikhah Qurrota Azharani, Trianisa Delima, Cyntia Desri Maulina Sari Dwi Inda Sari Dwi Inda Sari, Dwi Inda Erman, Ery Fajar Ningsih, Windi Indah Fatmalina Febry Fitri Aulia Fitriani Fitriani, Uthfi Aulia Hamzah Hasyim Hapzi Ali Indah Purnama Sari Indah Yuliana Indah Yuliana Indah Yuliana Indah Yuliana Ira Dewi Ramadhani Ira Dewi Ramadhani Ira Dewi Ramadhani Ira Dewi Ramadhani Jasmine, Annisah Biancika Julius Anzar, Julius Kasidi, Danti Kurniati Merynda Indriyani Syafutri Mona Lisa MT Kamaludin Muhammad Amin Arigo Saci Muharramah, Disa Hijratul Muslim Muslim Nabilah, Defa Nuzul Ningsih, Windi Indah Fajar Novitasari, Prihatini Dini Prautami, Erike Septa Pulungan, Rafiah Maharani Ramdika, Sari Bema Rufi'i Rully Mufarika Saci, Muhammad Amin Arigo Santa Maria Lumbantoruan, Santa Maria Sapitri, Meilani Dwi Sari Bema Ramdika Sari Bema Ramdika Siti Rachmi Indahsari Swany Swany Taufiq, Fildzah Hashifah Tindaon, Rotua Lenawati Windi Indah Fajar Ningsih Windi Indah Fajar Ningsih Yuliarti Yuliarti Yuliarti Yuliarti Yuliarti Yusri Yusri