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Effects of a TPACK-based online didactic design on university students’ statistical literacy: A quasi-experimental study Kartono, Kartono; Sudirman, Sudirman; Camilo Andrés Rodríguez-Nieto
Journal of Advanced Sciences and Mathematics Education Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Advanced Sciences and Mathematics Education
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jasme.v6i1.1103

Abstract

Background: Students in distance statistics courses often achieve lower learning outcomes compared to those in face-to-face settings. Although the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework has been widely applied in technology-integrated instruction, limited empirical evidence clarifies whether prior mathematical knowledge (PMK) moderates its effectiveness in asynchronous online statistics learning. Aim: This study examined the effectiveness of a TPACK-based online tutorial design in improving students’ statistical literacy and investigated the moderating role of PMK. Methods: A quasi-experimental design involved 170 distance education students (experimental n = 85; control n = 85) classified into low, medium, and high PMK levels. The experimental group participated in a 12-session TPACK-based online tutorial with periodic webinar integration, while the control group received conventional online instruction. Statistical literacy was measured using post-test and normalized gain scores and analyzed through two-way ANOVA and simple effects tests. Results: The analysis revealed a significant main effect of tutorial design (ηp² = .102–.116), indicating higher achievement among students receiving TPACK-based instruction. PMK showed a stronger main effect (ηp² = .215–.230), suggesting substantial differences in performance across readiness levels. A significant interaction effect demonstrated a threshold pattern. Students with medium and high PMK obtained significantly higher post-test scores and normalized gains in the experimental group, while students with low PMK showed no statistically significant differences between tutorial designs. The magnitude of learning gains increased consistently from low to high PMK categories, confirming that instructional benefits intensified alongside mathematical readiness. Conclusion: The effectiveness of TPACK-based online tutorials depends on students’ prior mathematical knowledge. Instructional advantages are pronounced for learners with adequate foundational skills but limited for those with low readiness. These findings emphasize the need for adaptive support mechanisms to ensure that technology-integrated instruction produces equitable outcomes in distance statistics education.
Co-Authors Abubakar, Abdulhalim Aloisius Loka Son Alsulami, Naif Mastoor Andrés Rodríguez-Nieto, Camilo Andriani, Mela Angelia, Inge Ardi Dwi Susandi Arie Purwa Kusuma Baltaeva, Umida Bambang Avip Priatna Martadiputra cakrawala Bayu Jaya Tama Bete, Hendrika Bongani Dhlamini, Zwelithini Camilo Andres Rodriguez-Nieto Camilo Andrés Rodríguez-Nieto Damayanti Lestari, Wiwit Dayat Mardiana Denni Ismunandar Didik Triyono Dyana Astuti Eko Hartono, Eko Endang Wahyuningrum Erlinda, Rosni Fiki Alghadari Fitriyani Fitriyani García-García, Javier Ginashantika, Evana Gorky Sembiring, Maximus Gunadi, Farid Himphinit, Musakkid Indrawati Indrawati Isnawan, Muhamad Galang Jackson Pasini Mairing, Jackson Pasini Jarnawi Afgani Dahlan Javier García-García Jenisus Dejarlo Jusniani, Nia Kartini Kartini Kartono Kartono Karunia Tumba Sanda Pakabu Khairunnisa, Ika Aulia Khalid, Nursyahidah binti Lily Aulin Assya Linawati Linawati Lukman Nulhakim Luthfiyati Nurafifah Mela Andriani Mery Noviyanti Monike, Rismun Sufia Mustapa, Noviana mustikaningsih, Dian Nandang Nasir Nasir Natan Prasetya Nizlel Huda O. Dejarlo, Jenisus Olivero-Acuña, Ronaldo Rafael Pochulu, Marcel David Prasetya, Natan Puspitasari, Kristanti Ambar Rakha Pradestya Rasilah, Rasilah Rauhun, Siti Rizkiah Nurul Fitriani Rodríguez-Nieto, Camilo Andrés Ronaldus Ariyanto Jelahu Rosyadi Runisah, Runisah Samsul, Bahri Sembiring, Gorky Sendi Ramdhani Singh Chauhan, Alok Siti Aisyah Siti Anisa Sri Adi Widodo Susandi, Ardi Syafa'at Ariful Huda Syarah, Erie Siti Taufan, Mochammad Thesa Kandaga Thesa Kandaga Topik Ilham ULFHA RACHMAWATI Yaya Sukjaya Kusumah Yossa Giovani Vianto Yumiati Yumiati