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Defence Industry Policy of Indonesia: A Lesson Learned from India Huliyani, Tri; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Ramsi, Oktaheroe
International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijhess.v3i3.7509

Abstract

National defence industry self-reliance has become a strategic imperative for states globally, particularly in an international system characterized by anarchy and self-help dynamics. Within this context, the state emerges as the central actor in safeguarding its sovereignty, and the pursuit of defence industry autonomy represents a key survival strategy. This study analyzes Indonesia’s defence industry policy through the theoretical lenses of realism, the developmental state, and the triple helix framework, drawing comparative insights from India, a country widely regarded as more advanced in this sector. Both Indonesia and India are major emerging powers in the Global South with shared ambitions for defence self-reliance, yet they demonstrate divergent trajectories in institutional capacity and policy outcomes, making them suitable for comparative analysis. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research utilizes secondary data from official documents, academic literature, research institute reports, and credible media sources. The findings indicate that while Indonesia benefits from a solid legal foundation (notably Law No. 16/2012) and political commitment, its defence industrial development is hindered by limited fiscal allocations, the dominance of state-owned enterprises, underdeveloped industrial research capabilities, and weak synergy within the triple helix model. Conversely, India has advanced its defence sector through strategic initiatives such as Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, underpinned by fiscal incentives, deregulation, increased private sector engagement, enhanced research through the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), and a well-integrated triple helix innovation ecosystem. These comparative insights underscore the need for Indonesia to reform its policy paradigm by strengthening its industrial roadmap, fostering private sector participation, enhancing government–industry–academia collaboration, and pursuing export-oriented and technology transfer strategies. Theoretically, the study contributes to the growing literature on defence industry development in emerging states; practically, it offers policy recommendations aimed at improving Indonesia’s defence industrial ecosystem, enhancing global competitiveness, and reducing import dependency through innovation-led self-reliance.
Among Giants: The Military Bases’ Impacts of Great Power Competition on Djibouti’s National Security Silaen, Christo Ariel Mario; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijhess.v3i3.7563

Abstract

This study addresses the limited research on the implications of great power competition for small states, with a particular focus on Djibouti’s national security, political autonomy, and economic stability. Despite its strategic location and geopolitical significance, Djibouti remains underexamined in the context of rising global military rivalries. The study investigates how the presence of multiple foreign military bases affects Djibouti’s internal and external security dynamics. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were drawn from official reports, scholarly literature, and strategic analyses, and examined using thematic content analysis to identify key patterns and trade-offs. Findings indicate that while foreign military bases contribute to national security through deterrence and provide economic gains via lease revenues and infrastructure development, these benefits are unequally distributed and come at the cost of growing dependencies that may limit Djibouti’s foreign policy autonomy. The study concludes that Djibouti strategically adopts an omnidirectional hedging approach, maintaining balanced relations with competing powers to preserve its sovereignty and regional relevance. The research contributes to theoretical discourse on small-state strategies in international relations and offers practical policy recommendations for managing foreign military engagements while safeguarding national interests. It also highlights avenues for future research on the broader socio-economic and political implications of foreign base-hosting in strategically located microstates.
Indonesia’s Defense Diplomacy in Advancing ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) as a Regulatory Basis for ASEAN First Responder Formation Ramsi, Oktaheroe; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijhess.v3i3.7564

Abstract

Southeast Asia ranks among the most disaster-prone regions globally, owing to its complex geological features and tropical climate. In response, ASEAN established the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER), the region’s first legally binding framework for disaster management. Despite its significance, AADMER's implementation faces structural limitations, including the principle of non-interference, disparities in member state capacities, and bureaucratic delays that hinder rapid mobilization during the critical "golden time" of disaster response. This study examines Indonesia’s defense diplomacy in reinforcing AADMER as a regulatory basis for developing a regional First Responder mechanism that is timely, coordinated, and effective. Adopting a descriptive qualitative methodology, the research analyzes Indonesia’s engagement through platforms such as the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) and ADMM-Plus, alongside the roles of key national institutions including the National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB), the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and cooperation with the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre). The findings highlight Indonesia’s strategic role as a country frequently affected by disasters in advancing civil-military interoperability, joint disaster response exercises, and rapid deployment mechanisms under AADMER. Indonesia’s defense diplomacy emerges not only as a tool of traditional security but also as a form of soft power that enhances regional solidarity and institutional legitimacy. The study concludes that Indonesia’s leadership is pivotal in realizing the vision of One ASEAN, One Response through the establishment of a regulation-based, consensus-driven, and collectively operational First Responder system for the region.
ISLAM’S “SYMBOLIC POLITICS” IN INDONESIA Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 22 No. 3 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v22i3.996.755-769

Abstract

Artikel ini membahas dinamika perjalanan Islam sebagai salah satu kekuatan politik Indonesia. Dalam perjalanan sistem politik Indonesia, Islam bukan saja memainkan perannya sebagai simbol religi dan filsafat, melainkan telah berfungsi pula sebagai simbol politik Islam sejarah politik Indonesia. Berbagai fenomena agama, sosial, politik pada era globalisasi ini baik yang terjadi di lingkungan domestik dan eksternal Indonesia tetapakan memiliki signifikansinya pada perkembangan Islam sebagai kekuatan agama dan politik. Oleh karenanya, posisi Islam dalam politik Indonesia dan politik global, padaumumnya akan tetap menjadi sumber perdebatan utama dalam sekularisasi politik dan agamaisasi politik.
DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN FILIPINA UNTUK CAPACITY BUILDING DI TENGAH PERSAINGAN AS-TIONGKOK Dewi, Dyah Apriliana Chandra; Pedrason, Rodon; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 11, No 3 (2024): NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v11i3.2024.921-930

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji diplomasi pertahanan Filipina dalam membangun kapasitas di tengah persaingan Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dan data sekunder, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi strategi diplomasi pertahanan Filipina, termasuk penerapan strategi lindung nilai dalam menjaga keseimbangan di antara dua kekuatan besar tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Filipina mengelola persaingan Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok dengan mempertahankan aliansi dengan kedua negara sambil menyeimbangkan tujuan mereka yang berbeda. Filipina memanfaatkan hubungan ekonomi dengan Cina melalui Belt and Road Initiative dan kemitraan dengan Amerika Serikat melalui perluasan EDCA. Strategi ini memungkinkan Filipina untuk mempertahankan kemandiriannya dan mencegah ketergantungan yang berlebihan pada salah satu negara besar. Pembangunan kapasitas pertahanan Filipina berpusat pada peningkatan kemampuan melalui partisipasi regional, modernisasi, dan aliansi.
G-20 SUMMIT 2022 LESSON LEARNED: THE DEFENSE DIPLOMACY LENSES Duarte, Rui; Banyu Perwita, Anak Agung; Mahroza, Jonni; Risma Saragih, Herlina Juni; Praditya, Editha; Nugroho, Riant
Jurnal Academia Praja Vol 6 No 2 (2023): Academia Praja : Jurnal Ilmu Politik, Pemerintahan, dan Administrasi Publik
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36859/jap.v6i2.1764

Abstract

As the president of G-20 in 2022, Indonesia held the Summit of 19 countries plus one region, representing 80% of the world's GDP, 75% of global exports, and 60% of the global population. Indonesia's interests in G-20 Bali were on strategic and direct appeal. The strategic benefits were (a) taking G 20 as a strategic forum to discuss global issues: global health, financial stability, and climate change, (b) showcasing Indonesia's economic recovery efforts during the Covid-19 pandemic, and (c) showcasing Indonesia's role as a meeting leader that will support the formation of global policies. The immediate benefits were (a) an increase in foreign exchange from delegation visits to Indonesia, (b) a revival of the hospitality sector, (c) support for the increase in domestic consumption, (d) optimising the role of MSMEs, and (e) increase employment absorption. Using the defence diplomacy lens instrument, the research found that the Summit has reached a profound performance, as the total commission is reaching 3,89 from 4.00. The economic interest of the nation has been delivered at the score of 3.66, which means the level of defence diplomacy has almost reached the 4th level –the regulator—which puts Indonesia as a very high-impact country. The political interest was delivered at the score of 2.00, which means the performance level was facilitator, the ow impact country. The general interest was shown at a 3.00 score, which means the negotiator, which means that Indonesia might have been a high-impact country.
Indonesia's National Defense Strategy in Facing the Threat of Changes in the Strategic Environment Wahid, Muhamad Hasanuddin; Banyu Perwita, Anak Agung; Thamrin, Suyono; Widjayanto, Joni
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i1.4246

Abstract

Received: 2023-11-16Revised: 2024-02-12Accepted: 2024-03-19 Keywords:Global and Regional Environmental Strategy; Security Vulnerabilities and Threats; International Cooperation;Arms Race;Sustainable Development and National SecurityThe aim of this research is how Indonesia responds to changes in environmental strategy, in building protection capabilities for the implementation of national development. For this reason, it is necessary to identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities that can be exploited by the state or the external sector to achieve goals. The research method used is a qualitative method, while for threat analysis used is the Means, Ways, and method, namely, how to understand, disseminate and formulate existing threat strategies. This method consists of three parts that are interconnected with each other. The research results show. Global and regional environmental developments are marked by the emergence of several new problems that will have a significant impact on human development in the future. During long- standing problems and conflicts, international cooperation is the only option that offers hope for international peace and stability. The role of large countries and their dominant influence remains the main feature of global and regional environmental strategy. Opportunities for developing countries to increase their economic competitiveness and bargaining power are limited due to the increasing economic, political, defense and security power of several countries in various regions. In this context, new breakthroughs in prioritizing the environment, increasing national damage, and implementing sustainable development are urgently needed. The proliferation of nuclear weapons and nuclear nuclear development programs by several countries, such as North Korea and Iran, poses a threat to global security and the potential use of nuclear weapons in a war between Russia and Ukraine. Strengthening global and regional political and security policies in the future when many countries will emerge with economic and military strength. The arms race is intensifying, of strategic importance to countries around the world.                                                      Indonesia needs to have close relations with several    countries such as Australia, Russia, China, and the United States. Efforts to build mutually beneficial relationships need to be prioritized to realize Indonesia's strategic interests in the medium and long term. On the other hand, Indonesia has and will face several vulnerabilities and even threats. Problems related to energy supply, population, environment, economy, separatism, and many transnational security issues need to be addressed immediately with sustainable action. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to adjust strategies, improve the ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural and security conditions for preserving Indonesia, as well as maintaining the integrity of the state and the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. continue to increase national capacity. Security of Indonesian citizens.
The Implementation of Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) in the South China Sea for Regional Stability through the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Sembiring, Afri Emilia Br; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hadisancoko, Rizerius Eko; Wulandari, Adelia; Avanantsoa, Harlette Naudy Gea
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jp.v10i2.19559

Abstract

Despite the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)’s efforts to implement confidence-building measures (CBMs) since its establishment in 1994, there are still challenges that remain in achieving the desired level of trust and cooperation among its 27 member countries, particularly in the South China Sea (SCS). While CBM initiatives have contributed to reducing tensions, there is still a gap further complicated by the shifting power dynamics, particularly China’s rise and the United States’ strategic responses, which have heightened tensions in the Indo-Pacific region. Furthermore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of confidence-building measures (CBMs) in defense cooperation and diplomacy within the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), specifically in the context of the South China Sea (SCS). By analyzing the existing CBMs and identifying the gaps between the current state and the desired outcomes, the research seeks to provide insights into how these measures can be enhanced to manage tensions better, build trust, and promote regional stability amidst the evolving security landscape in the Indo-Pacific region. This research underscores the importance of CBMs in regional diplomacy and their potential to shape a stable and cooperative Indo-Pacific environment. The research used qualitative research methods, collecting data from scientific journals, websites, and previous research, which were analyzed to explore CBMs’ role in enhancing regional security and cooperation. Results indicate that CBMs have played a crucial role in promoting peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific and have been instrumental in reducing mistrust and preventing conflicts. However, challenges persist due to the complexity of regional security threats and the diverse interests of member states. Sustained cooperation and adaptability are essential to address evolving security dynamics. The effectiveness of CBMs in the SCS will depend on a commitment to dialogue among parties.
The Impacts of Indonesia's Membership in the BRICS on the Defense Sector: Opportunities and Challenges Iqbal, Yunizir; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Rudy, Elphis
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v3i3.7057

Abstract

Indonesia's accession as a full member of the BRICS in January 2025 marks strategic progress in its autonomous and proactive foreign policy, aiming to improve its economic and geopolitical position globally. The BRICS, which consists of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and new members Indonesia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates, serves as a forum to strengthen economic collaboration, defence diplomacy, and global security. This study analyses the impact of Indonesia's BRICS membership on the defence sector, emphasising its economic advantages, technology transfer, and enhancement of its diplomatic position. This research uses qualitative methodologies, analyses official documents, BRICS foreign policy, and reports from the Indonesian Ministry of Defence to ensure that access to the New Development Bank (NDB) facilitates infrastructure development in the fields of transportation and energy, thereby indirectly improving the operational efficiency of the military. Bilateral collaboration with BRICS countries, including Russia and China, facilitates the transfer of advanced military technologies, including weapons systems and training, thereby enhancing Indonesia's defence capabilities. In addition, BRICS membership allows Indonesia to advocate for more inclusive reforms in global economic governance, thereby enhancing its position as a link between developing countries and major economic powers. However, challenges such as potential tensions with Western allies, the risk of foreign technology dependence, and the need to maintain a balance of non-aligned policies require careful diplomacy strategies. By taking advantage of investment, trade, and BRICS multilateral forum opportunities, Indonesia can strengthen economic sovereignty and national security while becoming a key actor in regional stability. The study concludes that BRICS membership offers multidimensional opportunities for Indonesia, but long-term success depends on the ability to maintain diplomatic balance and develop a domestic defence industry to reduce asymmetric dependencies.
The Role of Defense Diplomacy in Strengthening Indonesia–France Relations: A Case Study of Defense Equipment Procurement Saleo, Aloycius Chandra Londong Somalinggi; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v3i3.7119

Abstract

This study investigates the role of defense diplomacy in enhancing bilateral relations between Indonesia and France, with particular emphasis on defense equipment procurement as a strategic instrument. Grounded in neorealism, cooperative security theory, and the concept of defense diplomacy, the research explores how Indonesia’s acquisition of French military platforms, including Rafale fighter jets and Scorpène-class submarines, extends beyond arms transactions to encompass trust-building, capability development, and regional power balancing. Employing a qualitative case study approach supported by policy analysis, defense agreements, and secondary literature, the study demonstrates that defense procurement has strengthened bilateral strategic alignment while advancing Indonesia’s military modernization agenda. The findings indicate that defense diplomacy can serve as an effective bridge between hard power imperatives and soft power engagement, particularly within the increasingly contested Indo-Pacific context. This research contributes to scholarly debates on middle power diplomacy and underscores the multidimensional value of defense cooperation in achieving foreign policy and security objectives.
Co-Authors Abdullah Zulkifli Adelia Wulandari Agung Risdhianto Agung Risdhianto Agung Rishdianto Agung Rishdianto Agus Sudarya Agus Sudarya Akhmad Sultoni Yahya Akmal Nugraha, Deja Akmhad Sultoni Yahya Albubaroq, Hikmat Zakky Andriyanto, Kristoforus Evan Annisa Dipa Pertiwi Arcelinocent Emile Pangemanan Aritonang, Alice Agatha Delfreeta Aritonang, Sovian Asrudin, Muhammad Athar Dil, Saqib Avanantsoa, Harlette Naudy Gea Baresi, Muhammad Jordan Brahmana, Dedy Putra BUDI PRAMONO Dedy Putra Brahmana Denisa Rizkiya Denisa Rizkiya Dewi, Dyah Apriliana Chandra Duarte, Rui Eko Hadisancoko, Rizeriu Ernasari, Cici Estirahayu, Ferditania Fadhlur Rivanda Febry Hadiaty Furqon Hananto, Subarkah Hashmi, Hassan Raza Hendarwoto, Yermia Heni Yekti Pamulatsih Hikmat Zakky al Mubaroq Huliyani, Tri I Gusti Bagus Dharma Agastia, I Gusti Bagus Dharma Inkiriwang, Frega F. Wenas Inkiriwang Inkiriwang, Frega Ferdinand Wenas Inkiriwang, Frega Wenas Iqbal, Yunizir Ircha Tri Meilisa Irene Irene Jennie Joyce Candice Jennie Joyce Candice Joodael, Kim Joseph Tertia Joseph Tertia Kim, Joodael Kurniawan Kurniawan Firmuzi Syarifuddin Lazuardi Loqman Ar Rahman Lazuardi Loqman Ar Rahman Luangphane, Chanthaboun Lubis, Lia Aulia M. Adnan Madjid Madjid, M. Adnan Mahroza, Jonni Makarim Wibisono Masitoh, Yuniar Tri Megawati Putri Militia Christi Pandelaki Militia Christi Pandelaki Montolalu, Reynaldo Rudy Kristian Muhamad Hasanuddin Wahid Muhammad Arkan Muhammad Ilham Razak Munif Prasojo Nahadin, Mallini Anthonia Nisrina Nadhifa Norlyanti, Nia Nugraha, Deja Akmal Nugroho, Riant Nurhayati Pakpahan Nurjanah, Ita Oktaheroe Ramsi Pamulatsih, Heni Yekti Pamungkas, Maria Anatasya Sekar Pandelaki, Militia Christi Pedrason, Rodon Peni Hanggarini Praditya, Editha Purwantoro, Susilo Adi R, Andana Prawitra Rahma Yustika Dewi Rahmadhani, Putri Reza A.A Wattimena Ria Putri Santoso Rishianto, Agung Risma Saragih, Herlina Juni Rizerius Eko Hadi Sancoko Rudy, Elphis Saleo, Aloycius Chandra Londong Somalinggi Santoso, Ria Putri Saputra, Darma Eka Sembiring, Afri Emilia Br Silaen, Christo Ariel Mario Simamora, Yohana Meyrida Sudibyo Sudibyo Sudibyo Suminar, Sekar Hesti Surachman Surjaatmadja Suyono Thamrin Tertia, Joseph Thamrin, Suyono Tia Dikatama Tsania Vania Lalita Wahid, Muhamad Hasanuddin Wenas Inkiriwang, Frega F. Wicaksono, Tresno Widjayanto, Joni Widya Dwi Rachmawati Wiranto, Surya Yasintha Selly Rossiana Yusuf Ali