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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Pharmacon JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Jurnal Kesehatan Medika Saintika Majalah Farmaseutik JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat JPP Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Palembang Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Jurnal Ners Abdimas Galuh: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Indonesian Journal of Global Health research MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Indonesian Community Journal Abdi Geomedisains Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Prosiding University Research Colloquium Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Journal of Community Empowerment
Zakky Cholisoh
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Gambaran Adverse Drug Reactions (Adrs) Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara yang Mendapatkan Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (Aet) Tamoxifen dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya di Rs Swasta Semarang Tahun 2023 Kusumastuti, Maria Siska Triyuniar; Cholisoh, Zakky
Jurnal Ners Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v8i1.19330

Abstract

The use of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer has been associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aims to assess the picture of ADRs in breast cancer patients receiving Tamoxifen Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (AET) and the factors that influence it in Semarang private hospitals. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design that was analyzed quantitatively and the sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria are adult breast cancer patients who receive Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (AET) tamoxifen at least in 1 month, patients are willing to be respondents to fill out questionnaires by signing informed consent. Evaluation of the incidence of ADRs identified by the pharmacist. A total of 87 respondents experienced 18 types of ADRs. The three most common ADR events experienced by patients in the last 7 days were hormonal reactions to painful breasts (25.68%), hot or warm sensations in the upper body (chest, neck, face) (13.51%), vaginal dryness (10.14%). There is an incidence of ADRs in breast cancer patients receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (AET) tamoxifen. The three most common ADR events experienced by patients in the last 7 days were hormonal reactions to painful breasts (25.68%), hot or warm sensations in the upper body (chest, neck, face) (13.51%), vaginal dryness (10.14%). It is known that age, stage, and consumption of other drugs are not significantly associated with the incidence of ADR.
Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Bedah Ortopedi Reiza, Zenita; Cholisoh, Zakky
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2024): Volume 4 Nomor 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v4i4.14364

Abstract

ABSTRACT Drug Related Problems (DRPs) are treatment conditions that cause or have the potential to interfere with clinical outcomes and result in therapy failure. The use of prophylactic antibiotics often experiences inaccuracies that cause DRPs. The aim of this research was to determine the problems and causes of DRPs in the use of prophylactic antibiotics in clean orthopedic surgery patients using a retrospective approach. The inclusion criteria applied were clean orthopedic surgery patients aged >18 years. and exclusion criteria are patients with Diabetes Mellitus, immune diseases, and other infectious diseases and age > 60 years. The use of prophylactic antibiotics was analyzed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics and then classified with PCNE V9.1. Of 264 medical records of orthopedic patients with clean surgery, the highest choice of prophylactic antibiotic therapy was ceftriaxone at 49.6%. The highest DRPs problems are related to safety issues (P2) 48.4% in the form of potentially harmful drugs occurring (P2.1), other problems (P3) 40% related to unnecessary drug administration (P3.1) and effectiveness 10.6% related to effects medication is not optimal (P1.2). The highest cause of DRPs, drug selection factor (C1) 67% (no drug indication (C1.2) = 36.7%, drug selection not in accordance with guidelines (C1.1) = 30.3%), drug use factor (C6) 24.9% in the form of an inappropriate administration time (C6.1), and dose selection factor (C3) 8.1% in the form of an inappropriate dose (C3.1). Keywords: Antibiotics, Prophylaxis, DRPs, PCNE, Orthopedics Surgery  ABSTRAK Drug Related Problems (DRPs) merupakan kondisi pengobatan yang menyebabkan atau berpotensi mengganggu hasil klinis hingga kegagalan terapi. Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis seringkali mengalami ketidaktepatan yang menyebabkan terjadinya DRPs. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui masalah dan penyebab terjadinya DRPs penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis pada pasien operasi bersih ortopedi dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Kriteria inklusi diterapkan yaitu pasien operasi bersih ortopedi yang usia >18 tahun. dan kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien dengan Diabetes Mellitus, penyakit imunitas, dan penyakit infeksi lainnya serta usia >60 tahun. Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis dianalisis berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tentang Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik kemudian diklasifikasikan dengan PCNE V9.1. Dari 264 rekam medik pasien ortopedi dengan tindakan operasi bersih, pemilihan terapi antibiotik profilaksis tertinggi adalah ceftriaxone sebesar 49,6%. Masalah DRPs tertinggi terkait masalah keamanan (P2) 48,4% berupa obat merugikan berpotensi terjadi (P2.1),  masalah lain (P3) 40% terkait pemberian obat yang tidak perlu (P3.1) dan efektivitas 10,6% terkait efek obat tidak optimal (P1.2). Penyebab DRPs tertinggi, faktor pemilihan obat (C1) 67% (tidak adanya indikasi obat (C1.2) = 36,7%, pemilihan obat yang tidak sesuai dengan pedoman (C1.1) = 30,3%),faktor penggunaan obat (C6) 24,9% berupa waktu pemberian yang tidak sesuai (C6.1), dan faktor pemilihan dosis (C3) 8,1% berupa dosis yang tidak tepat (C3.1). Kata Kunci: Antibiotik, Profilaksis, DRPs, PCNE, Operasi Ortopedi
Antiepileptic Drug Prescribing Patterns and Seizure Control Among Outpatients with Epilepsy at a Public Hospital in Indonesia Faqih, Muhammad; Cholisoh, Zakky; Seftiyanti , Nirma; Nugraheni, Ambar Yunita; Azmi, Rizki Nur
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.156-166.2025

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy affects nearly 50 million people globally, including approximately 700,000–1.4 million in Indonesia, with 70,000 new cases reported annually. Objective: This study aimed to determine antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribing patterns and to examine their association with seizure control outcomes in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 185 outpatient prescriptions. Data on patient demographics, seizure frequency, and AED regimens were collected. Patterns of monotherapy and polytherapy were analyzed descriptively, and seizure control was compared using chi-square analysis. Results: Of the patients evaluated, 48.6% were male and 51.4% female. Monotherapy was prescribed in 51.4% of patients, predominantly valproic acid (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT). Polytherapy was used in 48.6% of patients, with the most common combinations being VPA + carbamazepine (CBZ) and PHT + VPA. Seizure-free control within six months was achieved in 34.6% of patients. A significant association was found between therapy regimen and seizure control (p = 0.040), with poor control more frequent in polytherapy (73.3%) than monotherapy (57.9%). Patients on polytherapy had twice the risk of poor seizure control (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.08–3.72). Conclusion: Valproic acid remains the most prescribed AED for monotherapy, while phenytoin–valproic acid combinations are frequent in polytherapy. Polytherapy was associated with poorer seizure control, highlighting the importance of individualized AED selection and rational drug utilization in epilepsy management
Pengembangan dan Validasi Kuesioner untuk Mengevaluasi Persepsi dan Kecenderungan Keterlibatan Apoteker pada Peresepan Obat-obat Off label pada Pasien Obstetri dan Ginekologi Zurroh, Al Hajar Fuadatus; Cholisoh, Zakky
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 21, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v21i4.92157

Abstract

Penelitian terkait penggunaan obat off label di Indonesia mayoritas terfokus pada pasien pediatri daripada pasien obstetri dan ginekologi. Padahal penggunaan off label pada pasien obstetri dan ginekologi perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena perlu memperhatikan banyak aspek kondisi pasien. Pada kondisi hamil umumnya obat-obatan dapat melintasi plasenta sehingga dapat memengaruhi kondisi janin (Wibowo et al. 2021).  Penelitian di Inggris menemukan mayoritas resep yang digunakan secara off label beresiko tinggi bagi pasien dan dokter yang meresepkan (Herring, McManus, and Weeks 2010). Kemungkinan terjadinya pravalensi tinggi terkait penggunaan obat-obat off label pada pasien obstetri dan ginekologi sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait  persepsi dan kecenderungan keterlibatan apoteker pada peresepan obat - obat off label pada pasien obstetri dan ginekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat evaluasi terhadap persepsi dan kecenderungan apoteker dalam peresepan obat-obat off label pada pasien obstetri dan ginekologi, dalam hal ini berupa kuesioner. Kuesioner  dikembangkan berdasarkan beberapa aspek yang ditemukan dalam kajian pustaka terpublikasi. Uji validitas rupa dan uji validitas konten kuesioner dilakukan dengan penilaian expert judgement, sedangkan uji validasi konstruk dilakukan dengan uji korelasi. Uji reliabilitas kuesioner dilakukan dengan menggunakan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 46 item pernyataan yang dibagi menjadi beberapa variasi. Setelah melalui beberapa uji validitas dan reliabilitas didapatkan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel dengan nilai R Corrected item-Total Correlation > 0,200 dari masing-masing pernyataan, diperoleh nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,906 sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pengujian selanjutnya.Kata kunci: Off label, Obstetri dan Ginekologi, Persepsi, Apoteker
Treatment Supervision and Medication Adherence among Tuberculosis Patients Within A Health Belief Model Framework Suwarni, Sri; Cholisoh, Zakky; Utami, Laras; Novembrina, Metrikana; PH, Livana; Santoso, Dona Yanuar Agus
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i2.7467

Abstract

Indonesia is the country with the second-highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world after India. TB is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB treatment requires a long duration and must be carried out consistently, which often leads to patients discontinuing their medication before completing the therapy. Patient adherence to medication plays a crucial role in determining treatment success. One of the factors influencing TB patients’ adherence is the role of the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) supervisor or Pengawas Minum Obat (PMO). This study aims to determine the relationship between the role of PMO in supervising medication intake using the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach and medication adherence among TB patients at RSD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro, Semarang City. This survey-based study employed a non-experimental correlational quantitative design with prospective data collection. The instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The total sample consisted of 72 participants, selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The instrument was tested for question content by experts and for validity and reliability using the Spearman correlation. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis with the Spearman Rho test. The results showed an r-value of 0.385, indicating a moderately strong correlation, with a significance value of 0.001 (< 0.05). These findings demonstrate a significant relationship between the role of the TB PMO and medication adherence using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a framework for understanding and predicting health behaviors based on individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of health risks. The role of the Directly Observed Treatment supervisor (PMO) has a significant relationship with TB patient medication adherence when assessed using the HBM approach.
Kelengkapan Terapi Medis Sesuai Pedoman dan Dampaknya terhadap Luaran Terapi pada Pasien Angina Pektoris Tidak Stabil: Penelitian di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Tersier di Indonesia Saufi, Muhammad Rifki; Cholisoh, Zakky
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1357

Abstract

Unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is a major cause of cardiovascular hospitalization and requires complex inpatient pharmacological management. Variability in the completeness of core guideline-recommended acute pharmacotherapy may influence inpatient therapeutic outcomes, including length of hospital stay (LOS). This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of core guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy and its association with LOS among hospitalized patients with unstable angina pectoris at a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia. A descriptive observational study with a retrospective design was conducted using secondary data from medical records. Of 214 hospitalized patients screened, 144 adult patients diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris met the inclusion criteria. Data collected included demographic characteristics, smoking status, comorbidities, LOS, and pharmacological therapy administered during hospitalization. Pharmacotherapy completeness was operationally defined based on the documented use of three core disease-modifying drug classes recommended for the acute management of unstable angina pectoris: antiplatelet therapy (single or dual), statin therapy, and beta-blocker therapy based on core acute-phase recommendations in the ESC 2023 and AHA/ACC 2023 guidelines, at any time during the inpatient stay. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and medication use, while bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between pharmacotherapy completeness and LOS. Most patients were male (62.5%) and aged 40–59 years (47.9%) or ≥60 years (43.1%), with a median LOS of 4 days (interquartile range 3–5). The most frequently prescribed drug classes were statins (92.4%), beta-blockers (91.7%), aspirin (88.2%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (86.1%). Dual antiplatelet therapy was administered in 66.7% of patients, and anticoagulants in 28.5%. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between pharmacotherapy completeness and length of hospital stay (p = 0.642). In conclusion, hospitalized patients with unstable angina pectoris generally received pharmacological therapy aligned with core guideline-recommended acute-phase management. However, the absence of a significant association between pharmacotherapy completeness and LOS suggests that LOS is a multifactorial outcome influenced by clinical and organizational factors beyond pharmacological management. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive inpatient care and structured medication review, including the role of clinical pharmacists, in optimizing treatment for patients with UAP.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Standarisasi Produksi Minyak Balur Herbal Berbasis Prinsip CPOTB Skala Sederhana pada UMKM Produsen Minyak Balur NQ21 di Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah Hanwar, Dedi; Cholisoh, Zakky; Purbasari, Heppy; Saufi, Muhammad Rifki; Hanafi, Yoeri Rafiqi Al; Nihaya, Aliya Ully; Arifiani, Maulida
Abdimas Galuh Vol 8, No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ag.v8i1.22701

Abstract

Produk minyak balur herbal merupakan salah satu sediaan obat tradisional yang banyak diproduksi oleh usaha mikro dan digunakan oleh masyarakat. Namun, proses produksinya umumnya masih dilakukan secara tradisional tanpa penerapan standarisasi yang memadai, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan variasi mutu dan risiko keamanan produk. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pelaku usaha mikro obat tradisional mengenai pentingnya standarisasi produksi berbasis prinsip Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB) skala sederhana. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui metode ceramah interaktif di UMKM NQ21, Kabupaten Sukoharjo, dengan peserta sebanyak 12 orang yang terlibat langsung dalam proses produksi. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pretest dan posttest dengan domain pertanyaan meliputi kebersihan produksi, standarisasi bahan baku, pengendalian proses, peralatan produksi, dan pencatatan sederhana. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai posttest meningkat sekitar 30% dibandingkan pretest dan perbedaannya bermakna secara statistik berdasarkan uji t berpasangan (p < 0,05). Kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi CPOTB skala sederhana efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman pelaku UMKM sebagai langkah awal penerapan standarisasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan keamanan produk minyak balur herbal. 
Profile of Intravenous Admixture Drugs in Newborn Patients at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta Inesya Febrianing Rizki; Zakky Cholisoh
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) Jurnal Pharmacy, Vol. 20 No. 02 Desember 2023
Publisher : Pharmacy Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/pharmacy.v20i2.21236

Abstract

Intravenous admixtures are sterile solutions prepared by mixing one or more different drugs with a suitable solvent and given to patients via the intravenous route. One of the factors causing contamination of the intravenous preparation mixture is an error in the aseptic technique during the preparation phase. Errors in aseptic techniques can cause infection. Newborns (neonates) are children under the age of 28 days. During 28 days of birth, have the highest risk of dying. The rate of potential adverse drug events (ADE) is three times higher in children than adults and substantially higher in neonates receiving intensive care. Intravenous admixture therapy, often performed in general wards, is highly susceptible to bacterial contamination which can result from aseptic technique errors. Bacterial contamination in intravenous preparations can cause infection which can trigger septic shock to death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the mixing process and the process of administering intravenous admixture drugs to infant patients. This study was conducted on infant or neonatal patients who were hospitalized in general wards and special intensive wards for babies in hospitals. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. The research took place from February to March 2020 and was carried out using a prospective observational method. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients receiving parenteral drug therapy with complete medical records. Analysis of drug miscibility/insolubility was carried out using Handbook an Injectable Drugs edition 17 as the main reference and ASHP Drug information handbook 2021 edition. The results of this study, the percentage of solubility of injectable drugs that dissolved was 44 times administration (36.7%). For the administration of insoluble drugs 3 times (2.5%) and 73 (60.8%) administrations there was no information regarding the solubility of the drugs given. The study concludes that although there is incompatibility potential information references, at the direct observation was no incompatibility found. The administration of the two potentially insoluble drugs was carried out with different syringe containers.
Adherence and Predictors of Endocrine Therapy Use Among Breast Cancer Patients in a Private Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study Setiawardani, Maria Fitri; Cholisoh, Zakky; Hapsari, Pramudita Mila
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v13i12026.20-30

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer has a high incidence rate. One of the treatments involves long-term endocrine therapy, which can cause boredom in patients with cancer, leading to non-compliance with therapy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate adherence and identify the variables that affect the level of adherence in patients with breast cancer receiving endocrine adjuvant therapy at a private hospital in Central Java. Methods: This cross-sectional study used purposive sampling. Data were collected from 87 respondents in total. Data were collected using questionnaires and patient medical records. Results: We categorised the patient adherence level as adherent (65.5 %) and non-adherent (34.5 %). The logistic regression test revealed a relationship between adherence and education level (p-value=0.001; OR=0.056; 95% CI 0.012-0.281), stage (p-value=0,002; OR 0.096; 95% CI 0.022-0.424), and other medication use (p-value=0,020; OR=0.061; 95% CI 0.006-0.650). This indicates that education level, cancer stage, and other medication use significantly influenced the adherence rate of patients receiving endocrine adjuvant therapy. These findings emphasise the need for targeted educational support and optimised medication management to improve adherence among patients undergoing long-term endocrine therapy.
Prevalensi dan Karakteristik Interaksi Obat Potensial pada Resep Pasien Anak Rawat Inap: Evidence dari Rumah Sakit Regional di Indonesia Rizky Aulia; Cholisoh, Zakky
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol22.iss1.art4

Abstract

Background: Drug interactions represent a significant medication safety concern among pediatric inpatients. Pediatric patients possess distinct pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to adults, rendering them more vulnerable to adverse effects from concurrent drug administration. Objective: This study aimed to analyze potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in the prescriptions of pediatric inpatients at Dr. H. Andi Abdurrahman Noor Regional Hospital, Tanah Bumbu Regency. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted on 143 patients meeting the inclusion criteria from a total of 221 patients during the period of September–November 2025. Drug interaction identification was performed using the drugs.com database. Results: Results showed that of the 143 analyzed prescriptions, 81 (56.6%) contained potential drug interactions, comprising 27 interacting drug pairs and a total of 107 interaction events. By mechanism, pharmacokinetic interactions predominated at 55.1%, followed by pharmacodynamic interactions at 44.9%. By severity, moderate interactions were most prevalent (54.2%), followed by minor (36.4%) and major (9.3%). The most frequently interacting drug pairs were paracetamol–ranitidine (18.7%), cefotaxime–gentamicin (13.1%), and diazepam–valproic acid (8.4%). The most clinically significant major interactions included diazepam–phenobarbital, gentamicin–furosemide, furosemide–propranolol, and dexamethasone–phenobarbital.Conclusion: These findings highlight the high prevalence of potential DDIs in pediatric inpatients and underscore the necessity for rigorous therapeutic monitoring and active clinical pharmacist involvement in the prescribing process.
Co-Authors Adelina Damayanti Amanda Wahyu Kurniawan Ambar Yunita Nugraheni Anita Sukmawati Anshari, Adi Fahmi Arifiani, Maulida Audi Tahta Aurellia Azmi, Rizki Nur Brainandiva Ade Fitria Burhannudin Ichsan Cahya Rahma Utami Damayanti, Adelina Dedi Hanwar Dian Oktianti Dwi Novita Sari Endang Setyaningsih Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning Farida, Rahayu Gita Ayu Pradina Hanafi, Yoeri Rafiqi Al Hapsari, Pramudita Mila Hekmah, Laila Nur Heppy Purbasari Hidayah Karuniawati Hidayah, Azzahra Zulfa Nur Husna Fauzia Ika Trisharyanti Dian Kusumowati Inesya Febrianing Rizki Irhamadi Malik Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa Kusumastuti, Maria Siska Triyuniar Kusumawardani, Mia Laila Nur Hekmah Larasati, Arindra Livana Ph, Livana Luluk Ria Rakhma Malik, Irhamadi Mar’ah, Siti Sitatul Meia Yevi Setiawati Mika Tri Kumala Swandari, Mika Tri Kumala Muhammad Faqih Muhammad Ikhsan Al Af Ghani Nabilla Andasari Putri Nihaya, Aliya Ully Novembrina, Metrikana Nur ‘Azah Oktasari, Solikhah Rosvita Pradina, Gita Ayu Pramudita Mila Hapsari Putri, Citra Agustin Ananda Putri, Nabilla Andasari Rajali, Ahmad Ramadhani, Renita Nur Ramdani, Tasya Eka Refsya Azanti Putri Reiza, Zenita Rima Munawaroh Riswanto, Muhammad Imam Rizka Mulya Miranti Rizki Nur Azmi Rizky Aulia Rohmah, Siti Alfiatur Rukmini, Aulia Sally Astya Utami Sania Nayasari Khoirunnisa Santoso, Dona Yanuar agus Saufi, Muhammad Rifki Seftiyanti , Nirma Setiaji, Muh Maskur Setiawan, Abdul Aziz Setiawardani, Maria Fitri Setyo Nurwaini Siti Alfiatur Rohmah Sri Suwarni Suryaman, Sulistia Syah, Dhafina Salsabila Tanti Azizah Tanti Azizah Utami, Laras Utami, Sally Astya Utaminingsih, Esthi Wahyu Utami Wahyudi, Afiv Wikantyasning, Erindyah R. Yuka Aulia Rahma Zaenab Zaenab Zaenab Zulfa, Farah Qanitha Zurroh, Al Hajar Fuadatus